A chemical compound based on methylxanthine–polyphenols lowers nitric oxide levels and increases post-thaw human sperm viability
We produced a new chemical compound based on methylxanthines and polyphenols (CCMP) present in the chemical matrix of guaraná (Paullinia cupana), a seed extract with antioxidant properties. After supplementation with the standard extract of resveratrol, a well documented antioxidant found in other p...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Zygote (Cambridge) 2017-12, Vol.25 (6), p.719-730 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 730 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 6 |
| container_start_page | 719 |
| container_title | Zygote (Cambridge) |
| container_volume | 25 |
| creator | Werner, Cleiton Cadoná, Francine Carla da Cruz, Ivana Beatrice Mânica Flôres, Eliza Ribas da Silveira Machado, Alencar Kolinski Fantinel, Mara Rejane Weis, Grazielle Castagna Cezimbra Assmann, Charles Elias Alves, Audrei de Oliveira Bonadiman, Beatriz da Silva Rosa Ribeiro, Euler Esteves Montano, Marco Aurélio Echart |
| description | We produced a new chemical compound based on methylxanthines and polyphenols (CCMP) present in the chemical matrix of guaraná (Paullinia cupana), a seed extract with antioxidant properties. After supplementation with the standard extract of resveratrol, a well documented antioxidant found in other plant sources, we investigated whether this resveratrol-enriched compound could improve sperm viability and modulate differentially reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in thawed sperm. Sperm samples obtained from healthy young donors were treated with different concentrations of guaraná extract (0.1, 1, 5 or 10 mg/ml) and cells were frozen at −80°C for 24 h. In addition, the potential protective effects of guaraná treatment on sperm treated with pro-oxidant compound (200 µM hydrogen peroxide, H2O2) were assessed. Samples were also exposed to three concentrations of CCMP before being frozen in liquid nitrogen (−196°C) or in an ultrafreezer (−80°C) for 24 h, and both pre-freezing and post-thaw measurements of viability and oxidative stress were performed. Guaraná supplementation at 10 mg/ml significantly increased post-thaw viability and decreased oxidative metabolism of the sperm. Moreover, selected concentrations of CCMP improved viability and oxidative metabolism in sperm samples pre-freezing. Furthermore, CCMP showed cryoprotective activity by increasing viability and decreasing oxidative stress in post-thaw samples. In summary, these findings suggested that CCMP supplementation acts as a cryoprotectant to modulate ROS and NO levels in thawed sperm. CCMP could be used to enhance sperm quality and reproductive success. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1017/S0967199417000600 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1969933219</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><cupid>10_1017_S0967199417000600</cupid><sourcerecordid>1969933219</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c416t-891ed8e4958e35b77d3cbf9e75feec18b7349301e9e76222b7c5e0ac937422f43</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kc9KHTEUh0Op6K36AG4k0I2b0WQyN5ksRWwrCF2o6yGTOeNE8mdMZtS7K75C39AnMRdvRVq6CuT3ne8c-CF0QMkxJVScXBHJBZWyooIQwgn5hBa04rKoBSOf0WIdF-t8B31J6S4zQshqG-2Ukgopar5Az6dYD-CMVhbr4MYw-w63KkGHg8cOpmFln5SfBuPh5dfvMdjVOIAPNmEbHiEm7M0UjcbhyXSALTxAjlSWGK8jZFHCY0hTMQ3qEQ-zUx6nEaLDD0a1xppptYe2emUT7G_eXXTz7fz67Edx-fP7xdnpZaEryqeilhS6Giq5rIEtWyE6ptteglj2AJrWrWCVZIRC_uJlWbZCL4EoLZmoyrKv2C46evOOMdzPkKbGmaTBWuUhzKmhkkvJWEllRr_-hd6FOfp8XaZqkveUnGeKvlE6hpQi9M0YjVNx1VDSrAtq_ikozxxuzHProHuf-NNIBthGqlwbTXcLH3b_V_sKmDmdpQ</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1980493266</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>A chemical compound based on methylxanthine–polyphenols lowers nitric oxide levels and increases post-thaw human sperm viability</title><source>Cambridge University Press Journals Complete</source><creator>Werner, Cleiton ; Cadoná, Francine Carla ; da Cruz, Ivana Beatrice Mânica ; Flôres, Eliza Ribas da Silveira ; Machado, Alencar Kolinski ; Fantinel, Mara Rejane ; Weis, Grazielle Castagna Cezimbra ; Assmann, Charles Elias ; Alves, Audrei de Oliveira ; Bonadiman, Beatriz da Silva Rosa ; Ribeiro, Euler Esteves ; Montano, Marco Aurélio Echart</creator><creatorcontrib>Werner, Cleiton ; Cadoná, Francine Carla ; da Cruz, Ivana Beatrice Mânica ; Flôres, Eliza Ribas da Silveira ; Machado, Alencar Kolinski ; Fantinel, Mara Rejane ; Weis, Grazielle Castagna Cezimbra ; Assmann, Charles Elias ; Alves, Audrei de Oliveira ; Bonadiman, Beatriz da Silva Rosa ; Ribeiro, Euler Esteves ; Montano, Marco Aurélio Echart</creatorcontrib><description>We produced a new chemical compound based on methylxanthines and polyphenols (CCMP) present in the chemical matrix of guaraná (Paullinia cupana), a seed extract with