Isolation and evolutionary analysis of Australasian topotype of bluetongue virus serotype 4 from India
Summary Bluetongue (BT) is a Culicoides‐borne disease caused by several serotypes of bluetongue virus (BTV). Similar to other insect‐borne viral diseases, distribution of BT is limited to distribution of Culicoides species competent to transmit BTV. In the tropics, vector activity is almost year lon...
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| creator | Reddy, Y. V. Susmitha, B. Patil, S. Krishnajyothi, Y. Putty, K. Ramakrishna, K. V. Sunitha, G. Devi, B. V. Kavitha, K. Deepthi, B. Krovvidi, S. Reddy, Y. N. Reddy, G. H. Singh, K. P. Maan, N. S. Hemadri, D. Maan, S. Mertens, P. P. Hegde, N. R. Rao, P. P. |
| description | Summary
Bluetongue (BT) is a Culicoides‐borne disease caused by several serotypes of bluetongue virus (BTV). Similar to other insect‐borne viral diseases, distribution of BT is limited to distribution of Culicoides species competent to transmit BTV. In the tropics, vector activity is almost year long, and hence, the disease is endemic, with the circulation of several serotypes of BTV, whereas in temperate areas, seasonal incursions of a limited number of serotypes of BTV from neighbouring tropical areas are observed. Although BTV is endemic in all the three major tropical regions (parts of Africa, America and Asia) of the world, the distribution of serotypes is not alike. Apart from serological diversity, geography‐based diversity of BTV genome has been observed, and this is the basis for proposal of topotypes. However, evolution of these topotypes is not well understood. In this study, we report the isolation and characterization of several BTV‐4 isolates from India. These isolates are distinct from BTV‐4 isolates from other geographical regions. Analysis of available BTV seg‐2 sequences indicated that the Australasian BTV‐4 diverged from African viruses around 3,500 years ago, whereas the American viruses diverged relatively recently (1,684 CE). Unlike Australasia and America, BTV‐4 strains of the Mediterranean area evolved through several independent incursions. We speculate that independent evolution of BTV in different geographical areas over long periods of time might have led to the diversity observed in the current virus population. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/tbed.12738 |
| format | Article |
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Bluetongue (BT) is a Culicoides‐borne disease caused by several serotypes of bluetongue virus (BTV). Similar to other insect‐borne viral diseases, distribution of BT is limited to distribution of Culicoides species competent to transmit BTV. In the tropics, vector activity is almost year long, and hence, the disease is endemic, with the circulation of several serotypes of BTV, whereas in temperate areas, seasonal incursions of a limited number of serotypes of BTV from neighbouring tropical areas are observed. Although BTV is endemic in all the three major tropical regions (parts of Africa, America and Asia) of the world, the distribution of serotypes is not alike. Apart from serological diversity, geography‐based diversity of BTV genome has been observed, and this is the basis for proposal of topotypes. However, evolution of these topotypes is not well understood. In this study, we report the isolation and characterization of several BTV‐4 isolates from India. These isolates are distinct from BTV‐4 isolates from other geographical regions. Analysis of available BTV seg‐2 sequences indicated that the Australasian BTV‐4 diverged from African viruses around 3,500 years ago, whereas the American viruses diverged relatively recently (1,684 CE). Unlike Australasia and America, BTV‐4 strains of the Mediterranean area evolved through several independent incursions. We speculate that independent evolution of BTV in different geographical areas over long periods of time might have led to the diversity observed in the current virus population.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1865-1674</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1865-1682</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12738</identifier><identifier>PMID: 29120083</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Germany: Hindawi Limited</publisher><subject>Africa ; Animals ; Asia ; Australasia ; Bluetongue ; Bluetongue - epidemiology ; Bluetongue - virology ; bluetongue virus ; Bluetongue virus - genetics ; Bluetongue virus - isolation & purification ; BTV‐4 ; Culicoides ; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel - veterinary ; Evolution ; Genomes ; Geography ; India ; India - epidemiology ; Insects ; isolation ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction - veterinary ; RNA, Viral - genetics ; RT–PCR ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; sequencing ; Serogroup ; Serotypes ; Sheep ; Sheep Diseases - epidemiology ; Sheep Diseases - virology ; Tropical environment ; Tropical environments ; typing ; Viral diseases ; Viruses</subject><ispartof>Transboundary and emerging diseases, 