Switchgrass nitrogen response and estimated production costs on diverse sites

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) has been the principal perennial herbaceous crop investigated for bioenergy production in North America given its high production potential, relatively low input requirements, and potential suitability for use on marginal lands. Few large trials have determined swit...

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Veröffentlicht in:Global Change Biology. Bioenergy 2017-10, Vol.9 (10), p.1526-1542
Hauptverfasser: Fike, John H., Pease, James W., Owens, Vance N., Farris, Rodney L., Hansen, Julie L., Heaton, Emily A., Hong, Chang O., Mayton, Hilary S., Mitchell, Robert B., Viands, Donald R.
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container_end_page 1542
container_issue 10
container_start_page 1526
container_title Global Change Biology. Bioenergy
container_volume 9
creator Fike, John H.
Pease, James W.
Owens, Vance N.
Farris, Rodney L.
Hansen, Julie L.
Heaton, Emily A.
Hong, Chang O.
Mayton, Hilary S.
Mitchell, Robert B.
Viands, Donald R.
description Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) has been the principal perennial herbaceous crop investigated for bioenergy production in North America given its high production potential, relatively low input requirements, and potential suitability for use on marginal lands. Few large trials have determined switchgrass yields at field scale on marginal lands, including analysis of production costs. Thus, a field‐scale study was conducted to develop realistic yield and cost estimates for diverse regions of the USA. Objectives included measuring switchgrass response to fertility treatments (0, 56, and 112 kg N ha−1) and generating corresponding estimates of production costs for sites with diverse soil and climatic conditions. Trials occurred in Iowa, New York, Oklahoma, South Dakota, and Virginia, USA. Cultivars and management practices were site specific, and field‐scale equipment was used for all management practices. Input costs were estimated using final harvest‐year (2015) prices, and equipment operation costs were estimated with the MachData model ($2015). Switchgrass yields generally were below those reported elsewhere, averaging 6.3 Mg ha−1 across sites and treatments. Establishment stand percent ranged from 28% to 76% and was linked to initial year production. No response to N was observed at any site in the first production year. In subsequent seasons, N generally increased yields on well‐drained soils; however, responses to N were nil or negative on less well‐drained soils. Greatest percent increases in response to 112 kg N ha−1 were 57% and 76% on well‐drained South Dakota and Virginia sites, where breakeven prices to justify N applications were over $70 and $63 Mg−1, respectively. For some sites, typically promoted N application rates may be economically unjustified; it remains unknown whether a bioenergy industry can support the breakeven prices estimated for sites where N inputs had positive effects on switchgrass yield. Biomass production is considered potentially beneficial for utilizing and conserving marginal lands and helping transitional rural economies. Our study tested switchgrass yield and economic responses to fertility on marginal soils in the USA. Switchgrass responded to nitrogen on this former tobacco land in Virginia (note tobacco barn in background), but fertility was not economically justified at all sites (photograph, John Fike).
doi_str_mv 10.1111/gcbb.12444
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Few large trials have determined switchgrass yields at field scale on marginal lands, including analysis of production costs. Thus, a field‐scale study was conducted to develop realistic yield and cost estimates for diverse regions of the USA. Objectives included measuring switchgrass response to fertility treatments (0, 56, and 112 kg N ha−1) and generating corresponding estimates of production costs for sites with diverse soil and climatic conditions. Trials occurred in Iowa, New York, Oklahoma, South Dakota, and Virginia, USA. Cultivars and management practices were site specific, and field‐scale equipment was used for all management practices. Input costs were estimated using final harvest‐year (2015) prices, and equipment operation costs were estimated with the MachData model ($2015). Switchgrass yields generally were below those reported elsewhere, averaging 6.3 Mg ha−1 across sites and treatments. 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Bioenergy</title><description>Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) has been the principal perennial herbaceous crop investigated for bioenergy production in North America given its high production potential, relatively low input requirements, and potential suitability for use on marginal lands. Few large trials have determined switchgrass yields at field scale on marginal lands, including analysis of production costs. Thus, a field‐scale study was conducted to develop realistic yield and cost estimates for diverse regions of the USA. Objectives included measuring switchgrass response to fertility treatments (0, 56, and 112 kg N ha−1) and generating corresponding estimates of production costs for sites with diverse soil and climatic conditions. Trials occurred in Iowa, New York, Oklahoma, South Dakota, and Virginia, USA. Cultivars and management practices were site specific, and field‐scale equipment was used for all management practices. 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subjects 09 BIOMASS FUELS
Agricultural production
bioenergy
bioenergy industry
biomass
Climatic conditions
climatic factors
Cost analysis
Cost estimates
crop yield
Cultivars
drainage
economics
energy crops
Equipment costs
Fertility
fertilizer rates
field scale
geographical variation
Industrial engineering
input costs
Iowa
Manufacturing engineering
marginal land
New York
Nitrogen
nitrogen fertilizers
Oklahoma
Panicum virgatum
prices
Production costs
Renewable energy
Seasons
Soil conditions
soil fertility
soil properties
South Dakota
Virginia
Yield
title Switchgrass nitrogen response and estimated production costs on diverse sites
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