Predation pressure in maize across Europe and in Argentina: an intercontinental comparison
Humankind draws important benefits from large‐scale ecological processes termed ecosystem services, yet the status of several of them is declining. Reliable monitoring methods are essential for tracking the status of ecosystem services. Predation is the mainstay of natural pest control, a key ecosys...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Insect science 2019-06, Vol.26 (3), p.545-554 |
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description | Humankind draws important benefits from large‐scale ecological processes termed ecosystem services, yet the status of several of them is declining. Reliable monitoring methods are essential for tracking the status of ecosystem services. Predation is the mainstay of natural pest control, a key ecosystem service. We used green plasticine caterpillars to monitor predation pressure, and to obtain baseline data on predator activity in transgenic Bt versus non‐Bt maize fields in Old and New World countries. Predation pressure was measured at ground and canopy levels using an identical, small‐plot experimental design in four European countries (Denmark, Slovakia, Romania and Italy) and Argentina. Total predation rate in maize was 11.7%d−1 (min. 7.2%d−1 in Argentina, max. 29.0%d−1 in Romania). Artificial caterpillars were attacked both by invertebrates (mostly chewing insects with 42.0% of the attack marks, and ants with 7.1%, but also predatory and parasitoid wasps, spiders and slugs), and vertebrates (small mammals 25.5%, and birds 20.2%). Total predation at ground level (15.7%d−1) was significantly higher than in maize canopies (6.0%d−1) in all countries, except Argentina. We found no significant differences between predator pressure in Bt versus non‐Bt maize plots. The artificial caterpillar method provided comparable, quantitative data on predation intensity, and proved to be suitable for monitoring natural pest control. This method usefully expands the existing toolkit by directly measuring ecological function rather than structure. |
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Reliable monitoring methods are essential for tracking the status of ecosystem services. Predation is the mainstay of natural pest control, a key ecosystem service. We used green plasticine caterpillars to monitor predation pressure, and to obtain baseline data on predator activity in transgenic Bt versus non‐Bt maize fields in Old and New World countries. Predation pressure was measured at ground and canopy levels using an identical, small‐plot experimental design in four European countries (Denmark, Slovakia, Romania and Italy) and Argentina. Total predation rate in maize was 11.7%d−1 (min. 7.2%d−1 in Argentina, max. 29.0%d−1 in Romania). Artificial caterpillars were attacked both by invertebrates (mostly chewing insects with 42.0% of the attack marks, and ants with 7.1%, but also predatory and parasitoid wasps, spiders and slugs), and vertebrates (small mammals 25.5%, and birds 20.2%). Total predation at ground level (15.7%d−1) was significantly higher than in maize canopies (6.0%d−1) in all countries, except Argentina. We found no significant differences between predator pressure in Bt versus non‐Bt maize plots. The artificial caterpillar method provided comparable, quantitative data on predation intensity, and proved to be suitable for monitoring natural pest control. This method usefully expands the existing toolkit by directly measuring ecological function rather than structure.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1672-9609</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1744-7917</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12550</identifier><identifier>PMID: 29090867</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Australia: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</publisher><subject>artificial caterpillars ; Birds ; Bt gene ; Canopies ; Caterpillars ; Chewing ; Corn ; Design of experiments ; Ecological function ; Ecological monitoring ; Ecosystem services ; Ecosystems ; Experimental design ; Genetically engineered organisms ; Ground level ; Insects ; Invertebrates ; Monitoring methods ; mortality ; Parasitoids ; Pest control ; Pests ; Plasticine ; Predation ; Predators ; Pressure ; sentinel prey ; Slugs ; Spiders ; Structure-function relationships ; transgenic plants ; Vertebrates</subject><ispartof>Insect science, 2019-06, Vol.26 (3), p.545-554</ispartof><rights>2017 Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences</rights><rights>2017 Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.</rights><rights>2019 Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4120-a77acb0734a614d0db9e9e4aa5b5ae341874eb10c951178903cf0158f2bccb1b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4120-a77acb0734a614d0db9e9e4aa5b5ae341874eb10c951178903cf0158f2bccb1b3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-2421-396X ; 0000-0002-8192-5544</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2F1744-7917.12550$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2F1744-7917.12550$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27924,27925,45574,45575</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29090867$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ferrante, Marco</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lövei, Gábor L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Magagnoli, Serena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Minarcikova, Lenka</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tomescu, Elena Larisa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Burgio, Giovanni</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cagan, Ludovit</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ichim, Mihael Cristin</creatorcontrib><title>Predation pressure in maize across Europe and in Argentina: an intercontinental comparison</title><title>Insect science</title><addtitle>Insect Sci</addtitle><description>Humankind draws important benefits from large‐scale ecological