Thermal refugia against coral bleaching throughout the northern Red Sea
Tropical reefs have been impacted by thermal anomalies caused by global warming that induced coral bleaching and mortality events globally. However, there have only been very few recordings of bleaching within the Red Sea despite covering a latitudinal range of 15° and consequently it has been consi...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Global change biology 2018-02, Vol.24 (2), p.e474-e484 |
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| creator | Osman, Eslam O. Smith, David J. Ziegler, Maren Kürten, Benjamin Conrad, Constanze El‐Haddad, Khaled M. Voolstra, Christian R. Suggett, David J. |
| description | Tropical reefs have been impacted by thermal anomalies caused by global warming that induced coral bleaching and mortality events globally. However, there have only been very few recordings of bleaching within the Red Sea despite covering a latitudinal range of 15° and consequently it has been considered a region that is less sensitive to thermal anomalies. We therefore examined historical patterns of sea surface temperature (SST) and associated anomalies (1982–2012) and compared warming trends with a unique compilation of corresponding coral bleaching records from throughout the region. These data indicated that the northern Red Sea has not experienced mass bleaching despite intensive Degree Heating Weeks (DHW) of >15°C‐weeks. Severe bleaching was restricted to the central and southern Red Sea where DHWs have been more frequent, but far less intense (DHWs 8°C‐weeks), and bleaching was restricted to the central and southern Red Sea despite the lower thermal stress (DHWs |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/gcb.13895 |
| format | Article |
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(1) Tropical reefs have been impacted by thermal anomalies that have induced coral bleaching; however, there are only few recordings of bleaching across the Red Sea. (2) Historical and contemporary mass bleaching appears to be restricted to the central and southern Red Sea, and the northern region remains bleaching‐free despite experiencing intensive thermal anomalies. (3) Heat stress experiments demonstrated that corals in the north are thermally tolerant and exist within a region where ambient and anomalous temperatures are lower than their physiological thermal maximum and we therefore propose that the northern region is thermal refugia with global significance.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1354-1013</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1365-2486</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13895</identifier><identifier>PMID: 29044761</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Anomalies ; Climate change ; Coral bleaching ; Coral reefs ; Corals ; El Nino ; El Nino phenomena ; Global warming ; Harbors ; Heat stress ; Heat tolerance ; Heating ; Refugia ; remote sensing ; Sea surface ; Sea surface temperature ; Surface temperature ; Temperature tolerance ; Thermal stress ; thermal tolerance ; Tropical climate ; Water temperature</subject><ispartof>Global change biology, 2018-02, Vol.24 (2), p.e474-e484</ispartof><rights>2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd</rights><rights>2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4545-99eb985b2420b6639b0c26c702c11e4138d95ff5a536289b6d12c0a17957ec4c3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4545-99eb985b2420b6639b0c26c702c11e4138d95ff5a536289b6d12c0a17957ec4c3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-5326-2520 ; 0000-0002-5517-8186 ; 0000-0003-4555-3795 ; 0000-0003-1886-8193</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fgcb.13895$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fgcb.13895$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27901,27902,45550,45551</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29044761$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Osman, Eslam O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smith, David J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ziegler, Maren</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kürten, Benjamin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Conrad, Constanze</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>El‐Haddad, Khaled M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Voolstra, Christian R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Suggett, David J.</creatorcontrib><title>Thermal refugia against coral bleaching throughout the northern Red Sea</title><title>Global change biology</title><addtitle>Glob Chang Biol</addtitle><description>Tropical reefs have been impacted by thermal anomalies caused by global warming that induced coral bleaching and mortality events globally. However, there have only been very few recordings of bleaching within the Red Sea despite covering a latitudinal range of 15° and consequently it has been considered a region that is less sensitive to thermal anomalies. We therefore examined historical patterns of sea surface temperature (SST) and associated anomalies (1982–2012) and compared warming trends with a unique compilation of corresponding coral bleaching records from throughout the region. These data indicated that the northern Red Sea has not experienced mass bleaching despite intensive Degree Heating Weeks (DHW) of >15°C‐weeks. Severe bleaching was restricted to the central and southern Red Sea where DHWs have been more frequent, but far less intense (DHWs <4°C‐weeks). A similar pattern was observed during the 2015–2016 El Niño event during which time corals in the northern Red Sea did not bleach despite high thermal stress (i.e. DHWs >8°C‐weeks), and bleaching was restricted to the central and southern Red Sea despite the lower thermal stress (DHWs < 8°C‐weeks). Heat stress assays carried out in the northern (Hurghada) and central (Thuwal) Red Sea on four key reef‐building species confirmed different regional thermal susceptibility, and that central Red Sea corals are more sensitive to thermal anomalies as compared to those from the north. Together, our data demonstrate that corals in the northern Red Sea have a much higher heat tolerance than their prevailing temperature regime would suggest. In contrast, corals from the central Red Sea are close to their thermal limits, which closely match the maximum annual water temperatures. The northern Red Sea harbours reef‐building corals that live well below their bleaching thresholds and thus we propose that the region represents a thermal refuge of global importance.
