Paper spray mass spectrometry for the direct, semi-quantitative measurement of fentanyl and norfentanyl in complex matrices
Fentanyl is a potent, synthetic opioid at the centre of an international health crisis that has seen thousands of fatal overdoses. Most analytical methods focus on the detection of fentanyl in blood and/or urine (i.e., post-drug use). Harm reduction (including pre-screening before drug use) may be a...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Clinical biochemistry 2018-04, Vol.54, p.106-111 |
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| container_title | Clinical biochemistry |
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| creator | Vandergrift, Gregory W. Hessels, Arden J. Palaty, Jan Krogh, Erik T. Gill, Chris G. |
| description | Fentanyl is a potent, synthetic opioid at the centre of an international health crisis that has seen thousands of fatal overdoses. Most analytical methods focus on the detection of fentanyl in blood and/or urine (i.e., post-drug use). Harm reduction (including pre-screening before drug use) may be an effective strategy against fentanyl overdoses.
Paper spray-mass spectrometry (PS-MS) is an inexpensive, direct sampling strategy where a small volume of sample ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2018.02.005 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2001917217</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><els_id>S0009912017311499</els_id><sourcerecordid>2001917217</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c403t-43490d34428cc835bd9b28dd028662873340bf83799934014659f86d46c7d7e23</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNkEtv1DAUhS0EotPCX0Bmx4IEvyaxl2jEo1IlWMDacuwb1aPYTm2nYsSfx9WUiiWr-9C59-h8CL2lpKeEDh-OvV18nHyytxB6RqjsCesJ2T9DOypH3jHF-XO0I4SoTlFGLtBlKcc2MiGHl-iCKcHZuJc79Pu7WSHjsmZzwsGU0lqwNacANZ_wnDKut4Cdz237HhcIvrvbTKy-murvAQcwZcsQIFacZjy3auJpwSY6HFN-mn3ENoV1gV_NpmZvobxCL2azFHj9WK_Qz8-ffhy-djffvlwfPt50VhBeO8GFIo4LwaS1ku8npyYmnSNMDgNrcbkg0yz5qJRqLRXDXs1ycGKwoxuB8Sv07vx3zelug1J18MXCspgIaSuaEUIVHRkdm1SdpTanUjLMes0-mHzSlOgH9vqo_2GvH9hrwnRj327fPNpsUwD3dPkXdhMczgJoYe89ZF2sh2jhTFe75P_D5g9uM5zO</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2001917217</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Paper spray mass spectrometry for the direct, semi-quantitative measurement of fentanyl and norfentanyl in complex matrices</title><source>Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals</source><creator>Vandergrift, Gregory W. ; Hessels, Arden J. ; Palaty, Jan ; Krogh, Erik T. ; Gill, Chris G.</creator><creatorcontrib>Vandergrift, Gregory W. ; Hessels, Arden J. ; Palaty, Jan ; Krogh, Erik T. ; Gill, Chris G.</creatorcontrib><description>Fentanyl is a potent, synthetic opioid at the centre of an international health crisis that has seen thousands of fatal overdoses. Most analytical methods focus on the detection of fentanyl in blood and/or urine (i.e., post-drug use). Harm reduction (including pre-screening before drug use) may be an effective strategy against fentanyl overdoses.
Paper spray-mass spectrometry (PS-MS) is an inexpensive, direct sampling strategy where a small volume of sample (<10 μL) is spotted onto a piece of paper that is then wetted and connected to high voltage. Ions are emitted from the paper and enter a mass spectrometer for sensitive and selective semi-quantitation using labeled internal standards.
We present the use of PS-MS for the direct measurement of fentanyl and norfentanyl using a custom PS interface, demonstrating that paper tip position and quality can significantly affect quantitative results. Furthermore, we observe comparable calibrations for fentanyl and norfentanyl (0.5 to 600 ng/mL) across a variety of complex matrices (methanol, diluted urine, analgesic slurry). Detection limits for fentanyl are as low as 0.049 ng/mL (0.4 pg total material) in methanol, and 0.66 ng/mL (5.3 pg total material) spiked in an analgesic slurry (illicit substance simulation). PS-MS was compared with liquid chromatography-MS for the analyses of real urine samples, with satisfactory results.
PS-MS shows potential as a sensitive and selective direct measurement strategy for use in fentanyl harm reduction strategies, and may also be used for pre-screening in advance of or in combination with more conventional (i.e., chromatographic) analyses.
