Clinical and Biochemical Outcomes Following EEG Neurofeedback Training in Traumatic Brain Injury in the Context of Spontaneous Recovery
It has been found that reduction of posttraumatic stress symptoms is positively associated with the reduction of postconcussive symptoms. Cortisol is commonly used as a biomarker of stress. Understanding the role of posttraumatic stress and cortisol in symptom reduction has implication for neuropsyc...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Clinical EEG and neuroscience 2018-11, Vol.49 (6), p.433-440 |
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| creator | Bennett, Cathlyn N. Gupta, Rajnish K. Prabhakar, Puttachandra Christopher, Rita Sampath, Somanna Thennarasu, K. Rajeswaran, Jamuna |
| description | It has been found that reduction of posttraumatic stress symptoms is positively associated with the reduction of postconcussive symptoms. Cortisol is commonly used as a biomarker of stress. Understanding the role of posttraumatic stress and cortisol in symptom reduction has implication for neuropsychological rehabilitation particularly in the context of spontaneous recovery. Objective. The aim of the research was to study the effectiveness of EEG neurofeedback training on clinical symptoms, perceived stress, and cortisol in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients in the context of spontaneous recovery. Methods. The design was an experimental longitudinal design with the pre-post comparison. The sample comprised 60 patients with the diagnosis of TBI—30 patients in the neurofeedback training (NFT) group and 30 patients in the treatment as usual group (TAU) group. Half of the patients were recruited within 6 months of injury to study the role of spontaneous recovery and the other half were recruited in the 12 to 18 months postinjury phase. Alpha-theta training was given to the NFT group over 20 sessions. Pre and post comparisons were made on clinical symptom rating, perceived stress, and serum cortisol levels. Results. The results indicate significant differences in symptom reporting and perceived stress between the NFT and TAU groups. Significant differences were also seen in cortisol levels with implications for the acute recovery phase. Conclusion. Alpha-theta NFT has a beneficial effect on symptom reduction as well as perceived stress. It also has a beneficial effect on levels of serum cortisol, corroborating these findings. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1177/1550059417744899 |
| format | Article |
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Cortisol is commonly used as a biomarker of stress. Understanding the role of posttraumatic stress and cortisol in symptom reduction has implication for neuropsychological rehabilitation particularly in the context of spontaneous recovery. Objective. The aim of the research was to study the effectiveness of EEG neurofeedback training on clinical symptoms, perceived stress, and cortisol in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients in the context of spontaneous recovery. Methods. The design was an experimental longitudinal design with the pre-post comparison. The sample comprised 60 patients with the diagnosis of TBI—30 patients in the neurofeedback training (NFT) group and 30 patients in the treatment as usual group (TAU) group. Half of the patients were recruited within 6 months of injury to study the role of spontaneous recovery and the other half were recruited in the 12 to 18 months postinjury phase. Alpha-theta training was given to the NFT group over 20 sessions. Pre and post comparisons were made on clinical symptom rating, perceived stress, and serum cortisol levels. Results. The results indicate significant differences in symptom reporting and perceived stress between the NFT and TAU groups. Significant differences were also seen in cortisol levels with implications for the acute recovery phase. Conclusion. Alpha-theta NFT has a beneficial effect on symptom reduction as well as perceived stress. It also has a beneficial effect on levels of serum cortisol, corroborating these findings.