The pesticide methoxychlor decreases myotube formation in cell culture by slowing myoblast proliferation

We studied the effect of the estrogenic pesticide methoxychlor (MXC) on skeletal muscle development using C2C12 cell culture. Myoblast cultures were exposed to various concentrations of MXC at various times during the process of myoblast fusion into myotubes. We observed that MXC exposure decreased...

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Veröffentlicht in:Toxicology in vitro 2007-08, Vol.21 (5), p.770-781
Hauptverfasser: Steffens, Bradley W., Batia, Lyn M., Baarson, Chad J., Choi, Chang-Kun Charles, Grow, Wade A.
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container_end_page 781
container_issue 5
container_start_page 770
container_title Toxicology in vitro
container_volume 21
creator Steffens, Bradley W.
Batia, Lyn M.
Baarson, Chad J.
Choi, Chang-Kun Charles
Grow, Wade A.
description We studied the effect of the estrogenic pesticide methoxychlor (MXC) on skeletal muscle development using C2C12 cell culture. Myoblast cultures were exposed to various concentrations of MXC at various times during the process of myoblast fusion into myotubes. We observed that MXC exposure decreased myotube formation. In addition, we observed myoblasts with cytoplasmic vacuoles in cultures exposed to MXC. Because cytoplasmic vacuoles can be characteristic of cell death, apoptosis assays and trypan blue exclusion assays were performed. We found no difference in the frequency of apoptosis or in the frequency of cell death for cultures exposed to MXC and untreated cultures. Collectively, these results indicate that MXC exposure decreases myotube formation without causing cell death. In contrast, when cell proliferation was assessed, untreated cultures had a myoblast proliferation rate 50% greater than cultures exposed to MXC. We conclude that MXC decreases myotube formation at least in part by slowing myoblast proliferation. Furthermore, we suggest that direct exposure to MXC could affect skeletal muscle development in animals or humans, in addition to the defects in reproductive development that have previously been reported.
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.tiv.2007.01.007
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Myoblast cultures were exposed to various concentrations of MXC at various times during the process of myoblast fusion into myotubes. We observed that MXC exposure decreased myotube formation. In addition, we observed myoblasts with cytoplasmic vacuoles in cultures exposed to MXC. Because cytoplasmic vacuoles can be characteristic of cell death, apoptosis assays and trypan blue exclusion assays were performed. We found no difference in the frequency of apoptosis or in the frequency of cell death for cultures exposed to MXC and untreated cultures. Collectively, these results indicate that MXC exposure decreases myotube formation without causing cell death. In contrast, when cell proliferation was assessed, untreated cultures had a myoblast proliferation rate 50% greater than cultures exposed to MXC. We conclude that MXC decreases myotube formation at least in part by slowing myoblast proliferation. 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subjects Agrin - pharmacology
Animals
Apoptosis - drug effects
C2C12 muscle cells
Cell Line
Cell proliferation
Cell Proliferation - drug effects
Cell Survival - drug effects
Cells, Cultured
Depression, Chemical
Insecticides - toxicity
Methoxychlor
Methoxychlor - toxicity
Mice
Muscle Fibers, Skeletal - drug effects
Muscle Fibers, Skeletal - ultrastructure
Myoblasts
Myoblasts - drug effects
Myoblasts - ultrastructure
Myotubes
Receptors, Cholinergic - drug effects
Receptors, Cholinergic - metabolism
Trypan Blue
title The pesticide methoxychlor decreases myotube formation in cell culture by slowing myoblast proliferation
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