Childhood Leukemia in Relation to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields in the Vicinity of TV and Radio Broadcast Transmitters
A case-control study of radio frequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) and childhood leukemia was conducted in West Germany. The study region included municipalities near high-power radio and TV broadcast towers, including 16 amplitude-modulated and 8 frequency-modulated transmitters. Cases were a...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | American journal of epidemiology 2008-11, Vol.168 (10), p.1169-1178 |
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| creator | Merzenich, Hiltrud Schmiedel, Sven Bennack, Sabrina Brüggemeyer, Hauke Philipp, Johannes Blettner, Maria Schüz, Joachim |
| description | A case-control study of radio frequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) and childhood leukemia was conducted in West Germany. The study region included municipalities near high-power radio and TV broadcast towers, including 16 amplitude-modulated and 8 frequency-modulated transmitters. Cases were aged 0–14 years, were diagnosed with leukemia between 1984 and 2003, and were registered at the German Childhood Cancer Registry. Three age-, gender-, and transmitter-area-matched controls per case were drawn randomly from population registries. The analysis included 1,959 cases and 5,848 controls. Individual exposure to RF-EMFs 1 year before diagnosis was estimated with a field strength prediction program. Considering total RF-EMFs, the odds ratio derived from conditional logistic regression analysis for all types of leukemia was 0.86 (95% confidence interval: 0.67, 1.11) when upper (≥95%/0.701 V/m) and lower ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/aje/kwn230 |
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The study region included municipalities near high-power radio and TV broadcast towers, including 16 amplitude-modulated and 8 frequency-modulated transmitters. Cases were aged 0–14 years, were diagnosed with leukemia between 1984 and 2003, and were registered at the German Childhood Cancer Registry. Three age-, gender-, and transmitter-area-matched controls per case were drawn randomly from population registries. The analysis included 1,959 cases and 5,848 controls. Individual exposure to RF-EMFs 1 year before diagnosis was estimated with a field strength prediction program. Considering total RF-EMFs, the odds ratio derived from conditional logistic regression analysis for all types of leukemia was 0.86 (95% confidence interval: 0.67, 1.11) when upper (≥95%/0.701 V/m) and lower (<90%/0.504 V/m) quantiles of the RF-EMF distribution were compared. An analysis of amplitude-modulated and frequency-modulated transmitters separately did not show increased risks of leukemia. The odds ratio for all types of leukemia was 1.04 (95% confidence interval: 0.65, 1.67) among children living within 2 km of the nearest broadcast transmitter compared with those living at a distance of 10–<15 km. The data did not show any elevated risks of childhood leukemia associated with RF-EMFs.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0002-9262</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-6256</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwn230</identifier><identifier>PMID: 18835863</identifier><identifier>CODEN: AJEPAS</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cary, NC: Oxford University Press</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Analysis. Health state ; Biological and medical sciences ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; electromagnetic fields ; Electromagnetic Fields - adverse effects ; Electromagnetism ; Environmental Exposure - adverse effects ; Epidemiology ; Female ; General aspects ; Germany, West - epidemiology ; Hematologic and hematopoietic diseases ; Human exposure ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Leukemia ; Leukemia, Lymphoid - epidemiology ; Leukemia, Lymphoid - etiology ; Leukemias. Malignant lymphomas. Malignant reticulosis. Myelofibrosis ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Pediatrics ; Public health. Hygiene ; Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine ; radiation ; radio ; Radio broadcasting ; Radio frequency ; Radio Waves - adverse effects ; Registries ; television</subject><ispartof>American journal of epidemiology, 2008-11, Vol.168 (10), p.1169-1178</ispartof><rights>American Journal of Epidemiology © The Author 2008. Published by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org. 2008</rights><rights>2009 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>American Journal of Epidemiology © The Author 2008. Published by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c477t-c919849795e4d064eef3be896e425079bc5367b14a3b7f8b3bee7a0c2aaed3ea3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c477t-c919849795e4d064eef3be896e425079bc5367b14a3b7f8b3bee7a0c2aaed3ea3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1583,27922,27923</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=20876965$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18835863$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Merzenich, Hiltrud</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schmiedel, Sven</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bennack, Sabrina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brüggemeyer, Hauke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Philipp, Johannes</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Blettner, Maria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schüz, Joachim</creatorcontrib><title>Childhood Leukemia in Relation to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields in the Vicinity of TV and Radio Broadcast Transmitters</title><title>American journal of epidemiology</title><addtitle>Am J Epidemiol</addtitle><description>A case-control study of radio frequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) and childhood leukemia was conducted in West Germany. The study region included municipalities near high-power radio and TV broadcast towers, including 16 amplitude-modulated and 8 frequency-modulated transmitters. Cases were aged 0–14 years, were diagnosed with leukemia between 1984 and 2003, and were registered at the German Childhood Cancer Registry. Three age-, gender-, and transmitter-area-matched controls per case were drawn randomly from population registries. The analysis included 1,959 cases and 5,848 controls. Individual exposure to RF-EMFs 1 year before diagnosis was estimated with a field strength prediction program. Considering total RF-EMFs, the odds ratio derived from conditional logistic regression analysis for all types of leukemia was 0.86 (95% confidence interval: 0.67, 1.11) when upper (≥95%/0.701 V/m) and lower (<90%/0.504 V/m) quantiles of the RF-EMF distribution were compared. An analysis of amplitude-modulated and frequency-modulated transmitters separately did not show increased risks of leukemia. The odds ratio for all types of leukemia was 1.04 (95% confidence interval: 0.65, 1.67) among children living within 2 km of the nearest broadcast transmitter compared with those living at a distance of 10–<15 km. The data did not show any elevated risks of childhood leukemia associated with RF-EMFs.