processes termed ecosystem services, yet the status of several of them is declining. Reliable monitoring methods are essential for tracking the status of ecosystem services. Predation is the mainstay of natural pest control, a key ecosystem service. We used green plasticine caterpillars to monitor predation pressure, and to obtain baseline data on predator activity in transgenic Bt versus non‐Bt maize fields in Old and New World countries. Predation pressure was measured at ground and canopy levels using an identical, small‐plot experimental design in four European countries (Denmark, Slovakia, Romania and Italy) and Argentina. Total predation rate in maize was 11.7%d−1 (min. 7.2%d−1 in Argentina, max. 29.0%d−1 in Romania). Artificial caterpillars were attacked both by invertebrates (mostly chewing insects with 42.0% of the attack marks, and ants with 7.1%, but also predatory and parasitoid wasps, spiders and slugs), and vertebrates (small mammals 25.5%, and birds 20.2%). Total predation at ground level (15.7%d−1) was significantly higher than in maize canopies (6.0%d−1) in all countries, except Argentina. We found no significant differences between predator pressure in Bt versus non‐Bt maize plots. The artificial caterpillar method provided comparable, quantitative data on predation intensity, and proved to be suitable for monitoring natural pest control. This method usefully expands the existing toolkit by directly measuring ecological function rather than structure.</description><subject>artificial caterpillars</subject><subject>Birds</subject><subject>Bt gene</subject><subject>Canopies</subject><subject>Caterpillars</subject><subject>Chewing</subject><subject>Corn</subject><subject>Design of experiments</subject><subject>Ecological function</subject><subject>Ecological monitoring</subject><subject>Ecosystem services</subject><subject>Ecosystems</subject><subject>Experimental design</subject><subject>Genetically engineered organisms</subject><subject>Ground level</subject><subject>Insects</subject><subject>Invertebrates</subject><subject>Monitoring methods</subject><subject>mortality</subject><subject>Parasitoids</subject><subject>Pest control</subject><subject>Pests</subject><subject>Plasticine</subject><subject>Predation</subject><subject>Predators</subject><subject>Pressure</subject><subject>sentinel prey</subject><subject>Slugs</subject><subject>Spiders</subject><subject>Structure-function relationships</subject><subject>transgenic plants</subject><subject>Vertebrates</subject><issn>1672-9609</issn><issn>1744-7917</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkL1PxCAYh4nReH7NbqaJi0uVl0IpbuZyfiRGTdTFhVD6nqlpS4VrzPnXS73TwUUW4MfDL_AQcgj0FOI4A8l5KhXIU2BC0A2y85tsxnUuWapyqiZkN4Q3SjPFFNsmE6aookUud8jLg8fKLGrXJb3HEAaPSd0lrak_MTHWuxCS2eBdH3ddNR5d-FfsFnVnzmMSgwV668YgpqZJrGt74-vgun2yNTdNwIP1vEeeL2dP0-v09v7qZnpxm1oOjKZGSmNLKjNucuAVrUqFCrkxohQGMw6F5FgCtUoAyELRzM4piGLOSmtLKLM9crLq7b17HzAsdFsHi01jOnRD0KBEITiIXET0-A_65gbfxddpBirjmcw5i9TZivr-vse57n3dGr_UQPWoXY-S9ShZf2uPN47WvUPZYvXL_3iOgFgBH3WDy__69M3d46r4C_o7jEA</recordid><startdate>201906</startdate><enddate>201906</enddate><creator>Ferrante, Marco</creator><creator>Lövei, Gábor L.</creator><creator>Magagnoli, Serena</creator><creator>Minarcikova, Lenka</creator><creator>Tomescu, Elena Larisa</creator><creator>Burgio, Giovanni</creator><creator>Cagan, Ludovit</creator><creator>Ichim, Mihael Cristin</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2421-396X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8192-5544</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>201906</creationdate><title>Predation pressure in maize across Europe and in Argentina: an intercontinental comparison</title><author>Ferrante, Marco ; 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Reliable monitoring methods are essential for tracking the status of ecosystem services. Predation is the mainstay of natural pest control, a key ecosystem service. We used green plasticine caterpillars to monitor predation pressure, and to obtain baseline data on predator activity in transgenic Bt versus non‐Bt maize fields in Old and New World countries. Predation pressure was measured at ground and canopy levels using an identical, small‐plot experimental design in four European countries (Denmark, Slovakia, Romania and Italy) and Argentina. Total predation rate in maize was 11.7%d−1 (min. 7.2%d−1 in Argentina, max. 29.0%d−1 in Romania). Artificial caterpillars were attacked both by invertebrates (mostly chewing insects with 42.0% of the attack marks, and ants with 7.1%, but also predatory and parasitoid wasps, spiders and slugs), and vertebrates (small mammals 25.5%, and birds 20.2%). Total predation at ground level (15.7%d−1) was significantly higher than in maize canopies (6.0%d−1) in all countries, except Argentina. We found no significant differences between predator pressure in Bt versus non‐Bt maize plots. The artificial caterpillar method provided comparable, quantitative data on predation intensity, and proved to be suitable for monitoring natural pest control. This method usefully expands the existing toolkit by directly measuring ecological function rather than structure.</abstract><cop>Australia</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><pmid>29090867</pmid><doi>10.1111/1744-7917.12550</doi><tpages>10</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2421-396X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8192-5544</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | artificial caterpillars Birds Bt gene Canopies Caterpillars Chewing Corn Design of experiments Ecological function Ecological monitoring Ecosystem services Ecosystems Experimental design Genetically engineered organisms Ground level Insects Invertebrates Monitoring methods mortality Parasitoids Pest control Pests Plasticine Predation Predators Pressure sentinel prey Slugs Spiders Structure-function relationships transgenic plants Vertebrates |
title | Predation pressure in maize across Europe and in Argentina: an intercontinental comparison |
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