Increased rate of force development during periodized maximum strength and power training is highly individual
Maximum strength training induces various improvements in the rate of force development (RFD) on a group level, but no study has investigated inter-individual adaptations in RFD. Fourteen men (28 ± 6 years old) performed the same 10-week maximum strength and then a 10-week power training program. Ma...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | European journal of applied physiology 2018-05, Vol.118 (5), p.1033-1042 |
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| creator | Peltonen, Heikki Walker, Simon Hackney, Anthony C. Avela, Janne Häkkinen, Keijo |
| description | Maximum strength training induces various improvements in the rate of force development (RFD) on a group level, but no study has investigated inter-individual adaptations in RFD. Fourteen men (28 ± 6 years old) performed the same 10-week maximum strength and then a 10-week power training program. Maximal force and RFD were recorded during maximal isometric leg extension voluntary contractions repeatedly before every 7th training session (2 sessions/week). After the intervention, subjects were retrospectively divided into three groups based on their RFD improvements: (1) improved only during the maximum strength period (MS-responders, + 100 ± 35%), (2) improved only during the power period (P-responders, + 53 ± 27%) or (3) no improvement at all (non-responders, + 3 ± 9%). All groups increased dynamic 1RM equally, but baseline 1RM was greater (
p
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| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00421-018-3836-9 |
| format | Article |
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p
< 0.05) in responder vs non-responder groups. MS-responders had higher electrical stimulation-induced torque at baseline and they improved (+ 35 ± 28%) power production at 50% 1RM load more than P- (− 7 ± 20%,
p
= 0.052) and non-responders (+ 3 ± 6%,
p
= 0.066) during the maximum strength training period. MS-responders increased vastus lateralis cross-sectional area (+ 12 ± 9%,
p
< 0.01) as did P-responders (+ 10 ± 7%,
p
= 0.07), whereas non-responders were unchanged. Free androgen index (FAI) in responders was higher (+ 34%,
p
< 0.05) compared to non-responders at baseline. The maximum strength period decreased testosterone (− 17 ± 12; 17 ± 22%), FAI ratio (− 12 ± 14; − 21 ± 23%) and testosterone/cortisol ratio (− 17 ± 25; − 31 ± 20%) in MS and P-responders, respectively. During the P-period hormonal levels plateaued. To conclude, periodized strength training induced different inter-individual physiological responses, and thus RFD development may vary between individuals. Therefore, RFD seems to be a useful tool for planning and monitoring strength training programs for individual neuromuscular performance needs.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1439-6319</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1439-6327</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-3836-9</identifier><identifier>PMID: 29511921</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Adaptation ; Adult ; Biological Variation, Individual ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biomedicine ; Cortisol ; Electrical stimuli ; Human Physiology ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone - blood ; Isometric ; Male ; Muscle Contraction ; Muscle Strength ; Muscle, Skeletal - physiology ; Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine ; Original Article ; Physical Conditioning, Human - methods ; Sports Medicine ; Sports training ; Strength training ; Testosterone ; Testosterone - blood ; Torque</subject><ispartof>European journal of applied physiology, 2018-05, Vol.118 (5), p.1033-1042</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018</rights><rights>European Journal of Applied Physiology is a copyright of Springer, (2018). All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c425t-628aeb29b916ba221723ab29dca67f09ba83d09486205e03326b496cd7cd0c683</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c425t-628aeb29b916ba221723ab29dca67f09ba83d09486205e03326b496cd7cd0c683</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00421-018-3836-9$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00421-018-3836-9$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29511921$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Peltonen, Heikki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Walker, Simon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hackney, Anthony