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Analysis. Health state</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Case-Control Studies</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>electromagnetic fields</subject><subject>Electromagnetic Fields - adverse effects</subject><subject>Electromagnetism</subject><subject>Environmental Exposure - adverse effects</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>General aspects</subject><subject>Germany, West - epidemiology</subject><subject>Hematologic and hematopoietic diseases</subject><subject>Human exposure</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Infant, Newborn</subject><subject>Leukemia</subject><subject>Leukemia, Lymphoid - epidemiology</subject><subject>Leukemia, Lymphoid - etiology</subject><subject>Leukemias. Malignant lymphomas. Malignant reticulosis. Myelofibrosis</subject><subject>Logistic Models</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Pediatrics</subject><subject>Public health. Hygiene</subject><subject>Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine</subject><subject>radiation</subject><subject>radio</subject><subject>Radio broadcasting</subject><subject>Radio frequency</subject><subject>Radio Waves - adverse effects</subject><subject>Registries</subject><subject>television</subject><issn>0002-9262</issn><issn>1476-6256</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2008</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp90U9v0zAYBvAIgVg3uPABkIUEB6Qw_0ns-AhlZYhKSFuppl0sx3lD3SZ2sR2NnvjqZGq0SRw4-eCfH_v1k2WvCP5AsGTnegvnuztHGX6SzUgheM5pyZ9mM4wxzSXl9CQ7jXGLMSGyxM-zE1JVrKw4m2V_5hvbNRvvG7SEYQe91cg6dAWdTtY7lDy60o31aBHg1wDOHNBFByYF3-ufDpI1aGGha-L9qbQBtLbGOpsOyLdotUbaNVPAp-B1Y3RMaBW0i71NCUJ8kT1rdRfh5bSeZT8WF6v5Zb78_uXr_OMyN4UQKTeSyKqQQpZQNJgXAC2roZIcClpiIWtTMi5qUmhWi7aqx00QGhuqNTQMNDvL3h1z98GPc8SkehsNdJ124IeoiOS0kiUf4Zt_4NYPwY1vU5SVEtOikCN6f0Qm-BgDtGofbK_DQRGs7jtRYyfq2MmIX0-JQ91D80inEkbwdgI6Gt214_cYGx8cxZXgkpePzg_7_1-YH52NCX4_SB12igsmSnV5c6uur7_d3nwmS7VmfwFtUrJO</recordid><startdate>20081115</startdate><enddate>20081115</enddate><creator>Merzenich, Hiltrud</creator><creator>Schmiedel, Sven</creator><creator>Bennack, Sabrina</creator><creator>Brüggemeyer, Hauke</creator><creator>Philipp, Johannes</creator><creator>Blettner, Maria</creator><creator>Schüz, Joachim</creator><general>Oxford University Press</general><general>Oxford Publishing Limited (England)</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7T5</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20081115</creationdate><title>Childhood Leukemia in Relation to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields in the Vicinity of TV and Radio Broadcast Transmitters</title><author>Merzenich, Hiltrud ; Schmiedel, Sven ; Bennack, Sabrina ; Brüggemeyer, Hauke ; Philipp, Johannes ; Blettner, Maria ; Schüz, Joachim</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c477t-c919849795e4d064eef3be896e425079bc5367b14a3b7f8b3bee7a0c2aaed3ea3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2008</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Analysis. 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The study region included municipalities near high-power radio and TV broadcast towers, including 16 amplitude-modulated and 8 frequency-modulated transmitters. Cases were aged 0–14 years, were diagnosed with leukemia between 1984 and 2003, and were registered at the German Childhood Cancer Registry. Three age-, gender-, and transmitter-area-matched controls per case were drawn randomly from population registries. The analysis included 1,959 cases and 5,848 controls. Individual exposure to RF-EMFs 1 year before diagnosis was estimated with a field strength prediction program. Considering total RF-EMFs, the odds ratio derived from conditional logistic regression analysis for all types of leukemia was 0.86 (95% confidence interval: 0.67, 1.11) when upper (≥95%/0.701 V/m) and lower (<90%/0.504 V/m) quantiles of the RF-EMF distribution were compared. An analysis of amplitude-modulated and frequency-modulated transmitters separately did not show increased risks of leukemia. The odds ratio for all types of leukemia was 1.04 (95% confidence interval: 0.65, 1.67) among children living within 2 km of the nearest broadcast transmitter compared with those living at a distance of 10–<15 km. The data did not show any elevated risks of childhood leukemia associated with RF-EMFs.</abstract><cop>Cary, NC</cop><pub>Oxford University Press</pub><pmid>18835863</pmid><doi>10.1093/aje/kwn230</doi><tpages>10</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adolescent Analysis. Health state Biological and medical sciences Case-Control Studies Child Child, Preschool electromagnetic fields Electromagnetic Fields - adverse effects Electromagnetism Environmental Exposure - adverse effects Epidemiology Female General aspects Germany, West - epidemiology Hematologic and hematopoietic diseases Human exposure Humans Infant Infant, Newborn Leukemia Leukemia, Lymphoid - epidemiology Leukemia, Lymphoid - etiology Leukemias. Malignant lymphomas. Malignant reticulosis. Myelofibrosis Logistic Models Male Medical sciences Pediatrics Public health. Hygiene Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine radiation radio Radio broadcasting Radio frequency Radio Waves - adverse effects Registries television |
| title | Childhood Leukemia in Relation to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields in the Vicinity of TV and Radio Broadcast Transmitters |
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