Suicide exposures and bereavement among American adults: Evidence from the 2016 General Social Survey

We investigated lifetime suicide exposures and bereavement among a representative sample of American adults from the 2016 General Social Survey. Questions on lifetime suicide exposures, bereavement and mental health status were administered to 1432 respondents. Suicide exposed and bereaved respondents were compared to non-exposed respondents on three different measures of mental health functioning with cross tabulations and means comparison tests. 51% of respondents had exposures to one suicide or more during their lifetimes, and 35% were deemed bereaved by suicide, having experienced moderate to severe emotional distress from their losses. Findings suggested more exposures and bereavements were associated with greater numbers of bad mental health days and more expectations of “having nervous breakdowns” but with no clear associations with CES-D scores. These findings suggest suicide exposures and bereavement are far more pervasive than commonly thought, with more than half of the population exposed and a third bereaved. Health professionals need to more actively assess for suicide exposures and bereavements, and be vigilant for significant impacts of suicide even when the suicide decedent is not a first degree family relative, helping to reduce the mental health distress presently associated with these experiences. •Based on 1,432 2016 GSS respondents we found 51% acquainted with one or more persons dying by suicide.•35% of these people experienced moderate to extreme emotional distress from these deaths.•On average these bereaved were 14 years past their losses.•Yet, they still showed signs of mental health problems compared to the non-suicide-bereaved.•These findings suggest that suicide bereavement is far more widespread that commonly thought.