Low-Calorie Vegetarian Versus Mediterranean Diets for Reducing Body Weight and Improving Cardiovascular Risk Profile: CARDIVEG Study (Cardiovascular Prevention With Vegetarian Diet)

Low-Calorie Vegetarian Versus Mediterranean Diets for Reducing Body Weight and Improving Cardiovascular Risk Profile: CARDIVEG Study (Cardiovascular Prevention With Vegetarian Diet)

BACKGROUND:Only a few randomized dietary intervention studies that investigated the effects of lacto-ovo vegetarian diet (VD) in clinically healthy omnivorous subjects are available. METHODS:We randomly assigned to overweight omnivores with a low-to-moderate cardiovascular risk profile a low-calorie...

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Veröffentlicht in:Circulation (New York, N.Y.) N.Y.), 2018-03, Vol.137 (11), p.1103-1113
Hauptverfasser: Sofi, Francesco, Dinu, Monica, Pagliai, Giuditta, Cesari, Francesca, Gori, Anna Maria, Sereni, Alice, Becatti, Matteo, Fiorillo, Claudia, Marcucci, Rossella, Casini, Alessandro
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container_issue 11
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container_title Circulation (New York, N.Y.)
container_volume 137
creator Sofi, Francesco
Dinu, Monica
Pagliai, Giuditta
Cesari, Francesca
Gori, Anna Maria
Sereni, Alice
Becatti, Matteo
Fiorillo, Claudia
Marcucci, Rossella
Casini, Alessandro
description BACKGROUND:Only a few randomized dietary intervention studies that investigated the effects of lacto-ovo vegetarian diet (VD) in clinically healthy omnivorous subjects are available. METHODS:We randomly assigned to overweight omnivores with a low-to-moderate cardiovascular risk profile a low-calorie VD compared with a low-calorie Mediterranean diet (MD), each lasting 3 months, with a crossover design. The primary outcome was the difference in body weight, body mass index, and fat mass changes between the 2 groups. Secondary outcomes were differences in circulating cardiovascular disease risk parameters changes between the 2 groups. RESULTS:One hundred eighteen subjects (mean age51.1 years, females78%) were enrolled. The total participation rate at the end of the study was 84.7%. No differences between the 2 diets in body weight were observed, as reported by similar and significant reductions obtained by both VD (−1.88 kg) and MD (−1.77 kg). Similar results were observed for body mass index and fat mass. In contrast, significant differences between the 2 interventions were obtained for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and vitamin B12 levels. The difference between the VD and MD groups, in terms of end-of-diet values, was recorded at 9.10 mg/dL for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P=0.01), 12.70 mg/dL for triglycerides (P
doi_str_mv 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.030088
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METHODS:We randomly assigned to overweight omnivores with a low-to-moderate cardiovascular risk profile a low-calorie VD compared with a low-calorie Mediterranean diet (MD), each lasting 3 months, with a crossover design. The primary outcome was the difference in body weight, body mass index, and fat mass changes between the 2 groups. Secondary outcomes were differences in circulating cardiovascular disease risk parameters changes between the 2 groups. RESULTS:One hundred eighteen subjects (mean age51.1 years, females78%) were enrolled. The total participation rate at the end of the study was 84.7%. No differences between the 2 diets in body weight were observed, as reported by similar and significant reductions obtained by both VD (−1.88 kg) and MD (−1.77 kg). Similar results were observed for body mass index and fat mass. In contrast, significant differences between the 2 interventions were obtained for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and vitamin B12 levels. The difference between the VD and MD groups, in terms of end-of-diet values, was recorded at 9.10 mg/dL for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P=0.01), 12.70 mg/dL for triglycerides (P&lt;0.01), and 32.32 pg/mL for vitamin B12 (P&lt;0.01). Finally, no significant difference was found between VD and MD interventions in oxidative stress markers and inflammatory cytokines, except for interleukin-17, which improved only in the MD group. Forty-six participants during the VD period and 35 during the MD period reached the target values for ≥1 cardiovascular risk factor. CONCLUSIONS:Both VD and MD were effective in reducing body weight, body mass index, and fat mass, with no significant differences between them. However, VD was more effective in reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, whereas MD led to a greater reduction in triglyceride levels. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:URLhttps://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifierNCT02641834.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0009-7322</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1524-4539</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.030088</identifier><identifier>PMID: 29483085</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: by the American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American Heart Association, Inc</publisher><ispartof>Circulation (New York, N.Y.), 2018-03, Vol.137 (11), p.1103-1113</ispartof><rights>2018 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American Heart Association, Inc.</rights><rights>2018 American Heart Association, Inc.