Understanding the Role of Iron Chlorides in the De Novo Synthesis of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins/Dibenzofurans
The formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) was investigated for mixtures of carbon black and iron chloride supported on a ceramic glass powder matrix in a low (2%) oxygen environment. Three iron chloride types (iron(II) chloride tetrahydrate, iron(III) chloride hex...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental science & technology 2004-03, Vol.38 (6), p.1708-1717 |
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| container_title | Environmental science & technology |
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| creator | Ryan, Shawn P Altwicker, Elmar R |
| description | The formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) was investigated for mixtures of carbon black and iron chloride supported on a ceramic glass powder matrix in a low (2%) oxygen environment. Three iron chloride types (iron(II) chloride tetrahydrate, iron(III) chloride hexahydrate, and iron(III) oxychloride) were studied to gain some insights into their role in de novo formation. The importance of iron(II) and iron(III) chlorides both as chlorinating agents and promoters of low-temperature carbon gasification was observed. Iron(III) oxychloride was shown to be a very effective promoter at 325 °C and above; its conversion to iron(III) chloride was suggested as a key step. The predominant product was octachlorodibenzofuran. The oxide support matrix was found to be an important parameter. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1021/es034561c |
| format | Article |
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Three iron chloride types (iron(II) chloride tetrahydrate, iron(III) chloride hexahydrate, and iron(III) oxychloride) were studied to gain some insights into their role in de novo formation. The importance of iron(II) and iron(III) chlorides both as chlorinating agents and promoters of low-temperature carbon gasification was observed. Iron(III) oxychloride was shown to be a very effective promoter at 325 °C and above; its conversion to iron(III) chloride was suggested as a key step. The predominant product was octachlorodibenzofuran. The oxide support matrix was found to be an important parameter.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0013-936X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1520-5851</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1021/es034561c</identifier><identifier>PMID: 15074679</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ESTHAG</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: American Chemical Society</publisher><subject>Applied sciences ; Atmospheric pollution ; Benzofurans - chemistry ; Chlorides - chemistry ; Chlorobenzenes - chemistry ; Dioxins - chemistry ; Environmental Pollutants ; Exact sciences and technology ; Iron Compounds - chemistry ; Pollutants physicochemistry study: properties, effects, reactions, transport and distribution ; Pollution ; Temperature</subject><ispartof>Environmental science & technology, 2004-03, Vol.38 (6), p.1708-1717</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2004 American Chemical Society</rights><rights>2004 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a513t-c2d2a99ae991ac9044cedb25a02599b72ebb50fcae8892dc9e1defdeb48adfde3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a513t-c2d2a99ae991ac9044cedb25a02599b72ebb50fcae8892dc9e1defdeb48adfde3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/es034561c$$EPDF$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es034561c$$EHTML$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,2752,27053,27901,27902,56713,56763</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=15684976$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15074679$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ryan, Shawn P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Altwicker, Elmar R</creatorcontrib><title>Understanding the Role of Iron Chlorides in the De Novo Synthesis of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins/Dibenzofurans</title><title>Environmental science & technology</title><addtitle>Environ. Sci. Technol</addtitle><description>The formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) was investigated for mixtures of carbon black and iron chloride supported on a ceramic glass powder matrix in a low (2%) oxygen environment. Three iron chloride types (iron(II) chloride tetrahydrate, iron(III) chloride hexahydrate, and iron(III) oxychloride) were studied to gain some insights into their role in de novo formation. The importance of iron(II) and iron(III) chlorides both as chlorinating agents and promoters of low-temperature carbon gasification was observed. Iron(III) oxychloride was shown to be a very effective promoter at 325 °C and above; its conversion to iron(III) chloride was suggested as a key step. The predominant product was octachlorodibenzofuran. The oxide support matrix was found to be an important parameter.