Halo-Shaped Flowing Atmospheric Pressure Afterglow: A Heavenly Design for Simplified Sample Introduction and Improved Ionization in Ambient Mass Spectrometry
The flowing atmospheric-pressure afterglow (FAPA) is a promising new source for atmospheric-pressure, ambient desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. However, problems exist with reproducible sample introduction into the FAPA source. To overcome this limitation, a new FAPA geometry has been develop...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Analytical chemistry (Washington) 2013-08, Vol.85 (15), p.7512-7518 |
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| creator | Pfeuffer, Kevin P Schaper, J. Niklas Shelley, Jacob T Ray, Steven J Chan, George C.-Y Bings, Nicolas H Hieftje, Gary M |
| description | The flowing atmospheric-pressure afterglow (FAPA) is a promising new source for atmospheric-pressure, ambient desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. However, problems exist with reproducible sample introduction into the FAPA source. To overcome this limitation, a new FAPA geometry has been developed in which concentric tubular electrodes are utilized to form a halo-shaped discharge; this geometry has been termed the halo-FAPA or h-FAPA. With this new geometry, it is still possible to achieve direct desorption and ionization from a surface; however, sample introduction through the inner capillary is also possible and improves interaction between the sample material (solution, vapor, or aerosol) and the plasma to promote desorption and ionization. The h-FAPA operates with a helium gas flow of 0.60 L/min outer, 0.30 L/min inner, and applied current of 30 mA at 200 V for 6 W of power. In addition, separation of the discharge proper and sample material prevents perturbations to the plasma. Optical-emission characterization and gas rotational temperatures reveal that the temperature of the discharge is not significantly affected ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1021/ac401524x |
| format | Article |
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Niklas ; Shelley, Jacob T ; Ray, Steven J ; Chan, George C.-Y ; Bings, Nicolas H ; Hieftje, Gary M</creator><creatorcontrib>Pfeuffer, Kevin P ; Schaper, J. Niklas ; Shelley, Jacob T ; Ray, Steven J ; Chan, George C.-Y ; Bings, Nicolas H ; Hieftje, Gary M</creatorcontrib><description>The flowing atmospheric-pressure afterglow (FAPA) is a promising new source for atmospheric-pressure, ambient desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. However, problems exist with reproducible sample introduction into the FAPA source. To overcome this limitation, a new FAPA geometry has been developed in which concentric tubular electrodes are utilized to form a halo-shaped discharge; this geometry has been termed the halo-FAPA or h-FAPA. With this new geometry, it is still possible to achieve direct desorption and ionization from a surface; however, sample introduction through the inner capillary is also possible and improves interaction between the sample material (solution, vapor, or aerosol) and the plasma to promote desorption and ionization. The h-FAPA operates with a helium gas flow of 0.60 L/min outer, 0.30 L/min inner, and applied current of 30 mA at 200 V for 6 W of power. In addition, separation of the discharge proper and sample material prevents perturbations to the plasma. Optical-emission characterization and gas rotational temperatures reveal that the temperature of the discharge is not significantly affected (<3% change at 450 K) by water vapor during solution–aerosol sample introduction. The primary mass-spectral background species are protonated water clusters, and the primary analyte ions are protonated molecular ions (M + H+). Flexibility of the new ambient sampling source is demonstrated by coupling it with a laser ablation unit, a concentric nebulizer, and a droplet-on-demand system for sample introduction. A novel arrangement is also presented in which the central channel of the h-FAPA is used as the inlet to a mass spectrometer.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0003-2700</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1520-6882</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1520-6882</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1021/ac401524x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23808829</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ANCHAM</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Chemical Society</publisher><subject>Aerosols ; Afterglows ; Atmospheric Pressure ; Channels ; Desorption ; Discharge ; Electric Conductivity ; Electrodes ; Equipment Design ; Fluid dynamics ; Geometry ; helium ; Ionization ; Ions ; Mass spectrometry ; Mass Spectrometry - instrumentation ; Pharmaceutical Preparations - chemistry ; protons ; Sampling ; spectrometers ; temperature ; water vapor</subject><ispartof>Analytical chemistry (Washington), 2013-08, Vol.85 (15), p.7512-7518</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2013 American Chemical Society</rights><rights>Copyright American Chemical Society Aug 6, 2013</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a547t-6b351f4f45fe4a2309f776462e93dc133d940f129e7b07d9415d3f1f9320cfd43</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a547t-6b351f4f45fe4a2309f776462e93dc133d940f129e7b07d9415d3f1f9320cfd43</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/ac401524x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac401524x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,2752,27055,27903,27904,56716,56766</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23808829$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Pfeuffer, Kevin P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schaper, J. 