(1) Tropical reefs have been impacted by thermal anomalies that have induced coral bleaching; however, there are only few recordings of bleaching across the Red Sea. (2) Historical and contemporary mass bleaching appears to be restricted to the central and southern Red Sea, and the northern region remains bleaching‐free despite experiencing intensive thermal anomalies. (3) Heat stress experiments demonstrated that corals in the north are thermally tolerant and exist within a region where ambient and anomalous temperatures are lower than their physiological thermal maximum and we therefore propose that the northern region is thermal refugia with global significance.</description><subject>Anomalies</subject><subject>Climate change</subject><subject>Coral bleaching</subject><subject>Coral reefs</subject><subject>Corals</subject><subject>El Nino</subject><subject>El Nino phenomena</subject><subject>Global warming</subject><subject>Harbors</subject><subject>Heat stress</subject><subject>Heat tolerance</subject><subject>Heating</subject><subject>Refugia</subject><subject>remote sensing</subject><subject>Sea surface</subject><subject>Sea surface temperature</subject><subject>Surface temperature</subject><subject>Temperature tolerance</subject><subject>Thermal stress</subject><subject>thermal tolerance</subject><subject>Tropical climate</subject><subject>Water temperature</subject><issn>1354-1013</issn><issn>1365-2486</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1kE1LAzEQhoMotlYP_gFZ8KKHbZNskt0ctWgVCoLWc0iy2Y-y3dRkF-m_N3WrB8G5zDA8vMw8AFwiOEWhZqVWU5RknB6BMUoYjTHJ2PF-piRGECUjcOb9GkKYYMhOwQhzSEjK0BgsVpVxG9lEzhR9WctIlrJufRdp68JWNUbqqm7LqKuc7cvK9l0YTdRaF5pro1eTR29GnoOTQjbeXBz6BLw_PqzmT_HyZfE8v1vGmlBCY86N4hlVmGCoGEu4ghoznUKsETIkPJFzWhRU0oThjCuWI6yhRCmnqdFEJxNwM-Runf3oje_EpvbaNI1sje29QJxiijOGaUCv_6Br27s2XBcojlPO0owF6nagtLPeBwti6-qNdDuBoNjbFcGu-LYb2KtDYq82Jv8lf3QGYDYAn3Vjdv8nicX8foj8AhYEgUs</recordid><startdate>201802</startdate><enddate>201802</enddate><creator>Osman, Eslam O.</creator><creator>Smith, David J.</creator><creator>Ziegler, Maren</creator><creator>Kürten, Benjamin</creator><creator>Conrad, Constanze</creator><creator>El‐Haddad, Khaled M.</creator><creator>Voolstra, Christian R.</creator><creator>Suggett, David J.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5326-2520</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5517-8186</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4555-3795</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1886-8193</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>201802</creationdate><title>Thermal refugia against coral bleaching throughout the northern Red Sea</title><author>Osman, Eslam O. ; Smith, David J. ; Ziegler, Maren ; Kürten, Benjamin ; Conrad, Constanze ; El‐Haddad, Khaled M. ; Voolstra, Christian R. ; Suggett, David J.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4545-99eb985b2420b6639b0c26c702c11e4138d95ff5a536289b6d12c0a17957ec4c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Anomalies</topic><topic>Climate change</topic><topic>Coral bleaching</topic><topic>Coral reefs</topic><topic>Corals</topic><topic>El Nino</topic><topic>El Nino phenomena</topic><topic>Global warming</topic><topic>Harbors</topic><topic>Heat stress</topic><topic>Heat tolerance</topic><topic>Heating</topic><topic>Refugia</topic><topic>remote sensing</topic><topic>Sea surface</topic><topic>Sea surface temperature</topic><topic>Surface temperature</topic><topic>Temperature tolerance</topic><topic>Thermal stress</topic><topic>thermal tolerance</topic><topic>Tropical climate</topic><topic>Water temperature</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Osman, Eslam O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smith, David J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ziegler, Maren</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kürten, Benjamin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Conrad, Constanze</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>El‐Haddad, Khaled M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Voolstra, Christian R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Suggett, David J.</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Global change biology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Osman, Eslam O.