The role of cytokines in hepatocellular carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a frequent malignancy worldwide with a high rate of metastasis. The hepatitis B and C viruses are considered major etiological factors associated with the development of HCC, particularly as a result of their induction of chronic inflammation. There is increasing ev...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of leukocyte biology 2006-12, Vol.80 (6), p.1197-1213 |
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description | Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a frequent malignancy worldwide with a high rate of metastasis. The hepatitis B and C viruses are considered major etiological factors associated with the development of HCC, particularly as a result of their induction of chronic inflammation. There is increasing evidence that the inflammatory process is inherently associated with many different cancer types, including HCC. Specifically, this review aims to cover evidence for the potential roles of cytokines, an important component of the immune system, in promoting HCC carcinogenesis and progression. A global summary of cytokine levels, functions, polymorphisms, and therapies with regard to HCC is presented. In particular, the role of proinflammatory Th1 and anti‐inflammatory Th2 cytokine imbalances in the microenvironment of HCC patients with metastasis and the possible clinical significance of these findings are addressed. Overall, multiple studies, spanning many decades, have begun to elucidate the important role of cytokines in HCC. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1189/jlb.0506297 |
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The hepatitis B and C viruses are considered major etiological factors associated with the development of HCC, particularly as a result of their induction of chronic inflammation. There is increasing evidence that the inflammatory process is inherently associated with many different cancer types, including HCC. Specifically, this review aims to cover evidence for the potential roles of cytokines, an important component of the immune system, in promoting HCC carcinogenesis and progression. A global summary of cytokine levels, functions, polymorphisms, and therapies with regard to HCC is presented. In particular, the role of proinflammatory Th1 and anti‐inflammatory Th2 cytokine imbalances in the microenvironment of HCC patients with metastasis and the possible clinical significance of these findings are addressed. 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The hepatitis B and C viruses are considered major etiological factors associated with the development of HCC, particularly as a result of their induction of chronic inflammation. There is increasing evidence that the inflammatory process is inherently associated with many different cancer types, including HCC. Specifically, this review aims to cover evidence for the potential roles of cytokines, an important component of the immune system, in promoting HCC carcinogenesis and progression. A global summary of cytokine levels, functions, polymorphisms, and therapies with regard to HCC is presented. In particular, the role of proinflammatory Th1 and anti‐inflammatory Th2 cytokine imbalances in the microenvironment of HCC patients with metastasis and the possible clinical significance of these findings are addressed. Overall, multiple studies, spanning many decades, have begun to elucidate the important role of cytokines in HCC.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - etiology</subject><subject>Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - genetics</subject><subject>Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - immunology</subject><subject>Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - pathology</subject><subject>Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - therapy</subject><subject>Cell Transformation, Neoplastic - immunology</subject><subject>Cytokines - genetics</subject><subject>Cytokines - immunology</subject><subject>hepatitis</subject><subject>Hepatitis B - complications</subject><subject>Hepatitis B - immunology</subject><subject>Hepatitis B - pathology</subject><subject>Hepatitis C - complications</subject><subject>Hepatitis C - immunology</subject><subject>Hepatitis C - pathology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>immune</subject><subject>inflammation</subject><subject>Inflammation - complications</subject><subject>Inflammation - immunology</subject><subject>Inflammation - pathology</subject><subject>liver</subject><subject>Liver Neoplasms - etiology</subject><subject>Liver Neoplasms - genetics</subject><subject>Liver Neoplasms - immunology</subject><subject>Liver Neoplasms - pathology</subject><subject>Liver Neoplasms - therapy</subject><subject>metastasis</subject><subject>Neoplasm Metastasis</subject><subject>Th1 Cells - immunology</subject><subject>Th2 Cells - immunology</subject><issn>0741-5400</issn><issn>1938-3673</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2006</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kDtPwzAURi0EoqUwsaNMLCjl3thx7BEqnqrEUmYrD4ekOHGxG0X996RtJDamuxyd--kQco0wRxTyfm2yOcTAI5mckClKKkLKE3pKppAwDGMGMCEX3q8BgEYczskEuWQcUE4JriodOGt0YMsg323td91qH9RtUOlNurW5NqYzqQvy1OV1a5v0kpyVqfH6arwz8vn8tFq8hsuPl7fFwzLMmaRJWEgtMymzIpOUijihZYRMsiSilBcciyiisZalpgAomCxYGZdUZFGCJdMCJJ2R26N34-xPp_1WNbXfz0lbbTuvUIo45igG8O4I5s5673SpNq5uUrdTCGpfSA2F1FhooG9GbZc1uvhjxyQDAEegr43e_edS78tHxINznFrVX1VfO618kxozfIhU3_cCFFcH8BewQ3tb</recordid><startdate>200612</startdate><enddate>200612</enddate><creator>Budhu, Anuradha</creator><creator>Wang, Xin Wei</creator><general>Society for Leukocyte Biology</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>H94</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200612</creationdate><title>The role of cytokines in hepatocellular carcinoma</title><author>Budhu, Anuradha ; Wang, Xin Wei</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4937-d9e9b99bdb9338573f2149472336d61d2235e9fe3001849d4f5f38b271f4e8093</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2006</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - etiology</topic><topic>Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - genetics</topic><topic>Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - immunology</topic><topic>Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - pathology</topic><topic>Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - therapy</topic><topic>Cell Transformation, Neoplastic - immunology</topic><topic>Cytokines - genetics</topic><topic>Cytokines - immunology</topic><topic>hepatitis</topic><topic>Hepatitis B - complications</topic><topic>Hepatitis B - immunology</topic><topic>Hepatitis B - pathology</topic><topic>Hepatitis C - complications</topic><topic>Hepatitis C - immunology</topic><topic>Hepatitis C - pathology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>immune</topic><topic>inflammation</topic><topic>Inflammation - complications</topic><topic>Inflammation - immunology</topic><topic>Inflammation - pathology</topic><topic>liver</topic><topic>Liver Neoplasms - etiology</topic><topic>Liver Neoplasms - genetics</topic><topic>Liver Neoplasms - immunology</topic><topic>Liver Neoplasms - pathology</topic><topic>Liver Neoplasms - therapy</topic><topic>metastasis</topic><topic>Neoplasm Metastasis</topic><topic>Th1 Cells - immunology</topic><topic>Th2 Cells - immunology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Budhu, Anuradha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Xin Wei</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Journal of leukocyte biology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Budhu, Anuradha</au><au>Wang, Xin Wei</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The role of cytokines in hepatocellular carcinoma</atitle><jtitle>Journal of leukocyte biology</jtitle><addtitle>J Leukoc Biol</addtitle><date>2006-12</date><risdate>2006</risdate><volume>80</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>1197</spage><epage>1213</epage><pages>1197-1213</pages><issn>0741-5400</issn><eissn>1938-3673</eissn><abstract>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a frequent malignancy worldwide with a high rate of metastasis. 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source | MEDLINE; Access via Wiley Online Library; Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current); EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals |
subjects | Animals Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - etiology Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - genetics Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - immunology Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - pathology Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - therapy Cell Transformation, Neoplastic - immunology Cytokines - genetics Cytokines - immunology hepatitis Hepatitis B - complications Hepatitis B - immunology Hepatitis B - pathology Hepatitis C - complications Hepatitis C - immunology Hepatitis C - pathology Humans immune inflammation Inflammation - complications Inflammation - immunology Inflammation - pathology liver Liver Neoplasms - etiology Liver Neoplasms - genetics Liver Neoplasms - immunology Liver Neoplasms - pathology Liver Neoplasms - therapy metastasis Neoplasm Metastasis Th1 Cells - immunology Th2 Cells - immunology |
title | The role of cytokines in hepatocellular carcinoma |
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