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With this new geometry, it is still possible to achieve direct desorption and ionization from a surface; however, sample introduction through the inner capillary is also possible and improves interaction between the sample material (solution, vapor, or aerosol) and the plasma to promote desorption and ionization. The h-FAPA operates with a helium gas flow of 0.60 L/min outer, 0.30 L/min inner, and applied current of 30 mA at 200 V for 6 W of power. In addition, separation of the discharge proper and sample material prevents perturbations to the plasma. Optical-emission characterization and gas rotational temperatures reveal that the temperature of the discharge is not significantly affected (<3% change at 450 K) by water vapor during solution–aerosol sample introduction. The primary mass-spectral background species are protonated water clusters, and the primary analyte ions are protonated molecular ions (M + H+). Flexibility of the new ambient sampling source is demonstrated by coupling it with a laser ablation unit, a concentric nebulizer, and a droplet-on-demand system for sample introduction. A novel arrangement is also presented in which the central channel of the h-FAPA is used as the inlet to a mass spectrometer.</description><subject>Aerosols</subject><subject>Afterglows</subject><subject>Atmospheric Pressure</subject><subject>Channels</subject><subject>Desorption</subject><subject>Discharge</subject><subject>Electric Conductivity</subject><subject>Electrodes</subject><subject>Equipment Design</subject><subject>Fluid dynamics</subject><subject>Geometry</subject><subject>helium</subject><subject>Ionization</subject><subject>Ions</subject><subject>Mass spectrometry</subject><subject>Mass Spectrometry - instrumentation</subject><subject>Pharmaceutical Preparations - chemistry</subject><subject>protons</subject><subject>Sampling</subject><subject>spectrometers</subject><subject>temperature</subject><subject>water vapor</subject><issn>0003-2700</issn><issn>1520-6882</issn><issn>1520-6882</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqF0stu1DAUBmALgehQWPACyBJCgkXg-JoJu6hQZqQikAbWkSc5nrpK7NROCsO78K64TKkQLLo6tvX595WQpwxeM-DsjWklMMXl93tkkSsUernk98kCAETBS4Aj8iilCwDGgOmH5IiLJWRSLcjPlelDsTk3I3b0tA_fnN_RehpCGs8xupZ-jpjSHJHWdsK4y-ItrekKzRX6fk_fYXI7T22IdOOGsXfW5aCNyU2kaz_F0M3t5IKnxnd0PYwxXGWwDt79ML_Hnaf1sHXoJ_rRpEQ3I7Z52oBT3D8mD6zpEz65qcfk6-n7Lyer4uzTh_VJfVYYJcup0FuhmJVWKovScAGVLUstNcdKdC0ToqskWMYrLLdQ5g5TnbDMVoJDazspjsnLQ27e3uWMaWoGl1rse-MxzKnh-Sa5VkyVd1KmKy4EKMXvppIthebLUmf6_B96Eebo85mz4iAU1-w68NVBtTGkFNE2Y3SDifuGQXP9E5rbn5Dts5vEeTtgdyv_PH0GLw7AtOmv1f4L-gVJX7nd</recordid><startdate>20130806</startdate><enddate>20130806</enddate><creator>Pfeuffer, Kevin P</creator><creator>Schaper, J. 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Niklas</au><au>Shelley, Jacob T</au><au>Ray, Steven J</au><au>Chan, George C.-Y</au><au>Bings, Nicolas H</au><au>Hieftje, Gary M</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Halo-Shaped Flowing Atmospheric Pressure Afterglow: A Heavenly Design for Simplified Sample Introduction and Improved Ionization in Ambient Mass Spectrometry</atitle><jtitle>Analytical chemistry (Washington)</jtitle><addtitle>Anal. Chem</addtitle><date>2013-08-06</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>85</volume><issue>15</issue><spage>7512</spage><epage>7518</epage><pages>7512-7518</pages><issn>0003-2700</issn><issn>1520-6882</issn><eissn>1520-6882</eissn><coden>ANCHAM</coden><abstract>The flowing atmospheric-pressure afterglow (FAPA) is a promising new source for atmospheric-pressure, ambient desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. However, problems exist with reproducible sample introduction into the FAPA source. 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The primary mass-spectral background species are protonated water clusters, and the primary analyte ions are protonated molecular ions (M + H+). Flexibility of the new ambient sampling source is demonstrated by coupling it with a laser ablation unit, a concentric nebulizer, and a droplet-on-demand system for sample introduction. A novel arrangement is also presented in which the central channel of the h-FAPA is used as the inlet to a mass spectrometer.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>American Chemical Society</pub><pmid>23808829</pmid><doi>10.1021/ac401524x</doi><tpages>7</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Aerosols Afterglows Atmospheric Pressure Channels Desorption Discharge Electric Conductivity Electrodes Equipment Design Fluid dynamics Geometry helium Ionization Ions Mass spectrometry Mass Spectrometry - instrumentation Pharmaceutical Preparations - chemistry protons Sampling spectrometers temperature water vapor |
| title | Halo-Shaped Flowing Atmospheric Pressure Afterglow: A Heavenly Design for Simplified Sample Introduction and Improved Ionization in Ambient Mass Spectrometry |
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