Anatomical variations of the frontal sinus and its relationship with the orbital cavity
The anatomy of the frontal sinus is highly variable and its variations affect the occurrence/course of pathological processes. We investigated its size and relationship to the orbit, searching for patterns that would allow it to be classified anatomically. Cone beam computed tomography was applied t...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.) N.Y.), 2018-05, Vol.31 (4), p.576-582 |
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| creator | Štoković, Nikola Trkulja, Vladimir Čuković‐Bagić, Ivana Lauc, Tomislav Grgurević, Lovorka |
| description | The anatomy of the frontal sinus is highly variable and its variations affect the occurrence/course of pathological processes. We investigated its size and relationship to the orbit, searching for patterns that would allow it to be classified anatomically. Cone beam computed tomography was applied to 91 skulls (age range 21–86 years) to determine sinus height, width, length, and length of contact with the orbit in the coronal and sagittal planes. In addition, orbital roof pneumatization in the coronal plane was categorized as: none; only medial part pneumatized; the medial and a portion of the central part pneumatized; roof predominantly pneumatized. Sinus dimensions varied widely (mm): height 6.2–50.0; width 3.7–54.0; length 2.4–45.0; frontal orbital contact 4.0–41.6; sagittal orbital contact 0.0–41.2. Pneumatization of the orbital roof (coronal plane) mostly affected the medial and a portion of the central part (50%), or the roof was predominantly pneumatized (32%). Three “types” of sinus (cluster analysis) were distinguished by the extent of pneumatization of the orbital roof in the coronal plane: “small”, pneumatization absent or only of the medial part; “medium‐sized”, pneumatization of the medial and a portion of the central part; “large”, roof predominantly pneumatized. All dimensions were significantly different among the types (P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/ca.22999 |
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We investigated its size and relationship to the orbit, searching for patterns that would allow it to be classified anatomically. Cone beam computed tomography was applied to 91 skulls (age range 21–86 years) to determine sinus height, width, length, and length of contact with the orbit in the coronal and sagittal planes. In addition, orbital roof pneumatization in the coronal plane was categorized as: none; only medial part pneumatized; the medial and a portion of the central part pneumatized; roof predominantly pneumatized. Sinus dimensions varied widely (mm): height 6.2–50.0; width 3.7–54.0; length 2.4–45.0; frontal orbital contact 4.0–41.6; sagittal orbital contact 0.0–41.2. Pneumatization of the orbital roof (coronal plane) mostly affected the medial and a portion of the central part (50%), or the roof was predominantly pneumatized (32%). Three “types” of sinus (cluster analysis) were distinguished by the extent of pneumatization of the orbital roof in the coronal plane: “small”, pneumatization absent or only of the medial part; “medium‐sized”, pneumatization of the medial and a portion of the central part; “large”, roof predominantly pneumatized. All dimensions were significantly different among the types (P < 0.001). Sinus type was fairly predictive of the extent of contact with the orbit in the sagittal plane (not routinely assessed clinically). The data confirm the variability of frontal sinus anatomy and suggest a simple and straightforward classification with potential clinical relevance. Clin. Anat. 31:576–582, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0897-3806</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1098-2353</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/ca.22999</identifier><identifier>PMID: 29044800</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</publisher><subject>Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anatomic Variation ; anatomical variations ; Anatomy ; CBCT ; classification ; Cluster analysis ; Computed tomography ; Cone classifiers ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Female ; frontal sinus ; Frontal Sinus - anatomy & histology ; Frontal Sinus - diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; orbit ; Orbit - anatomy & histology ; Orbit - diagnostic imaging ; pneumatization ; Sinuses ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.), 2018-05, Vol.31 (4), p.576-582</ispartof><rights>2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</rights><rights>2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3499-ceba01c7fc0cc8b58e2a3facdff485f43b7abdbbe931f6948dfa633cb73e2dc23</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3499-ceba01c7fc0cc8b58e2a3facdff485f43b7abdbbe931f6948dfa633cb73e2dc23</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-8632-0376</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fca.22999$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fca.22999$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,1412,27905,27906,45555,45556</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29044800$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Štoković, Nikola</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trkulja, Vladimir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Čuković‐Bagić, Ivana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lauc, Tomislav</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grgurević, Lovorka</creatorcontrib><title>Anatomical variations of the frontal sinus and its relationship with the orbital cavity</title><title>Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.)</title><addtitle>Clin Anat</addtitle><description>The anatomy of the frontal sinus is highly variable and its variations affect the occurrence/course of pathological processes. We investigated its size and relationship to the orbit, searching for patterns that would allow it to be classified anatomically. Cone beam computed tomography was applied to 91 skulls (age range 21–86 years) to determine sinus height, width, length, and length of contact with the orbit in the coronal and sagittal planes. In addition, orbital roof pneumatization in the coronal plane was categorized as: none; only medial part pneumatized; the medial and a portion of the central part pneumatized; roof predominantly pneumatized. Sinus dimensions varied widely (mm): height 6.2–50.0; width 3.7–54.0; length 2.4–45.0; frontal orbital contact 4.0–41.6; sagittal orbital contact 0.0–41.2. Pneumatization of the orbital roof (coronal plane) mostly affected the medial and a portion of the central part (50%), or the roof was predominantly pneumatized (32%). Three “types” of sinus (cluster analysis) were distinguished by the extent of pneumatization of the orbital roof in the