Distal clavicle fracture radiography and treatment: a pictorial essay

Fractures of the distal clavicle represent 15–30% of all clavicle fractures. The local osseoligamentous anatomy and deforming forces result in increased risk of delayed union and nonunion than fractures in other parts of the clavicle. These factors also contribute to challenges in fracture repair. Understanding these injuries and their imaging features enhances care and ensures patients are directed to appropriate management. We review the anatomy of the distal clavicle and surrounding ligaments, options for radiographic evaluation, relevant classification systems, and current concepts in management. Illustrative examples of specialized views are provided. Pediatric acromioclavicular joint pseudosubluxation is also reviewed, with findings specific to that injury.