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1550-0594</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2169-5202</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1177/1550059417744899</identifier><identifier>PMID: 29268620</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Authorship ; Biofeedback ; Bioindicators ; Brain ; Brain Injuries, Traumatic - physiopathology ; Brain Injuries, Traumatic - therapy ; Brain research ; EEG ; Electroencephalography ; Electroencephalography - methods ; Feedback ; Female ; Growth factors ; Head injuries ; Hormones ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone - blood ; Intervention ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neurofeedback - methods ; Patients ; Post traumatic stress disorder ; Post-Concussion Syndrome - physiopathology ; Post-Concussion Syndrome - therapy ; Recovery (Medical) ; Rehabilitation ; Spontaneous recovery ; Stress ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - physiopathology ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - therapy ; Studies ; Tau protein ; Traumatic brain injury ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Clinical EEG and neuroscience, 2018-11, Vol.49 (6), p.433-440</ispartof><rights>EEG and Clinical Neuroscience Society (ECNS) 2017</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c365t-bde94fb692f034c827c5373bf422af8948721d90c4d54d91d2aa27ea03c621da3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c365t-bde94fb692f034c827c5373bf422af8948721d90c4d54d91d2aa27ea03c621da3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1550059417744899$$EPDF$$P50$$Gsage$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1550059417744899$$EHTML$$P50$$Gsage$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,21798,27901,27902,43597,43598</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29268620$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Bennett, Cathlyn N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gupta, Rajnish K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Prabhakar, Puttachandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Christopher, Rita</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sampath, Somanna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thennarasu, K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rajeswaran, Jamuna</creatorcontrib><title>Clinical and Biochemical Outcomes Following EEG Neurofeedback Training in Traumatic Brain Injury in the Context of Spontaneous Recovery</title><title>Clinical EEG and neuroscience</title><addtitle>Clin EEG Neurosci</addtitle><description>It has been found that reduction of posttraumatic stress symptoms is positively associated with the reduction of postconcussive symptoms. Cortisol is commonly used as a biomarker of stress. Understanding the role of posttraumatic stress and cortisol in symptom reduction has implication for neuropsychological rehabilitation particularly in the context of spontaneous recovery. Objective. The aim of the research was to study the effectiveness of EEG neurofeedback training on clinical symptoms, perceived stress, and cortisol in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients in the context of spontaneous recovery. Methods. The design was an experimental longitudinal design with the pre-post comparison. The sample comprised 60 patients with the diagnosis of TBI—30 patients in the neurofeedback training (NFT) group and 30 patients in the treatment as usual group (TAU) group. Half of the patients were recruited within 6 months of injury to study the role of spontaneous recovery and the other half were recruited in the 12 to 18 months postinjury phase. Alpha-theta training was given to the NFT group over 20 sessions. Pre and post comparisons were made on clinical symptom rating, perceived stress, and serum cortisol levels. Results. The results indicate significant differences in symptom reporting and perceived stress between the NFT and TAU groups. Significant differences were also seen in cortisol levels with implications for the acute recovery phase. Conclusion. Alpha-theta NFT has a beneficial effect on symptom reduction as well as perceived stress. It also has a beneficial effect on levels of serum cortisol, corroborating these findings.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Authorship</subject><subject>Biofeedback</subject><subject>Bioindicators</subject><subject>Brain</subject><subject>Brain Injuries, Traumatic - physiopathology</subject><subject>Brain Injuries, Traumatic - therapy</subject><subject>Brain research</subject><subject>EEG</subject><subject>Electroencephalography</subject><subject>Electroencephalography - methods</subject><subject>Feedback</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Growth factors</subject><subject>Head injuries</subject><subject>Hormones</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hydrocortisone - blood</subject><subject>Intervention</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Neurofeedback - methods</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Post