C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Avela, Janne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Häkkinen, Keijo</creatorcontrib><title>Increased rate of force development during periodized maximum strength and power training is highly individual</title><title>European journal of applied physiology</title><addtitle>Eur J Appl Physiol</addtitle><addtitle>Eur J Appl Physiol</addtitle><description>Maximum strength training induces various improvements in the rate of force development (RFD) on a group level, but no study has investigated inter-individual adaptations in RFD. Fourteen men (28 ± 6 years old) performed the same 10-week maximum strength and then a 10-week power training program. Maximal force and RFD were recorded during maximal isometric leg extension voluntary contractions repeatedly before every 7th training session (2 sessions/week). After the intervention, subjects were retrospectively divided into three groups based on their RFD improvements: (1) improved only during the maximum strength period (MS-responders, + 100 ± 35%), (2) improved only during the power period (P-responders, + 53 ± 27%) or (3) no improvement at all (non-responders, + 3 ± 9%). All groups increased dynamic 1RM equally, but baseline 1RM was greater (
p
< 0.05) in responder vs non-responder groups. MS-responders had higher electrical stimulation-induced torque at baseline and they improved (+ 35 ± 28%) power production at 50% 1RM load more than P- (− 7 ± 20%,
p
= 0.052) and non-responders (+ 3 ± 6%,
p
= 0.066) during the maximum strength training period. MS-responders increased vastus lateralis cross-sectional area (+ 12 ± 9%,
p
< 0.01) as did P-responders (+ 10 ± 7%,
p
= 0.07), whereas non-responders were unchanged. Free androgen index (FAI) in responders was higher (+ 34%,
p
< 0.05) compared to non-responders at baseline. The maximum strength period decreased testosterone (− 17 ± 12; 17 ± 22%), FAI ratio (− 12 ± 14; − 21 ± 23%) and testosterone/cortisol ratio (− 17 ± 25; − 31 ± 20%) in MS and P-responders, respectively. During the P-period hormonal levels plateaued. To conclude, periodized strength training induced different inter-individual physiological responses, and thus RFD development may vary between individuals. Therefore, RFD seems to be a useful tool for planning and monitoring strength training programs for individual neuromuscular performance needs.</description><subject>Adaptation</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Biological Variation, Individual</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomedicine</subject><subject>Cortisol</subject><subject>Electrical stimuli</subject><subject>Human Physiology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hydrocortisone - blood</subject><subject>Isometric</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Muscle Contraction</subject><subject>Muscle Strength</subject><subject>Muscle, Skeletal - physiology</subject><subject>Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine</subject><subject>Original Article</subject><subject>Physical Conditioning, Human - methods</subject><subject>Sports Medicine</subject><subject>Sports training</subject><subject>Strength training</subject><subject>Testosterone</subject><subject>Testosterone - blood</subject><subject>Torque</subject><issn>1439-6319</issn><issn>1439-6327</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kU9P3DAQxa0KVLbQD9BLZamXXgL-kzj2sVq1BQmJC5wtx57sGiV2aidb6KcnYWGRKnGaGek3b0bvIfSFknNKSH2RCSkZLQiVBZdcFOoDWtGSq0JwVh8deqpO0Kec7wkhklH5EZ0wVVGqGF2hcBVsApPB4WRGwLHFbUwWsIMddHHoIYzYTcmHDR4g-ej8v5ntzYPvpx7nMUHYjFtsgsND_AsJj8n4sOA-463fbLtH7IPzO-8m052h49Z0GT6_1FN09-vn7fqyuL75fbX-cV3YklVjIZg00DDVKCoawxitGTfz7KwRdUtUYyR3RJVSMFIB4ZyJplTCuto6YoXkp-j7XndI8c8EedS9zxa6zgSIU9aMUCpme8pqRr_9h97HKYX5u2eKy4rVC0X3lE0x5wStHpLvTXrUlOglDL0PQ89h6CUMreadry_KU9ODO2y8uj8DbA_kYTEY0tvp91WfAFYslSY</recordid><startdate>20180501</startdate><enddate>20180501</enddate><creator>Peltonen, Heikki</creator><creator>Walker, Simon</creator><creator>Hackney, Anthony C.