antioxidant properties. After supplementation with the standard extract of resveratrol, a well documented antioxidant found in other plant sources, we investigated whether this resveratrol-enriched compound could improve sperm viability and modulate differentially reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in thawed sperm. Sperm samples obtained from healthy young donors were treated with different concentrations of guaraná extract (0.1, 1, 5 or 10 mg/ml) and cells were frozen at −80°C for 24 h. In addition, the potential protective effects of guaraná treatment on sperm treated with pro-oxidant compound (200 µM hydrogen peroxide, H2O2) were assessed. Samples were also exposed to three concentrations of CCMP before being frozen in liquid nitrogen (−196°C) or in an ultrafreezer (−80°C) for 24 h, and both pre-freezing and post-thaw measurements of viability and oxidative stress were performed. Guaraná supplementation at 10 mg/ml significantly increased post-thaw viability and decreased oxidative metabolism of the sperm. Moreover, selected concentrations of CCMP improved viability and oxidative metabolism in sperm samples pre-freezing. Furthermore, CCMP showed cryoprotective activity by increasing viability and decreasing oxidative stress in post-thaw samples. In summary, these findings suggested that CCMP supplementation acts as a cryoprotectant to modulate ROS and NO levels in thawed sperm. CCMP could be used to enhance sperm quality and reproductive success.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0967-1994</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1469-8730</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1017/S0967199417000600</identifier><identifier>PMID: 29179786</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press</publisher><subject>Antioxidants ; Breeding success ; Caffeine ; Cancer ; Chemical compounds ; Cryoprotectors ; Freezing ; Hydrogen peroxide ; Infertility ; Liquid nitrogen ; Metabolism ; Motility ; Nitric oxide ; Oxidative metabolism ; Oxidative stress ; Oxidizing agents ; Oxygen enrichment ; Plant extracts ; Polyphenols ; Reactive oxygen species ; Reproduction ; Resveratrol ; Rodents ; Sperm ; Supplements ; Viability ; Young adults</subject><ispartof>Zygote (Cambridge), 2017-12, Vol.25 (6), p.719-730</ispartof><rights>Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2017</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c416t-891ed8e4958e35b77d3cbf9e75feec18b7349301e9e76222b7c5e0ac937422f43</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c416t-891ed8e4958e35b77d3cbf9e75feec18b7349301e9e76222b7c5e0ac937422f43</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0967199417000600/type/journal_article$$EHTML$$P50$$Gcambridge$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>164,314,776,780,27901,27902,55603</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29179786$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Werner, Cleiton</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cadoná, Francine Carla</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>da Cruz, Ivana Beatrice Mânica</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Flôres, Eliza Ribas da Silveira</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Machado, Alencar Kolinski</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fantinel, Mara Rejane</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Weis, Grazielle Castagna Cezimbra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Assmann, Charles Elias</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alves, Audrei de Oliveira</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bonadiman, Beatriz da Silva Rosa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ribeiro, Euler Esteves</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Montano, Marco Aurélio Echart</creatorcontrib><title>A chemical compound based on methylxanthine–polyphenols lowers nitric oxide levels and increases post-thaw human sperm viability</title><title>Zygote (Cambridge)</title><addtitle>Zygote</addtitle><description>We produced a new chemical compound based on methylxanthines and polyphenols (CCMP) present in the chemical matrix of guaraná (Paullinia cupana), a seed extract with antioxidant properties. After supplementation with the standard extract of resveratrol, a well documented antioxidant found in other plant sources, we investigated whether this resveratrol-enriched compound could improve sperm viability and modulate differentially reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in thawed sperm. Sperm samples obtained from healthy young donors were treated with different concentrations of guaraná extract (0.1, 1, 5 or 10 mg/ml) and cells were frozen at −80°C for 24 h. In addition, the potential protective effects of guaraná treatment on sperm treated with pro-oxidant compound (200 µM hydrogen peroxide, H2O2) were