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c2363-6bd49e9f8cdb0b788ae621de42e04ac658b30277c79075b9c65ce335d01703a53</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3673,27903,27904</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29483085$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Sofi, Francesco</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dinu, Monica</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pagliai, Giuditta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cesari, Francesca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gori, Anna Maria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sereni, Alice</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Becatti, Matteo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fiorillo, Claudia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marcucci, Rossella</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Casini, Alessandro</creatorcontrib><title>Low-Calorie Vegetarian Versus Mediterranean Diets for Reducing Body Weight and Improving Cardiovascular Risk Profile: CARDIVEG Study (Cardiovascular Prevention With Vegetarian Diet)</title><title>Circulation (New York, N.Y.)</title><addtitle>Circulation</addtitle><description>BACKGROUND:Only a few randomized dietary intervention studies that investigated the effects of lacto-ovo vegetarian diet (VD) in clinically healthy omnivorous subjects are available. METHODS:We randomly assigned to overweight omnivores with a low-to-moderate cardiovascular risk profile a low-calorie VD compared with a low-calorie Mediterranean diet (MD), each lasting 3 months, with a crossover design. The primary outcome was the difference in body weight, body mass index, and fat mass changes between the 2 groups. Secondary outcomes were differences in circulating cardiovascular disease risk parameters changes between the 2 groups. RESULTS:One hundred eighteen subjects (mean age51.1 years, females78%) were enrolled. The total participation rate at the end of the study was 84.7%. No differences between the 2 diets in body weight were observed, as reported by similar and significant reductions obtained by both VD (−1.88 kg) and MD (−1.77 kg). Similar results were observed for body mass index and fat mass. In contrast, significant differences between the 2 interventions were obtained for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and vitamin B12 levels. The difference between the VD and MD groups, in terms of end-of-diet values, was recorded at 9.10 mg/dL for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P=0.01), 12.70 mg/dL for triglycerides (P&lt;0.01), and 32.32 pg/mL for vitamin B12 (P&lt;0.01). Finally, no significant difference was found between VD and MD interventions in oxidative stress markers and inflammatory cytokines, except for interleukin-17, which improved only in the MD group. Forty-six participants during the VD period and 35 during the MD period reached the target values for ≥1 cardiovascular risk factor. CONCLUSIONS:Both VD and MD were effective in reducing body weight, body mass index, and fat mass, with no significant differences between them. However, VD was more effective in reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, whereas MD led to a greater reduction in triglyceride levels. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:URLhttps://www.clinicaltrials.gov. 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METHODS:We randomly assigned to overweight omnivores with a low-to-moderate cardiovascular risk profile a low-calorie VD compared with a low-calorie Mediterranean diet (MD), each lasting 3 months, with a crossover design. The primary outcome was the difference in body weight, body mass index, and fat mass changes between the 2 groups. Secondary outcomes were differences in circulating cardiovascular disease risk parameters changes between the 2 groups. RESULTS:One hundred eighteen subjects (mean age51.1 years, females78%) were enrolled. The total participation rate at the end of the study was 84.7%. No differences between the 2 diets in body weight were observed, as reported by similar and significant reductions obtained by both VD (−1.88 kg) and MD (−1.77 kg). Similar results were observed for body mass index and fat mass. In contrast, significant differences between the 2 interventions were obtained for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and vitamin B12 levels. The difference between the VD and MD groups, in terms of end-of-diet values, was recorded at 9.10 mg/dL for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P=0.01), 12.70 mg/dL for triglycerides (P&lt;0.01), and 32.32 pg/mL for vitamin B12 (P&lt;0.01). Finally, no significant difference was found between VD and MD interventions in oxidative stress markers and inflammatory cytokines, except for interleukin-17, which improved only in the MD group. Forty-six participants during the VD period and 35 during the MD period reached the target values for ≥1 cardiovascular risk factor. CONCLUSIONS:Both VD and MD were effective in reducing body weight, body mass index, and fat mass, with no significant differences between them. However, VD was more effective in reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, whereas MD led to a greater reduction in triglyceride levels. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:URLhttps://www.clinicaltrials.gov. 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title Low-Calorie Vegetarian Versus Mediterranean Diets for Reducing Body Weight and Improving Cardiovascular Risk Profile: CARDIVEG Study (Cardiovascular Prevention With Vegetarian Diet)
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