</creator><creator>Avela, Janne</creator><creator>Häkkinen, Keijo</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20180501</creationdate><title>Increased rate of force development during periodized maximum strength and power training is highly individual</title><author>Peltonen, Heikki ; Walker, Simon ; Hackney, Anthony C. ; Avela, Janne ; Häkkinen, Keijo</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c425t-628aeb29b916ba221723ab29dca67f09ba83d09486205e03326b496cd7cd0c683</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Adaptation</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Biological Variation, Individual</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biomedicine</topic><topic>Cortisol</topic><topic>Electrical stimuli</topic><topic>Human Physiology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hydrocortisone - blood</topic><topic>Isometric</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Muscle Contraction</topic><topic>Muscle Strength</topic><topic>Muscle, Skeletal - physiology</topic><topic>Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine</topic><topic>Original Article</topic><topic>Physical Conditioning, Human - methods</topic><topic>Sports Medicine</topic><topic>Sports training</topic><topic>Strength training</topic><topic>Testosterone</topic><topic>Testosterone - blood</topic><topic>Torque</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Peltonen, Heikki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Walker, Simon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hackney, Anthony C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Avela, Janne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Häkkinen, Keijo</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Biology Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>European journal of applied physiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Peltonen, Heikki</au><au>Walker, Simon</au><au>Hackney, Anthony C.</au><au>Avela, Janne</au><au>Häkkinen, Keijo</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Increased rate of force development during periodized maximum strength and power training is highly individual</atitle><jtitle>European journal of applied physiology</jtitle><stitle>Eur J Appl Physiol</stitle><addtitle>Eur J Appl Physiol</addtitle><date>2018-05-01</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>118</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>1033</spage><epage>1042</epage><pages>1033-1042</pages><issn>1439-6319</issn><eissn>1439-6327</eissn><abstract>Maximum strength training induces various improvements in the rate of force development (RFD) on a group level, but no study has investigated inter-individual adaptations in RFD. Fourteen men (28 ± 6 years old) performed the same 10-week maximum strength and then a 10-week power training program. Maximal force and RFD were recorded during maximal isometric leg extension voluntary contractions repeatedly before every 7th training session (2 sessions/week). After the intervention, subjects were retrospectively divided into three groups based on their RFD improvements: (1) improved only during the maximum strength period (MS-responders, + 100 ± 35%), (2) improved only during the power period (P-responders, + 53 ± 27%) or (3) no improvement at all (non-responders, + 3 ± 9%). All groups increased dynamic 1RM equally, but baseline 1RM was greater (
p
< 0.05) in responder vs non-responder groups. MS-responders had higher electrical stimulation-induced torque at baseline and they improved (+ 35 ± 28%) power production at 50% 1RM load more than P- (− 7 ± 20%,
p
= 0.052) and non-responders (+ 3 ± 6%,
p
= 0.066) during the maximum strength training period. MS-responders increased vastus lateralis cross-sectional area (+ 12 ± 9%,
p
< 0.01) as did P-responders (+ 10 ± 7%,
p
= 0.07), whereas non-responders were unchanged. Free androgen index (FAI) in responders was higher (+ 34%,
p
< 0.05) compared to non-responders at baseline. The maximum strength period decreased testosterone (− 17 ± 12; 17 ± 22%), FAI ratio (− 12 ± 14; − 21 ± 23%) and testosterone/cortisol ratio (− 17 ± 25; − 31 ± 20%) in MS and P-responders, respectively. During the P-period hormonal levels plateaued. To conclude, periodized strength training induced different inter-individual physiological responses, and thus RFD development may vary between individuals. Therefore, RFD seems to be a useful tool for planning and monitoring strength training programs for individual neuromuscular performance needs.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>29511921</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00421-018-3836-9</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adaptation Adult Biological Variation, Individual Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Cortisol Electrical stimuli Human Physiology Humans Hydrocortisone - blood Isometric Male Muscle Contraction Muscle Strength Muscle, Skeletal - physiology Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine Original Article Physical Conditioning, Human - methods Sports Medicine Sports training Strength training Testosterone Testosterone - blood Torque |
| title | Increased rate of force development during periodized maximum strength and power training is highly individual |
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