[Display omitted]
•Direct fentanyl & norfentanyl measurements - paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS)•Paper positioning and quality of cut significantly affect quantitative results.•PS-MS calibration is comparable for methanol, urine, and analgesic slurry.•Semi-Quantitative PS-MS results are comparable to liquid chromatography MS assay.•PS-MS shows potential for direct measurements in opioid harm reduction strategies.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0009-9120</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-2933</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2018.02.005</identifier><identifier>PMID: 29432758</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Ambient ionization ; Fentanyl ; Norfentanyl ; Opioid harm reduction ; Paper spray ; Tandem mass spectrometry</subject><ispartof>Clinical biochemistry, 2018-04, Vol.54, p.106-111</ispartof><rights>2018 The Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists</rights><rights>Copyright © 2018 The Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c403t-43490d34428cc835bd9b28dd028662873340bf83799934014659f86d46c7d7e23</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c403t-43490d34428cc835bd9b28dd028662873340bf83799934014659f86d46c7d7e23</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009912017311499$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29432758$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Vandergrift, Gregory W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hessels, Arden J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Palaty, Jan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Krogh, Erik T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gill, Chris G.</creatorcontrib><title>Paper spray mass spectrometry for the direct, semi-quantitative measurement of fentanyl and norfentanyl in complex matrices</title><title>Clinical biochemistry</title><addtitle>Clin Biochem</addtitle><description>Fentanyl is a potent, synthetic opioid at the centre of an international health crisis that has seen thousands of fatal overdoses. Most analytical methods focus on the detection of fentanyl in blood and/or urine (i.e., post-drug use). Harm reduction (including pre-screening before drug use) may be an effective strategy against fentanyl overdoses.
Paper spray-mass spectrometry (PS-MS) is an inexpensive, direct sampling strategy where a small volume of sample (<10 μL) is spotted onto a piece of paper that is then wetted and connected to high voltage. Ions are emitted from the paper and enter a mass spectrometer for sensitive and selective semi-quantitation using labeled internal standards.
We present the use of PS-MS for the direct measurement of fentanyl and norfentanyl using a custom PS interface, demonstrating that paper tip position and quality can significantly affect quantitative results. Furthermore, we observe comparable calibrations for fentanyl and norfentanyl (0.5 to 600 ng/mL) across a variety of complex matrices (methanol, diluted urine, analgesic slurry). Detection limits for fentanyl are as low as 0.049 ng/mL (0.4 pg total material) in methanol, and 0.66 ng/mL (5.3 pg total material) spiked in an analgesic slurry (illicit substance simulation). PS-MS was compared with liquid chromatography-MS for the analyses of real urine samples, with satisfactory results.
PS-MS shows potential as a sensitive and selective direct measurement strategy for use in fentanyl harm reduction strategies, and may also be used for pre-screening in advance of or in combination with more conventional (i.e., chromatographic) analyses.
[Display omitted]
•Direct fentanyl & norfentanyl measurements - paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS)•Paper positioning and quality of cut significantly affect quantitative results.•PS-MS calibration is comparable for methanol, urine, and analgesic slurry.•Semi-Quantitative PS-MS results are comparable to liquid chromatography MS assay.•PS-MS shows potential for direct measurements in opioid harm reduction strategies.</description><subject>Ambient ionization</subject><subject>Fentanyl</subject><subject>Norfentanyl</subject><subject>Opioid harm reduction</subject><subject>Paper spray</subject><subject>Tandem mass spectrometry</subject><issn>0009-9120</issn><issn>1873-2933</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqNkEtv1DAUhS0EotPCX0Bmx4IEvyaxl2jEo1IlWMDacuwb1aPYTm2nYsSfx9WUiiWr-9C59-h8CL2lpKeEDh-OvV18nHyytxB6RqjsCesJ2T9DOypH3jHF-XO0I4SoTlFGLtBlKcc2MiGHl-iCKcHZuJc79Pu7WSHjsmZzwsGU0lqwNacANZ_wnDKut4Cdz237HhcIvrvbTKy-murvAQcwZcsQIFacZjy3auJpwSY6HFN-mn3ENoV1gV_NpmZvobxCL2azFHj9WK_Qz8-ffhy-djffvlwfPt50VhBeO8GFIo4LwaS1ku8npyYmnSNMDgNrcbkg0yz5qJRqLRXDXs1ycGKwoxuB8Sv07vx3zelug1J18MXCspgIaSuaEUIVHRkdm1SdpTanUjLMes0-mHzSlOgH9vqo_2GvH9hrwnRj327fPNpsUwD3dPkXdhMczgJoYe89ZF2sh2jhTFe75P_D5g9uM5zO</recordid><startdate>20180401</startdate><enddate>20180401</enddate><creator>Vandergrift, Gregory W.