2018-04, Vol.65 (2), p.547-556</ispartof><rights>2017 Blackwell Verlag GmbH</rights><rights>2017 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2018 Blackwell Verlag GmbH</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3938-8788aa5f4c3c49cd263ac376ef1b4964ede0c10548d39eaa447a174a819202633</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3938-8788aa5f4c3c49cd263ac376ef1b4964ede0c10548d39eaa447a174a819202633</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-2343-4541</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Ftbed.12738$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Ftbed.12738$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27903,27904,45553,45554</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29120083$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Reddy, Y. V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Susmitha, B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Patil, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Krishnajyothi, Y.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Putty, K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ramakrishna, K. V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sunitha, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Devi, B. V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kavitha, K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Deepthi, B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Krovvidi, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reddy, Y. N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reddy, G. H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Singh, K. P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maan, N. S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hemadri, D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maan, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mertens, P. P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hegde, N. R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rao, P. P.</creatorcontrib><title>Isolation and evolutionary analysis of Australasian topotype of bluetongue virus serotype 4 from India</title><title>Transboundary and emerging diseases</title><addtitle>Transbound Emerg Dis</addtitle><description>Summary
Bluetongue (BT) is a Culicoides‐borne disease caused by several serotypes of bluetongue virus (BTV). Similar to other insect‐borne viral diseases, distribution of BT is limited to distribution of Culicoides species competent to transmit BTV. In the tropics, vector activity is almost year long, and hence, the disease is endemic, with the circulation of several serotypes of BTV, whereas in temperate areas, seasonal incursions of a limited number of serotypes of BTV from neighbouring tropical areas are observed. Although BTV is endemic in all the three major tropical regions (parts of Africa, America and Asia) of the world, the distribution of serotypes is not alike. Apart from serological diversity, geography‐based diversity of BTV genome has been observed, and this is the basis for proposal of topotypes. However, evolution of these topotypes is not well understood. In this study, we report the isolation and characterization of several BTV‐4 isolates from India. These isolates are distinct from BTV‐4 isolates from other geographical regions. Analysis of available BTV seg‐2 sequences indicated that the Australasian BTV‐4 diverged from African viruses around 3,500 years ago, whereas the American viruses diverged relatively recently (1,684 CE). Unlike Australasia and America, BTV‐4 strains of the Mediterranean area evolved through several independent incursions. We speculate that independent evolution of BTV in different geographical areas over long periods of time might have led to the diversity observed in the current virus population.</description><subject>Africa</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Asia</subject><subject>Australasia</subject><subject>Bluetongue</subject><subject>Bluetongue - epidemiology</subject><subject>Bluetongue - virology</subject><subject>bluetongue virus</subject><subject>Bluetongue virus - genetics</subject><subject>Bluetongue virus - isolation & purification</subject><subject>BTV‐4</subject><subject>Culicoides</subject><subject>Electrophoresis, Agar Gel - veterinary</subject><subject>Evolution</subject><subject>Genomes</subject><subject>Geography</subject><subject>India</subject><subject>India - epidemiology</subject><subject>Insects</subject><subject>isolation</subject><subject>Molecular Epidemiology</subject><subject>Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction - veterinary</subject><subject>RNA, Viral - genetics</subject><subject>RT–PCR</subject><subject>Sequence Analysis, DNA</subject><subject>sequencing</subject><subject>Serogroup</subject><subject>Serotypes</subject><subject>Sheep</subject><subject>Sheep Diseases - epidemiology</subject><subject>Sheep Diseases - virology</subject><subject>Tropical environment</subject><subject>Tropical environments</subject><subject>typing</subject><subject>Viral diseases</subject><subject>Viruses</subject><issn>1865-1674</issn><issn>1865-1682</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kE1LAzEQhoMoWj8u_gAJeBGhNdlks8nRj6qFghc9h-luVrakm5psKv33Zl3rwYNzyWTm4YV5EDqnZEJT3XQLU01oVjC5h0ZUinxMhcz2f_uCH6HjEJaECKJEfoiOMkUzQiQboXoWnIWucS2GtsJm42zsf-C3aQB2G5qAXY1vY-g8WAgNtLhza9dt16ZfLGw0nWvfo8GbxseAg_HDkuPauxWetVUDp-igBhvM2c97gt4ep6_3z-P5y9Ps_nY-LpliciwLKQHympes5KqsMsGgZIUwNV1wJbipDCkpybmsmDIAnBdACw6SqowkmJ2gqyF37d1HNKHTqyaUxlpojYtBUyUyzniey4Re_kGXLvp0ctDJjeIZEUUfeD1QpXcheFPrtW9WyY6mRPf2dW9ff9tP8MVPZFys0nSH7nQngA7AZ2PN9p8o_Xo3fRhCvwAPro-o</recordid><startdate>201804</startdate><enddate>201804</enddate><creator>Reddy, Y. V.