assessed. Samples were also exposed to three concentrations of CCMP before being frozen in liquid nitrogen (−196°C) or in an ultrafreezer (−80°C) for 24 h, and both pre-freezing and post-thaw measurements of viability and oxidative stress were performed. Guaraná supplementation at 10 mg/ml significantly increased post-thaw viability and decreased oxidative metabolism of the sperm. Moreover, selected concentrations of CCMP improved viability and oxidative metabolism in sperm samples pre-freezing. Furthermore, CCMP showed cryoprotective activity by increasing viability and decreasing oxidative stress in post-thaw samples. In summary, these findings suggested that CCMP supplementation acts as a cryoprotectant to modulate ROS and NO levels in thawed sperm. CCMP could be used to enhance sperm quality and reproductive success.</description><subject>Antioxidants</subject><subject>Breeding success</subject><subject>Caffeine</subject><subject>Cancer</subject><subject>Chemical compounds</subject><subject>Cryoprotectors</subject><subject>Freezing</subject><subject>Hydrogen peroxide</subject><subject>Infertility</subject><subject>Liquid nitrogen</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Motility</subject><subject>Nitric oxide</subject><subject>Oxidative metabolism</subject><subject>Oxidative stress</subject><subject>Oxidizing agents</subject><subject>Oxygen enrichment</subject><subject>Plant extracts</subject><subject>Polyphenols</subject><subject>Reactive oxygen species</subject><subject>Reproduction</subject><subject>Resveratrol</subject><subject>Rodents</subject><subject>Sperm</subject><subject>Supplements</subject><subject>Viability</subject><subject>Young adults</subject><issn>0967-1994</issn><issn>1469-8730</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kc9KHTEUh0Op6K36AG4k0I2b0WQyN5ksRWwrCF2o6yGTOeNE8mdMZtS7K75C39AnMRdvRVq6CuT3ne8c-CF0QMkxJVScXBHJBZWyooIQwgn5hBa04rKoBSOf0WIdF-t8B31J6S4zQshqG-2Ukgopar5Az6dYD-CMVhbr4MYw-w63KkGHg8cOpmFln5SfBuPh5dfvMdjVOIAPNmEbHiEm7M0UjcbhyXSALTxAjlSWGK8jZFHCY0hTMQ3qEQ-zUx6nEaLDD0a1xppptYe2emUT7G_eXXTz7fz67Edx-fP7xdnpZaEryqeilhS6Giq5rIEtWyE6ptteglj2AJrWrWCVZIRC_uJlWbZCL4EoLZmoyrKv2C46evOOMdzPkKbGmaTBWuUhzKmhkkvJWEllRr_-hd6FOfp8XaZqkveUnGeKvlE6hpQi9M0YjVNx1VDSrAtq_ikozxxuzHProHuf-NNIBthGqlwbTXcLH3b_V_sKmDmdpQ</recordid><startdate>20171201</startdate><enddate>20171201</enddate><creator>Werner, Cleiton</creator><creator>Cadoná, Francine Carla</creator><creator>da Cruz, Ivana Beatrice Mânica</creator><creator>Flôres, Eliza Ribas da Silveira</creator><creator>Machado, Alencar Kolinski</creator><creator>Fantinel, Mara Rejane</creator><creator>Weis, Grazielle Castagna Cezimbra</creator><creator>Assmann, Charles Elias</creator><creator>Alves, Audrei de Oliveira</creator><creator>Bonadiman, Beatriz da Silva Rosa</creator><creator>Ribeiro, Euler Esteves</creator><creator>Montano, Marco Aurélio Echart</creator><general>Cambridge University Press</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20171201</creationdate><title>A chemical compound based on methylxanthine–polyphenols lowers nitric oxide levels and increases post-thaw human sperm viability</title><author>Werner, Cleiton ; Cadoná, Francine Carla ; da Cruz, Ivana Beatrice Mânica ; Flôres, Eliza Ribas da Silveira ; Machado, Alencar Kolinski ; Fantinel, Mara Rejane ; Weis, Grazielle Castagna Cezimbra ; Assmann, Charles Elias ; Alves, Audrei de Oliveira ; Bonadiman, Beatriz da Silva Rosa ; Ribeiro, Euler Esteves ; Montano, Marco Aurélio Echart</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c416t-891ed8e4958e35b77d3cbf9e75feec18b7349301e9e76222b7c5e0ac937422f43</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Antioxidants</topic><topic>Breeding success</topic><topic>Caffeine</topic><topic>Cancer</topic><topic>Chemical compounds</topic><topic>Cryoprotectors</topic><topic>Freezing</topic><topic>Hydrogen peroxide</topic><topic>Infertility</topic><topic>Liquid nitrogen</topic><topic>Metabolism</topic><topic>Motility</topic><topic>Nitric oxide</topic><topic>Oxidative metabolism</topic><topic>Oxidative stress</topic><topic>Oxidizing agents</topic><topic>Oxygen enrichment</topic><topic>Plant extracts</topic><topic>Polyphenols</topic><topic>Reactive oxygen species</topic><topic>Reproduction</topic><topic>Resveratrol</topic><topic>Rodents</topic><topic>Sperm</topic><topic>Supplements</topic><topic>Viability</topic><topic>Young adults</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Werner, Cleiton</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cadoná, Francine Carla</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>da Cruz, Ivana Beatrice Mânica</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Flôres, Eliza Ribas da Silveira</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Machado, Alencar Kolinski</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fantinel, Mara