</description><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Atmospheric pollution</subject><subject>Benzofurans - chemistry</subject><subject>Chlorides - chemistry</subject><subject>Chlorobenzenes - chemistry</subject><subject>Dioxins - chemistry</subject><subject>Environmental Pollutants</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Iron Compounds - chemistry</subject><subject>Pollutants physicochemistry study: properties, effects, reactions, transport and distribution</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>Temperature</subject><issn>0013-936X</issn><issn>1520-5851</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2004</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpt0M1u1DAUBWALgehQuuAFkDcgdRFqO3EcL9H0h0oVVLRVERvLsW-oS8YefBPU4elJO1HLgtWVfT8d2YeQN5x94EzwA0BWVrLm7hlZcClYIRvJn5MFY7wsdFl_2yGvEG8ZY6JkzUuywyVTVa30ggxX0UPGwUYf4g863AD9mnqgqaOnOUW6vOlTDh6QhviwPQT6Of1O9GITpyMGvKfnqd-4BxntAJ4ehhbin1SsCx_SXYh4MN90Y7YRX5MXne0R9ua5S66Ojy6Xn4qzLyeny49nhZW8HAonvLBaW9CaW6dZVTnwrZCWCal1qwS0rWSds9A0WningXvoPLRVY_00y13yfpu7zunXCDiYVUAHfW8jpBEN1w0XqmYT3N9ClxNihs6sc1jZvDGcmfuKzWPFk307h47tCvyTnDudwLsZWHS276Yfu4D_uLqptKonV2xdwAHuHvc2_zS1KpU0l-cX5lhdV_x7rczJU651aG7TmOPU3X8e-BfoSaF_</recordid><startdate>20040315</startdate><enddate>20040315</enddate><creator>Ryan, Shawn P</creator><creator>Altwicker, Elmar R</creator><general>American Chemical Society</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>C1K</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20040315</creationdate><title>Understanding the Role of Iron Chlorides in the De Novo Synthesis of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins/Dibenzofurans</title><author>Ryan, Shawn P ; Altwicker, Elmar R</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a513t-c2d2a99ae991ac9044cedb25a02599b72ebb50fcae8892dc9e1defdeb48adfde3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2004</creationdate><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Atmospheric pollution</topic><topic>Benzofurans - chemistry</topic><topic>Chlorides - chemistry</topic><topic>Chlorobenzenes - chemistry</topic><topic>Dioxins - chemistry</topic><topic>Environmental Pollutants</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Iron Compounds - chemistry</topic><topic>Pollutants physicochemistry study: properties, effects, reactions, transport and distribution</topic><topic>Pollution</topic><topic>Temperature</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ryan, Shawn P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Altwicker, Elmar R</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><jtitle>Environmental science & technology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ryan, Shawn P</au><au>Altwicker, Elmar R</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Understanding the Role of Iron Chlorides in the De Novo Synthesis of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins/Dibenzofurans</atitle><jtitle>Environmental science & technology</jtitle><addtitle>Environ. Sci. Technol</addtitle><date>2004-03-15</date><risdate>2004</risdate><volume>38</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>1708</spage><epage>1717</epage><pages>1708-1717</pages><issn>0013-936X</issn><eissn>1520-5851</eissn><coden>ESTHAG</coden><abstract>The formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) was investigated for mixtures of carbon black and iron chloride supported on a ceramic glass powder matrix in a low (2%) oxygen environment. Three iron chloride types (iron(II) chloride tetrahydrate, iron(III) chloride hexahydrate, and iron(III) oxychloride) were studied to gain some insights into their role in de novo formation. The importance of iron(II) and iron(III) chlorides both as chlorinating agents and promoters of low-temperature carbon gasification was observed. Iron(III) oxychloride was shown to be a very effective promoter at 325 °C and above; its conversion to iron(III) chloride was suggested as a key step. The predominant product was octachlorodibenzofuran. The oxide support matrix was found to be an important parameter.</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>American Chemical Society</pub><pmid>15074679</pmid><doi>10.1021/es034561c</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Environmental science & technology, 2004-03, Vol.38 (6), p.1708-1717 |
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| source | ACS Publications; MEDLINE |
| subjects | Applied sciences Atmospheric pollution Benzofurans - chemistry Chlorides - chemistry Chlorobenzenes - chemistry Dioxins - chemistry Environmental Pollutants Exact sciences and technology Iron Compounds - chemistry Pollutants physicochemistry study: properties, effects, reactions, transport and distribution Pollution Temperature |
| title | Understanding the Role of Iron Chlorides in the De Novo Synthesis of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins/Dibenzofurans |
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