High Prevalence of the CCR5 Delta 32 HIV-Resistance Mutation among Estonian HIV Type 1-Infected Individuals

The aim of this survey was to investigate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) coreceptor, chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), polymorphism among Estonian HIV-1-infected individuals. Homozygous CCR5A32 genotypes have been associated with resistance to HIV-1 infection; however, inconsistent evidence exists as to whether a single copy of a mutant allele among heterozygotes confers protection from HIV-1 infection. In an Estonian population the frequency of the CCR5A32 allele has been found to be among the greatest observed to date. Ironically, Estonia is concomitantly characterized by a very high HIV-1 prevalence. We compared the allele frequencies in a healthy control population to the HIV-positive group. The frequency of heterozygous individuals did not differ significantly between the HIV-positive group and the control population. Allele frequencies were analyzed among different risk groups as well as groups with different HIV genetic backgrounds. We did not find a difference between CCR5A32 allele frequencies among intravenous drug users (IDUs) and sexually infected persons. Likewise, the distribution of CCR5A32 allele frequencies among patients infected with different subtypes did not differ while data from "pure" subtypes A, B, and CRF06_cpx were pooled and evaluated against unique recombinant forms.