</creator><creator>Susmitha, B.</creator><creator>Patil, S.</creator><creator>Krishnajyothi, Y.</creator><creator>Putty, K.</creator><creator>Ramakrishna, K. V.</creator><creator>Sunitha, G.</creator><creator>Devi, B. V.</creator><creator>Kavitha, K.</creator><creator>Deepthi, B.</creator><creator>Krovvidi, S.</creator><creator>Reddy, Y. N.</creator><creator>Reddy, G. H.</creator><creator>Singh, K. P.</creator><creator>Maan, N. S.</creator><creator>Hemadri, D.</creator><creator>Maan, S.</creator><creator>Mertens, P. P.</creator><creator>Hegde, N. R.</creator><creator>Rao, P. 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P.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Transboundary and emerging diseases</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Reddy, Y. V.</au><au>Susmitha, B.</au><au>Patil, S.</au><au>Krishnajyothi, Y.</au><au>Putty, K.</au><au>Ramakrishna, K. V.</au><au>Sunitha, G.</au><au>Devi, B. V.</au><au>Kavitha, K.</au><au>Deepthi, B.</au><au>Krovvidi, S.</au><au>Reddy, Y. N.</au><au>Reddy, G. H.</au><au>Singh, K. P.</au><au>Maan, N. S.</au><au>Hemadri, D.</au><au>Maan, S.</au><au>Mertens, P. P.</au><au>Hegde, N. R.</au><au>Rao, P. P.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Isolation and evolutionary analysis of Australasian topotype of bluetongue virus serotype 4 from India</atitle><jtitle>Transboundary and emerging diseases</jtitle><addtitle>Transbound Emerg Dis</addtitle><date>2018-04</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>65</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>547</spage><epage>556</epage><pages>547-556</pages><issn>1865-1674</issn><eissn>1865-1682</eissn><abstract>Summary
Bluetongue (BT) is a Culicoides‐borne disease caused by several serotypes of bluetongue virus (BTV). Similar to other insect‐borne viral diseases, distribution of BT is limited to distribution of Culicoides species competent to transmit BTV. In the tropics, vector activity is almost year long, and hence, the disease is endemic, with the circulation of several serotypes of BTV, whereas in temperate areas, seasonal incursions of a limited number of serotypes of BTV from neighbouring tropical areas are observed. Although BTV is endemic in all the three major tropical regions (parts of Africa, America and Asia) of the world, the distribution of serotypes is not alike. Apart from serological diversity, geography‐based diversity of BTV genome has been observed, and this is the basis for proposal of topotypes. However, evolution of these topotypes is not well understood. In this study, we report the isolation and characterization of several BTV‐4 isolates from India. These isolates are distinct from BTV‐4 isolates from other geographical regions. Analysis of available BTV seg‐2 sequences indicated that the Australasian BTV‐4 diverged from African viruses around 3,500 years ago, whereas the American viruses diverged relatively recently (1,684 CE). Unlike Australasia and America, BTV‐4 strains of the Mediterranean area evolved through several independent incursions. We speculate that independent evolution of BTV in different geographical areas over long periods of time might have led to the diversity observed in the current virus population.</abstract><cop>Germany</cop><pub>Hindawi Limited</pub><pmid>29120083</pmid><doi>10.1111/tbed.12738</doi><tpages>10</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2343-4541</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Transboundary and emerging diseases, 2018-04, Vol.65 (2), p.547-556 |
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| source | MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete |
| subjects | Africa Animals Asia Australasia Bluetongue Bluetongue - epidemiology Bluetongue - virology bluetongue virus Bluetongue virus - genetics Bluetongue virus - isolation & purification BTV‐4 Culicoides Electrophoresis, Agar Gel - veterinary Evolution Genomes Geography India India - epidemiology Insects isolation Molecular Epidemiology Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction - veterinary RNA, Viral - genetics RT–PCR Sequence Analysis, DNA sequencing Serogroup Serotypes Sheep Sheep Diseases - epidemiology Sheep Diseases - virology Tropical environment Tropical environments typing Viral diseases Viruses |
| title | Isolation and evolutionary analysis of Australasian topotype of bluetongue virus serotype 4 from India |
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