traumatic stress disorder</subject><subject>Post-Concussion Syndrome - physiopathology</subject><subject>Post-Concussion Syndrome - therapy</subject><subject>Recovery (Medical)</subject><subject>Rehabilitation</subject><subject>Spontaneous recovery</subject><subject>Stress</subject><subject>Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - physiopathology</subject><subject>Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - therapy</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Tau protein</subject><subject>Traumatic brain injury</subject><subject>Treatment Outcome</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1550-0594</issn><issn>2169-5202</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp1UctKxDAUDaLoOLp3JQE3bqp5ts1Sh_EBoqDjuqTprXZsmzFp1fkCf9vU8QGCq5zkPO4lB6E9So4oTZJjKiUhUomAhUiVWkMjRmMVSUbYOhoNdDTwW2jb-zkhPGZcbKItplicxoyM0PukrtrK6BrrtsCnlTWP0Hzeb_rO2AY8PrN1bV-r9gFPp-f4GnpnS4Ai1-YJz5wO9kBV7YD7RneVwafDK75s571bDkz3CHhi2w7eOmxLfLcIWLdge49vwdgXcMsdtFHq2sPu1zlG92fT2eQiuro5v5ycXEWGx7KL8gKUKPNYsZJwYVKWGMkTnpeCMV2mSqQJo4UiRhRSFIoWTGuWgCbcxIHQfIwOV7kLZ5978F3WVN5AXa_2yahKlIqlUCJID_5I57Z3bdguYzR8rUwU5UFFVirjrPcOymzhqka7ZUZJNpSU_S0pWPa_gvu8geLH8N1KEEQrgdcP8Dv138APlN2Zxg</recordid><startdate>201811</startdate><enddate>201811</enddate><creator>Bennett, Cathlyn N.</creator><creator>Gupta, Rajnish K.</creator><creator>Prabhakar, Puttachandra</creator><creator>Christopher, Rita</creator><creator>Sampath, Somanna</creator><creator>Thennarasu, K.</creator><creator>Rajeswaran, Jamuna</creator><general>SAGE Publications</general><general>SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>4T-</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201811</creationdate><title>Clinical and Biochemical Outcomes Following EEG Neurofeedback Training in Traumatic Brain Injury in the Context of Spontaneous Recovery</title><author>Bennett, Cathlyn N. ; 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Cortisol is commonly used as a biomarker of stress. Understanding the role of posttraumatic stress and cortisol in symptom reduction has implication for neuropsychological rehabilitation particularly in the context of spontaneous recovery. Objective. The aim of the research was to study the effectiveness of EEG neurofeedback training on clinical symptoms, perceived stress, and cortisol in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients in the context of spontaneous recovery. Methods. The design was an experimental longitudinal design with the pre-post comparison. The sample comprised 60 patients with the diagnosis of TBI—30 patients in the neurofeedback training (NFT) group and 30 patients in the treatment as usual group (TAU) group. Half of the patients were recruited within 6 months of injury to study the role of spontaneous recovery and the other half were recruited in the 12 to 18 months postinjury phase. Alpha-theta training was given to the NFT group over 20 sessions. Pre and post comparisons were made on clinical symptom rating, perceived stress, and serum cortisol levels. Results. The results indicate significant differences in symptom reporting and perceived stress between the NFT and TAU groups. Significant differences were also seen in cortisol levels with implications for the acute recovery phase. Conclusion. Alpha-theta NFT has a beneficial effect on symptom reduction as well as perceived stress. It also has a beneficial effect on levels of serum cortisol, corroborating these findings.</abstract><cop>Los Angeles, CA</cop><pub>SAGE Publications</pub><pmid>29268620</pmid><doi>10.1177/1550059417744899</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adolescent Adult Authorship Biofeedback Bioindicators Brain Brain Injuries, Traumatic - physiopathology Brain Injuries, Traumatic - therapy Brain research EEG Electroencephalography Electroencephalography - methods Feedback Female Growth factors Head injuries Hormones Humans Hydrocortisone - blood Intervention Male Middle Aged Neurofeedback - methods Patients Post traumatic stress disorder Post-Concussion Syndrome - physiopathology Post-Concussion Syndrome - therapy Recovery (Medical) Rehabilitation Spontaneous recovery Stress Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - physiopathology Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - therapy Studies Tau protein Traumatic brain injury Treatment Outcome Young Adult |
| title | Clinical and Biochemical Outcomes Following EEG Neurofeedback Training in Traumatic Brain Injury in the Context of Spontaneous Recovery |
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