</creator><creator>Hessels, Arden J.</creator><creator>Palaty, Jan</creator><creator>Krogh, Erik T.</creator><creator>Gill, Chris G.</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20180401</creationdate><title>Paper spray mass spectrometry for the direct, semi-quantitative measurement of fentanyl and norfentanyl in complex matrices</title><author>Vandergrift, Gregory W. ; Hessels, Arden J. ; Palaty, Jan ; Krogh, Erik T. ; Gill, Chris G.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c403t-43490d34428cc835bd9b28dd028662873340bf83799934014659f86d46c7d7e23</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Ambient ionization</topic><topic>Fentanyl</topic><topic>Norfentanyl</topic><topic>Opioid harm reduction</topic><topic>Paper spray</topic><topic>Tandem mass spectrometry</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Vandergrift, Gregory W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hessels, Arden J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Palaty, Jan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Krogh, Erik T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gill, Chris G.</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Clinical biochemistry</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Vandergrift, Gregory W.</au><au>Hessels, Arden J.</au><au>Palaty, Jan</au><au>Krogh, Erik T.</au><au>Gill, Chris G.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Paper spray mass spectrometry for the direct, semi-quantitative measurement of fentanyl and norfentanyl in complex matrices</atitle><jtitle>Clinical biochemistry</jtitle><addtitle>Clin Biochem</addtitle><date>2018-04-01</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>54</volume><spage>106</spage><epage>111</epage><pages>106-111</pages><issn>0009-9120</issn><eissn>1873-2933</eissn><abstract>Fentanyl is a potent, synthetic opioid at the centre of an international health crisis that has seen thousands of fatal overdoses. Most analytical methods focus on the detection of fentanyl in blood and/or urine (i.e., post-drug use). Harm reduction (including pre-screening before drug use) may be an effective strategy against fentanyl overdoses.
Paper spray-mass spectrometry (PS-MS) is an inexpensive, direct sampling strategy where a small volume of sample (<10 μL) is spotted onto a piece of paper that is then wetted and connected to high voltage. Ions are emitted from the paper and enter a mass spectrometer for sensitive and selective semi-quantitation using labeled internal standards.
We present the use of PS-MS for the direct measurement of fentanyl and norfentanyl using a custom PS interface, demonstrating that paper tip position and quality can significantly affect quantitative results. Furthermore, we observe comparable calibrations for fentanyl and norfentanyl (0.5 to 600 ng/mL) across a variety of complex matrices (methanol, diluted urine, analgesic slurry). Detection limits for fentanyl are as low as 0.049 ng/mL (0.4 pg total material) in methanol, and 0.66 ng/mL (5.3 pg total material) spiked in an analgesic slurry (illicit substance simulation). PS-MS was compared with liquid chromatography-MS for the analyses of real urine samples, with satisfactory results.
PS-MS shows potential as a sensitive and selective direct measurement strategy for use in fentanyl harm reduction strategies, and may also be used for pre-screening in advance of or in combination with more conventional (i.e., chromatographic) analyses.
[Display omitted]
•Direct fentanyl & norfentanyl measurements - paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS)•Paper positioning and quality of cut significantly affect quantitative results.•PS-MS calibration is comparable for methanol, urine, and analgesic slurry.•Semi-Quantitative PS-MS results are comparable to liquid chromatography MS assay.•PS-MS shows potential for direct measurements in opioid harm reduction strategies.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>29432758</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2018.02.005</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
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| ispartof | Clinical biochemistry, 2018-04, Vol.54, p.106-111 |
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| language | eng |
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| source | Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals |
| subjects | Ambient ionization Fentanyl Norfentanyl Opioid harm reduction Paper spray Tandem mass spectrometry |
| title | Paper spray mass spectrometry for the direct, semi-quantitative measurement of fentanyl and norfentanyl in complex matrices |
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