coronal plane: “small”, pneumatization absent or only of the medial part; “medium‐sized”, pneumatization of the medial and a portion of the central part; “large”, roof predominantly pneumatized. All dimensions were significantly different among the types (P < 0.001). Sinus type was fairly predictive of the extent of contact with the orbit in the sagittal plane (not routinely assessed clinically). The data confirm the variability of frontal sinus anatomy and suggest a simple and straightforward classification with potential clinical relevance. Clin. Anat. 31:576–582, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Anatomic Variation</subject><subject>anatomical variations</subject><subject>Anatomy</subject><subject>CBCT</subject><subject>classification</subject><subject>Cluster analysis</subject><subject>Computed tomography</subject><subject>Cone classifiers</subject><subject>Cone-Beam Computed Tomography</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>frontal sinus</subject><subject>Frontal Sinus - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Frontal Sinus - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>orbit</subject><subject>Orbit - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Orbit - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>pneumatization</subject><subject>Sinuses</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0897-3806</issn><issn>1098-2353</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp10E1LwzAcx_EgiptT8BVIwYuXzjz0ITmO4RMMvCgeQ5ImLKNtZpJu7N3brVNB8JRDPnz58wPgGsEpghDfKzHFmDF2AsYIMppikpNTMIaUlSmhsBiBixBWECKUlfQcjDCDWUYhHIOPWSuia6wSdbIR3opoXRsSZ5K41Inxro39T7BtFxLRVomNIfG6HtjSrpOtjcuDdV7avVViY-PuEpwZUQd9dXwn4P3x4W3-nC5en17ms0WqSMZYqrQUEKnSKKgUlTnVWBAjVGVMRnOTEVkKWUmpGUGmYBmtjCgIUbIkGlcKkwm4G7pr7z47HSJvbFC6rkWrXRc4YjnOMS0Q7entH7pynW_76ziGOEeYEYh-g8q7ELw2fO1tI_yOI8j3Y3Ml-GHsnt4cg51sdPUDv9ftQTqAra317t8Qn8-G4BcIWYkA</recordid><startdate>201805</startdate><enddate>201805</enddate><creator>Štoković, Nikola</creator><creator>Trkulja, Vladimir</creator><creator>Čuković‐Bagić, Ivana</creator><creator>Lauc, Tomislav</creator><creator>Grgurević, Lovorka</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>JQ2</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8632-0376</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>201805</creationdate><title>Anatomical variations of the frontal sinus and its relationship with the orbital cavity</title><author>Štoković, Nikola ; Trkulja, Vladimir ; Čuković‐Bagić, Ivana ; Lauc, Tomislav ; Grgurević, Lovorka</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3499-ceba01c7fc0cc8b58e2a3facdff485f43b7abdbbe931f6948dfa633cb73e2dc23</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Anatomic Variation</topic><topic>anatomical variations</topic><topic>Anatomy</topic><topic>CBCT</topic><topic>classification</topic><topic>Cluster analysis</topic><topic>Computed tomography</topic><topic>Cone classifiers</topic><topic>Cone-Beam Computed Tomography</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>frontal sinus</topic><topic>Frontal Sinus - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Frontal Sinus - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>orbit</topic><topic>Orbit - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Orbit - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>pneumatization</topic><topic>Sinuses</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Štoković, Nikola</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trkulja, Vladimir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Čuković‐Bagić, Ivana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lauc, Tomislav</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grgurević, Lovorka</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Computer Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Štoković, Nikola</au><au>Trkulja, Vladimir</au><au>Čuković‐Bagić, Ivana</au><au>Lauc, Tomislav</au><au>Grgurević, Lovorka</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Anatomical variations of the frontal sinus and its relationship with the orbital cavity</atitle><jtitle>Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.)</jtitle><addtitle>Clin Anat</addtitle><date>2018-05</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>31</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>576</spage><epage>582</epage><pages>576-582</pages><issn>0897-3806</issn><eissn>1098-2353</eissn><abstract>The anatomy of the frontal sinus is highly variable and its variations affect the occurrence/course of pathological processes. We investigated its size and relationship to the orbit, searching for patterns that would allow it to be classified anatomically. Cone beam computed tomography was applied to 91 skulls (age range 21–86 years) to determine sinus height, width, length, and length of contact with the orbit in the coronal and sagittal planes. In addition, orbital roof pneumatization in the coronal plane was categorized as: none; only medial part pneumatized; the medial and a portion of the central part pneumatized; roof predominantly pneumatized. Sinus dimensions varied widely (mm): height 6.2–50.0; width 3.7–54.0; length 2.4–45.0; frontal orbital contact 4.0–41.6; sagittal orbital contact 0.0–41.2. Pneumatization of the orbital roof (coronal plane) mostly affected the medial and a portion of the central part (50%), or the roof was predominantly pneumatized (32%). Three “types” of sinus (cluster analysis) were distinguished by the extent of pneumatization of the orbital roof in the coronal plane: “small”, pneumatization absent or only of the medial part; “medium‐sized”, pneumatization of the medial and a portion of the central part; “large”, roof predominantly pneumatized. All dimensions were significantly different among the types (P < 0.001). Sinus type was fairly predictive of the extent of contact with the orbit in the sagittal plane (not routinely assessed clinically). The data confirm the variability of frontal sinus anatomy and suggest a simple and straightforward classification with potential clinical relevance. Clin. Anat. 31:576–582, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><pmid>29044800</pmid><doi>10.1002/ca.22999</doi><tpages>7</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8632-0376</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Anatomic Variation anatomical variations Anatomy CBCT classification Cluster analysis Computed tomography Cone classifiers Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Female frontal sinus Frontal Sinus - anatomy & histology Frontal Sinus - diagnostic imaging Humans Male Middle Aged orbit Orbit - anatomy & histology Orbit - diagnostic imaging pneumatization Sinuses Young Adult |
| title | Anatomical variations of the frontal sinus and its relationship with the orbital cavity |
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