Extraction of microalgal toxins by large-scale pumping of seawater in Spain and Norway, and isolation of okadaic acid and dinophysistoxin-2

Marine biotoxins from microalgae can accumulate in shellfish and lead to poisoning of human consumers as well as fish, marine mammals and sea birds. Toxicological assessment of the toxins and development of analytical methods require large amounts of high-purity toxins and their metabolites. Althoug...

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