Abrupt rainfall transitions over the Greater Horn of Africa: Observations and regional model simulations
We examine the yearly occurrence of a monsoon jump of approximately 20° latitude during the boreal spring and summer rainy seasons over the Greater Horn of Africa (GHA). This jump is in contrast with a simple model of a smoothly varying ITCZ over the region. The rainfall jump is observed annually du...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 2008-08, Vol.113 (D15), p.n/a |
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| creator | Riddle, Emily E. Cook, Kerry H. |
| description | We examine the yearly occurrence of a monsoon jump of approximately 20° latitude during the boreal spring and summer rainy seasons over the Greater Horn of Africa (GHA). This jump is in contrast with a simple model of a smoothly varying ITCZ over the region. The rainfall jump is observed annually during April and May in three precipitation data sets and in regional climate model simulations using the PSU/NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5). The MM5 simulations show the rainfall jump to be roughly coincident with abrupt circulation changes that occur as the Somali jet develops during April, May, and June. In particular, the cross‐equatorial (meridional) branch of the Somali jet forms along the East African coast in April, bringing moisture (and rainfall) northward to the southern slopes of the Ethiopian plateau. This meridional branch forms well before the northern zonal branch of the jet, which diverts moisture eastward from southern Ethiopia and feeds the Indian monsoon. These results establish a framework for understanding the precipitation cycle over the GHA, and provide a foundation for improving subseasonal forecasts over drought‐prone regions of eastern Africa. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1029/2007JD009202 |
| format | Article |
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Geophys. Res</addtitle><description>We examine the yearly occurrence of a monsoon jump of approximately 20° latitude during the boreal spring and summer rainy seasons over the Greater Horn of Africa (GHA). This jump is in contrast with a simple model of a smoothly varying ITCZ over the region. The rainfall jump is observed annually during April and May in three precipitation data sets and in regional climate model simulations using the PSU/NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5). The MM5 simulations show the rainfall jump to be roughly coincident with abrupt circulation changes that occur as the Somali jet develops during April, May, and June. In particular, the cross‐equatorial (meridional) branch of the Somali jet forms along the East African coast in April, bringing moisture (and rainfall) northward to the southern slopes of the Ethiopian plateau. This meridional branch forms well before the northern zonal branch of the jet, which diverts moisture eastward from southern Ethiopia and feeds the Indian monsoon. These results establish a framework for understanding the precipitation cycle over the GHA, and provide a foundation for improving subseasonal forecasts over drought‐prone regions of eastern Africa.</description><subject>Computer simulation</subject><subject>Earth sciences</subject><subject>Earth, ocean, space</subject><subject>East Africa</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Horns</subject><subject>Marine</subject><subject>Mathematical models</subject><subject>Moisture</subject><subject>Monsoon jump</subject><subject>Monsoons</subject><subject>Precipitation</subject><subject>Rainfall</subject><subject>Somali jet</subject><subject>Somalia</subject><issn>0148-0227</issn><issn>2169-897X</issn><issn>2156-2202</issn><issn>2169-8996</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2008</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kEFPGzEQha2qSI2AW3-AL0UcusUe2-s1tyhpFxApUgnq0XK8XnDr7AZ7Q-Hf42gR6ilzmSf7e0-jh9BnSr5RAuoMCJFXc0IUEPiAJkBFWUDWH9GEUF4VBEB-Qscp_SF5uCg5oRP0MF3F7WbA0fiuNSHgIZou-cH3XcL9k4t4eHC4js4MWV_0scN9i6dt9Nac45tVcvHJjLTpGhzdfdYm4HXfuICTX2_D-H2EDnJ-csdv-xDd_fi-nF0U1zf15Wx6XVjOlSigqkouWStUU4lmxXhLmRNWADUCZH6TVCmgpVO84bayjFNGFbQractGKcUO0cmYu4n949alQa99si4E07l-mzRVgikuSQZP94OSESIoiCqjX0fUxj6l6Fq9iX5t4oumRO_K1_-Xn_Evb8kmWRPa3Kj16d0DpOT5gN0FbOT--eBe9mbqq_rXnHKoRHYVo8unwT2_u0z8q0vJpNC_f9Z6MeP1fAG3esleAXMGoEM</recordid><startdate>20080816</startdate><enddate>20080816</enddate><creator>Riddle, Emily E.</creator><creator>Cook, Kerry H.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>American Geophysical Union</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L.G</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20080816</creationdate><title>Abrupt rainfall transitions over the Greater Horn of Africa: Observations and regional model simulations</title><author>Riddle, Emily E. ; Cook, Kerry H.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4495-2886473f59d85db34f13e5c521a527d857199216e94d4c8c3413192fb7c6d9993</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2008</creationdate><topic>Computer simulation</topic><topic>Earth sciences</topic><topic>Earth, ocean, space</topic><topic>East Africa</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Horns</topic><topic>Marine</topic><topic>Mathematical models</topic><topic>Moisture</topic><topic>Monsoon jump</topic><topic>Monsoons</topic><topic>Precipitation</topic><topic>Rainfall</topic><topic>Somali jet</topic><topic>Somalia</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Riddle, Emily E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cook, Kerry H.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Oceanic Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><jtitle>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Riddle, Emily E.</au><au>Cook, Kerry H.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Abrupt rainfall transitions over the Greater Horn of Africa: Observations and regional model simulations</atitle><jtitle>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</jtitle><addtitle>J. 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| subjects | Computer simulation Earth sciences Earth, ocean, space East Africa Exact sciences and technology Horns Marine Mathematical models Moisture Monsoon jump Monsoons Precipitation Rainfall Somali jet Somalia |
| title | Abrupt rainfall transitions over the Greater Horn of Africa: Observations and regional model simulations |
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