Abundance and characteristics of the recreational water quality indicator bacteria Escherichia coli and enterococci in gull faeces
Aims: To evaluate the numbers and selected phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of the faecal indicator bacteria Escherichia coli and enterococci in gull faeces at representative Great Lakes swimming beaches in the United States. Methods and Results: E. coli and enterococci were enumerated in gu...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of applied microbiology 2003-01, Vol.94 (5), p.865-878 |
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| container_title | Journal of applied microbiology |
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| creator | Fogarty, L.R. Haack, S.K. Wolcott, M.J. Whitman, R.L. |
| description | Aims: To evaluate the numbers and selected phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of the faecal indicator bacteria Escherichia coli and enterococci in gull faeces at representative Great Lakes swimming beaches in the United States.
Methods and Results: E. coli and enterococci were enumerated in gull faeces by membrane filtration. E. coli genotypes (rep‐PCR genomic profiles) and E. coli (Vitek® GNI+) and enterococci (API® rapid ID 32 Strep and resistance to streptomycin, gentamicin, vancomycin, tetracycline and ampicillin) phenotypes were determined for isolates obtained from gull faeces both early and late in the swimming season. Identical E. coli genotypes were obtained only from single gull faecal samples but most faecal samples yielded more than one genotype (median of eight genotypes for samples with 10 isolates). E. coli isolates from the same site that clustered at ≥85% similarity were from the same sampling date and shared phenotypic characteristics, and at this similarity level there was population overlap between the two geographically isolated beach sites. Enterococcus API® profiles varied with sampling date. Gull enterococci displayed wide variation in antibiotic resistance patterns, and high‐level resistance to some antibiotics.
Conclusions: Gull faeces could be a major contributor of E. coli (105–109 CFU g−1) and enterococci (104–108 CFU g−1) to Great Lakes recreational waters. E. coli and enterococci in gull faeces are highly variable with respect to their genotypic and phenotypic characteristics and may exhibit temporal or geographic trends in these features.
Significance and Impact of the Study: The high degree of variation in genotypic or phenotypic characteristics of E. coli or enterococci populations within gull hosts will require extensive sampling for adequate characterization, and will influence methods that use these characteristics to determine faecal contamination sources for recreational waters. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.01910.x |
| format | Article |
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Methods and Results: E. coli and enterococci were enumerated in gull faeces by membrane filtration. E. coli genotypes (rep‐PCR genomic profiles) and E. coli (Vitek® GNI+) and enterococci (API® rapid ID 32 Strep and resistance to streptomycin, gentamicin, vancomycin, tetracycline and ampicillin) phenotypes were determined for isolates obtained from gull faeces both early and late in the swimming season. Identical E. coli genotypes were obtained only from single gull faecal samples but most faecal samples yielded more than one genotype (median of eight genotypes for samples with 10 isolates). E. coli isolates from the same site that clustered at ≥85% similarity were from the same sampling date and shared phenotypic characteristics, and at this similarity level there was population overlap between the two geographically isolated beach sites. Enterococcus API® profiles varied with sampling date. Gull enterococci displayed wide variation in antibiotic resistance patterns, and high‐level resistance to some antibiotics.
Conclusions: Gull faeces could be a major contributor of E. coli (105–109 CFU g−1) and enterococci (104–108 CFU g−1) to Great Lakes recreational waters. E. coli and enterococci in gull faeces are highly variable with respect to their genotypic and phenotypic characteristics and may exhibit temporal or geographic trends in these features.
Significance and Impact of the Study: The high degree of variation in genotypic or phenotypic characteristics of E. coli or enterococci populations within gull hosts will require extensive sampling for adequate characterization, and will influence methods that use these characteristics to determine faecal contamination sources for recreational waters.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1364-5072</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1365-2672</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.01910.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 12694452</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JAMIFK</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science Ltd</publisher><subject>Animals ; Bacterial Typing Techniques - methods ; Bacteriology ; Biological and medical sciences ; Birds - microbiology ; Cluster Analysis ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; enterococci ; Enterococcus ; Enterococcus - classification ; Enterococcus - isolation & purification ; Environmental Monitoring - methods ; Escherichia coli ; Escherichia coli - classification ; Escherichia coli - isolation & purification ; faecal contamination ; Feces - microbiology ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Genotype ; gulls ; Microbiology ; Miscellaneous ; Phenotype ; Polymerase Chain Reaction - methods ; Swimming ; United States ; Water Microbiology ; Water Pollution ; water quality</subject><ispartof>Journal of applied microbiology, 2003-01, Vol.94 (5), p.865-878</ispartof><rights>2003 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Blackwell Science Ltd. 2003</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4530-15293b70ae0ae22da8cd92cfc7dc9a21b05f69817c76cf1f045f281190bf2b2d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4530-15293b70ae0ae22da8cd92cfc7dc9a21b05f69817c76cf1f045f281190bf2b2d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2672.2003.01910.x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2672.2003.01910.x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27924,27925,45574,45575</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=14716663$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12694452$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Fogarty, L.R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Haack, S.K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wolcott, M.J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Whitman, R.L.</creatorcontrib><title>Abundance and characteristics of the recreational water quality indicator bacteria Escherichia coli and enterococci in gull faeces</title><title>Journal of applied microbiology</title><addtitle>J Appl Microbiol</addtitle><description>Aims: To evaluate the numbers and selected phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of the faecal indicator bacteria Escherichia coli and enterococci in gull faeces at representative Great Lakes swimming beaches in the United States.
