Smoking and Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy: A Novel Explanation of the Biological Link

Introduction: Cigarette smoking is the strongest modifiable risk factor for developing thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), and the severity of TAO is related to the current number of cigarettes smoked per day. We aimed to establish the effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on an in vitro mod...

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Veröffentlicht in:	The journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2007-01, Vol.92 (1), p.59-64
Hauptverfasser:	Cawood, T. J., Moriarty, P., O’Farrelly, C., O’Shea, D.
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	Adipogenesis Biological and medical sciences Endocrinopathies Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Glycosaminoglycans - biosynthesis Graves Ophthalmopathy - etiology Humans Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 - analysis Interleukin-1 - pharmacology Medical sciences Nicotiana - adverse effects Non tumoral diseases. Target tissue resistance. Benign neoplasms Smoke - adverse effects Smoking - adverse effects Thyroid. Thyroid axis (diseases) Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - pharmacology Vertebrates: endocrinology
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