</au><au>Smith, David J.</au><au>Ziegler, Maren</au><au>Kürten, Benjamin</au><au>Conrad, Constanze</au><au>El‐Haddad, Khaled M.</au><au>Voolstra, Christian R.</au><au>Suggett, David J.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Thermal refugia against coral bleaching throughout the northern Red Sea</atitle><jtitle>Global change biology</jtitle><addtitle>Glob Chang Biol</addtitle><date>2018-02</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>24</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>e474</spage><epage>e484</epage><pages>e474-e484</pages><issn>1354-1013</issn><eissn>1365-2486</eissn><abstract>Tropical reefs have been impacted by thermal anomalies caused by global warming that induced coral bleaching and mortality events globally. However, there have only been very few recordings of bleaching within the Red Sea despite covering a latitudinal range of 15° and consequently it has been considered a region that is less sensitive to thermal anomalies. We therefore examined historical patterns of sea surface temperature (SST) and associated anomalies (1982–2012) and compared warming trends with a unique compilation of corresponding coral bleaching records from throughout the region. These data indicated that the northern Red Sea has not experienced mass bleaching despite intensive Degree Heating Weeks (DHW) of >15°C‐weeks. Severe bleaching was restricted to the central and southern Red Sea where DHWs have been more frequent, but far less intense (DHWs <4°C‐weeks). A similar pattern was observed during the 2015–2016 El Niño event during which time corals in the northern Red Sea did not bleach despite high thermal stress (i.e. DHWs >8°C‐weeks), and bleaching was restricted to the central and southern Red Sea despite the lower thermal stress (DHWs < 8°C‐weeks). Heat stress assays carried out in the northern (Hurghada) and central (Thuwal) Red Sea on four key reef‐building species confirmed different regional thermal susceptibility, and that central Red Sea corals are more sensitive to thermal anomalies as compared to those from the north. Together, our data demonstrate that corals in the northern Red Sea have a much higher heat tolerance than their prevailing temperature regime would suggest. In contrast, corals from the central Red Sea are close to their thermal limits, which closely match the maximum annual water temperatures. The northern Red Sea harbours reef‐building corals that live well below their bleaching thresholds and thus we propose that the region represents a thermal refuge of global importance.
(1) Tropical reefs have been impacted by thermal anomalies that have induced coral bleaching; however, there are only few recordings of bleaching across the Red Sea. (2) Historical and contemporary mass bleaching appears to be restricted to the central and southern Red Sea, and the northern region remains bleaching‐free despite experiencing intensive thermal anomalies. (3) Heat stress experiments demonstrated that corals in the north are thermally tolerant and exist within a region where ambient and anomalous temperatures are lower than their physiological thermal maximum and we therefore propose that the northern region is thermal refugia with global significance.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>29044761</pmid><doi>10.1111/gcb.13895</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5326-2520</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5517-8186</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4555-3795</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1886-8193</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| language | eng |
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| source | Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete |
| subjects | Anomalies Climate change Coral bleaching Coral reefs Corals El Nino El Nino phenomena Global warming Harbors Heat stress Heat tolerance Heating Refugia remote sensing Sea surface Sea surface temperature Surface temperature Temperature tolerance Thermal stress thermal tolerance Tropical climate Water temperature |
| title | Thermal refugia against coral bleaching throughout the northern Red Sea |
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