Rejane</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Weis, Grazielle Castagna Cezimbra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Assmann, Charles Elias</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alves, Audrei de Oliveira</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bonadiman, Beatriz da Silva Rosa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ribeiro, Euler Esteves</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Montano, Marco Aurélio Echart</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Biology Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Zygote (Cambridge)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Werner, Cleiton</au><au>Cadoná, Francine Carla</au><au>da Cruz, Ivana Beatrice Mânica</au><au>Flôres, Eliza Ribas da Silveira</au><au>Machado, Alencar Kolinski</au><au>Fantinel, Mara Rejane</au><au>Weis, Grazielle Castagna Cezimbra</au><au>Assmann, Charles Elias</au><au>Alves, Audrei de Oliveira</au><au>Bonadiman, Beatriz da Silva Rosa</au><au>Ribeiro, Euler Esteves</au><au>Montano, Marco Aurélio Echart</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A chemical compound based on methylxanthine–polyphenols lowers nitric oxide levels and increases post-thaw human sperm viability</atitle><jtitle>Zygote (Cambridge)</jtitle><addtitle>Zygote</addtitle><date>2017-12-01</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>25</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>719</spage><epage>730</epage><pages>719-730</pages><issn>0967-1994</issn><eissn>1469-8730</eissn><abstract>We produced a new chemical compound based on methylxanthines and polyphenols (CCMP) present in the chemical matrix of guaraná (Paullinia cupana), a seed extract with antioxidant properties. After supplementation with the standard extract of resveratrol, a well documented antioxidant found in other plant sources, we investigated whether this resveratrol-enriched compound could improve sperm viability and modulate differentially reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in thawed sperm. Sperm samples obtained from healthy young donors were treated with different concentrations of guaraná extract (0.1, 1, 5 or 10 mg/ml) and cells were frozen at −80°C for 24 h. In addition, the potential protective effects of guaraná treatment on sperm treated with pro-oxidant compound (200 µM hydrogen peroxide, H2O2) were assessed. Samples were also exposed to three concentrations of CCMP before being frozen in liquid nitrogen (−196°C) or in an ultrafreezer (−80°C) for 24 h, and both pre-freezing and post-thaw measurements of viability and oxidative stress were performed. Guaraná supplementation at 10 mg/ml significantly increased post-thaw viability and decreased oxidative metabolism of the sperm. Moreover, selected concentrations of CCMP improved viability and oxidative metabolism in sperm samples pre-freezing. Furthermore, CCMP showed cryoprotective activity by increasing viability and decreasing oxidative stress in post-thaw samples. In summary, these findings suggested that CCMP supplementation acts as a cryoprotectant to modulate ROS and NO levels in thawed sperm. CCMP could be used to enhance sperm quality and reproductive success.</abstract><cop>Cambridge, UK</cop><pub>Cambridge University Press</pub><pmid>29179786</pmid><doi>10.1017/S0967199417000600</doi><tpages>12</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0967-1994 |
| ispartof | Zygote (Cambridge), 2017-12, Vol.25 (6), p.719-730 |
| issn | 0967-1994 1469-8730 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1969933219 |
| source | Cambridge University Press Journals Complete |
| subjects | Antioxidants Breeding success Caffeine Cancer Chemical compounds Cryoprotectors Freezing Hydrogen peroxide Infertility Liquid nitrogen Metabolism Motility Nitric oxide Oxidative metabolism Oxidative stress Oxidizing agents Oxygen enrichment Plant extracts Polyphenols Reactive oxygen species Reproduction Resveratrol Rodents Sperm Supplements Viability Young adults |
| title | A chemical compound based on methylxanthine–polyphenols lowers nitric oxide levels and increases post-thaw human sperm viability |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-02T04%3A07%3A18IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A%20chemical%20compound%20based%20on%20methylxanthine%E2%80%93polyphenols%20lowers%20nitric%20oxide%20levels%20and%20increases%20post-thaw%20human%20sperm%20viability&rft.jtitle=Zygote%20(Cambridge)&rft.au=Werner,%20Cleiton&rft.date=2017-12-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=719&rft.epage=730&rft.pages=719-730&rft.issn=0967-1994&rft.eissn=1469-8730&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017/S0967199417000600&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E1969933219%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1980493266&rft_id=info:pmid/29179786&rft_cupid=10_1017_S0967199417000600&rfr_iscdi=true |