Methods and Results: E. coli and enterococci were enumerated in gull faeces by membrane filtration. E. coli genotypes (rep‐PCR genomic profiles) and E. coli (Vitek® GNI+) and enterococci (API® rapid ID 32 Strep and resistance to streptomycin, gentamicin, vancomycin, tetracycline and ampicillin) phenotypes were determined for isolates obtained from gull faeces both early and late in the swimming season. Identical E. coli genotypes were obtained only from single gull faecal samples but most faecal samples yielded more than one genotype (median of eight genotypes for samples with 10 isolates). E. coli isolates from the same site that clustered at ≥85% similarity were from the same sampling date and shared phenotypic characteristics, and at this similarity level there was population overlap between the two geographically isolated beach sites. Enterococcus API® profiles varied with sampling date. Gull enterococci displayed wide variation in antibiotic resistance patterns, and high‐level resistance to some antibiotics.
Conclusions: Gull faeces could be a major contributor of E. coli (105–109 CFU g−1) and enterococci (104–108 CFU g−1) to Great Lakes recreational waters. E. coli and enterococci in gull faeces are highly variable with respect to their genotypic and phenotypic characteristics and may exhibit temporal or geographic trends in these features.
Significance and Impact of the Study: The high degree of variation in genotypic or phenotypic characteristics of E. coli or enterococci populations within gull hosts will require extensive sampling for adequate characterization, and will influence methods that use these characteristics to determine faecal contamination sources for recreational waters.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Bacterial Typing Techniques - methods</subject><subject>Bacteriology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Birds - microbiology</subject><subject>Cluster Analysis</subject><subject>Drug Resistance, Bacterial</subject><subject>enterococci</subject><subject>Enterococcus</subject><subject>Enterococcus - classification</subject><subject>Enterococcus - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Environmental Monitoring - methods</subject><subject>Escherichia coli</subject><subject>Escherichia coli - classification</subject><subject>Escherichia coli - isolation & purification</subject><subject>faecal contamination</subject><subject>Feces - microbiology</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Genotype</subject><subject>gulls</subject><subject>Microbiology</subject><subject>Miscellaneous</subject><subject>Phenotype</subject><subject>Polymerase Chain Reaction - methods</subject><subject>Swimming</subject><subject>United States</subject><subject>Water Microbiology</subject><subject>Water Pollution</subject><subject>water quality</subject><issn>1364-5072</issn><issn>1365-2672</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2003</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkV9rFDEUxQdRbK1-BQmCvs2aP5PM5MGHpVSrVHzR53DnTuJmyU7aZIZ2X_3kZnaXFnwSAjlwfudyL6eqCKMrRhv1cbtiQsmaq5avOKViRZku3sOz6vzReH7QTS1py8-qVzlvKWWCSvWyOmNc6aaR_Lz6s-7ncYARLYFxILiBBDjZ5PPkMZPoyLSxJFlMFiYfRwjkHopP7mYIftoTPw4eYYqJ9McgkKuMmyJwUzTG4A-T7VjMiBHRlwz5PYdAHFi0-XX1wkHI9s3pv6h-fb76eXld3_z48vVyfVNjIwWtmeRa9C0FWx7nA3Q4aI4O2wE1cNZT6ZTuWIutQsccbaTjHWOa9o73fBAX1Yfj3NsU72abJ7PzGW0IMNo4Z8O05q2mooDv_gG3cU7l9Gy44Fp2HVug7ghhijkn68xt8jtIe8OoWUoyW7N0YZYuzFKSOZRkHkr07Wn-3O_s8BQ8tVKA9ycAMkJwqfTj8xPXtEwptezw6cjd-2D3_72A-bb-vijxF7WprrI</recordid><startdate>20030101</startdate><enddate>20030101</enddate><creator>Fogarty, L.R.</creator><creator>Haack, S.K.</creator><creator>Wolcott, M.J.</creator><creator>Whitman, R.L.</creator><general>Blackwell Science Ltd</general><general>Blackwell Science</general><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>L.G</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20030101</creationdate><title>Abundance and characteristics of the recreational water quality indicator bacteria Escherichia coli and enterococci in gull faeces</title><author>Fogarty, L.R. ; Haack, S.K. ; Wolcott, M.J. ; Whitman, R.L.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4530-15293b70ae0ae22da8cd92cfc7dc9a21b05f69817c76cf1f045f281190bf2b2d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2003</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Bacterial Typing Techniques - methods</topic><topic>Bacteriology</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Birds - microbiology</topic><topic>Cluster Analysis</topic><topic>Drug Resistance, Bacterial</topic><topic>enterococci</topic><topic>Enterococcus</topic><topic>Enterococcus - classification</topic><topic>Enterococcus - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Environmental Monitoring - methods</topic><topic>Escherichia coli</topic><topic>Escherichia coli - classification</topic><topic>Escherichia coli - isolation & purification</topic><topic>faecal contamination</topic><topic>Feces - microbiology</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Genotype</topic><topic>gulls</topic><topic>Microbiology</topic><topic>Miscellaneous</topic><topic>Phenotype</topic><topic>Polymerase Chain Reaction - methods</topic><topic>Swimming</topic><topic>United States</topic><topic>Water Microbiology</topic><topic>Water Pollution</topic><topic>water quality</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Fogarty, L.R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Haack, S.K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wolcott, M.J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Whitman, R.L.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><jtitle>Journal of applied microbiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Fogarty, L.R.</au><au>Haack, S.K.</au><au>Wolcott, M.J.</au><au>Whitman, R.L.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Abundance and characteristics of the recreational water quality indicator bacteria Escherichia coli and enterococci in gull faeces</atitle><jtitle>Journal of applied microbiology</jtitle><addtitle>J Appl Microbiol</addtitle><date>2003-01-01</date><risdate>2003</risdate><volume>94</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>865</spage><epage>878</epage><pages>865-878</pages><issn>1364-5072</issn><eissn>1365-2672</eissn><coden>JAMIFK</coden><abstract>Aims: To evaluate the numbers and selected phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of the faecal indicator bacteria Escherichia coli and enterococci in gull faeces at representative Great Lakes swimming beaches in the United States.
Methods and Results: E. coli and enterococci were enumerated in gull faeces by membrane filtration. E. coli genotypes (rep‐PCR genomic profiles) and E. coli (Vitek® GNI+) and enterococci (API® rapid ID 32 Strep and resistance to streptomycin, gentamicin, vancomycin, tetracycline and ampicillin) phenotypes were determined for isolates obtained from gull faeces both early and late in the swimming season. Identical E. coli genotypes were obtained only from single gull faecal samples but most faecal samples yielded more than one genotype (median of eight genotypes for samples with 10 isolates). E. coli isolates from the same site that clustered at ≥85% similarity were from the same sampling date and shared phenotypic characteristics, and at this similarity level there was population overlap between the two geographically isolated beach sites. Enterococcus API® profiles varied with sampling date. Gull enterococci displayed wide variation in antibiotic resistance patterns, and high‐level resistance to some antibiotics.
Conclusions: Gull faeces could be a major contributor of E. coli (105–109 CFU g−1) and enterococci (104–108 CFU g−1) to Great Lakes recreational waters. E. coli and enterococci in gull faeces are highly variable with respect to their genotypic and phenotypic characteristics and may exhibit temporal or geographic trends in these features.
Significance and Impact of the Study: The high degree of variation in genotypic or phenotypic characteristics of E. coli or enterococci populations within gull hosts will require extensive sampling for adequate characterization, and will influence methods that use these characteristics to determine faecal contamination sources for recreational waters.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Blackwell Science Ltd</pub><pmid>12694452</pmid><doi>10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.01910.x</doi><tpages>14</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Animals Bacterial Typing Techniques - methods Bacteriology Biological and medical sciences Birds - microbiology Cluster Analysis Drug Resistance, Bacterial enterococci Enterococcus Enterococcus - classification Enterococcus - isolation & purification Environmental Monitoring - methods Escherichia coli Escherichia coli - classification Escherichia coli - isolation & purification faecal contamination Feces - microbiology Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Genotype gulls Microbiology Miscellaneous Phenotype Polymerase Chain Reaction - methods Swimming United States Water Microbiology Water Pollution water quality |
| title | Abundance and characteristics of the recreational water quality indicator bacteria Escherichia coli and enterococci in gull faeces |
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