Exposure to Refractory Ceramic Fibres in the Metal Industry
Refractory ceramic fibres (RCF) are used in thermal isolation in the metal industry where high temperatures are regularly employed. Asbestos materials were earlier commonly used for these purposes. In this work, two Finnish steel plants, three foundries and a repair shop were studied for the ceramic...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The Annals of occupational hygiene 2007-08, Vol.51 (6), p.509-516 |
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| creator | LINNAINMAA, MARKKU KANGAS, JUHANI MÄKINEN, MILJA METSÄRINNE, SIRPA TOSSAVAINEN, ANTTI SÄNTTI, JAAKKO VETELI, MARIKA SAVOLAINEN, HEIKKI KALLIOKOSKI, PENTTI |
| description | Refractory ceramic fibres (RCF) are used in thermal isolation in the metal industry where high temperatures are regularly employed. Asbestos materials were earlier commonly used for these purposes. In this work, two Finnish steel plants, three foundries and a repair shop were studied for the ceramic fibre exposure of their workers under normal production and during the replacement of oven insulation. Personal and stationary sampling was used together with a novel nasal lavage sampling for the evaluation of personal exposure. Fibres were counted with optical and electron microscopy and they were identified using an energy-dispersive X-ray analyser. Ceramic fibres were found in most production phases [range |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/annhyg/mem027 |
| format | Article |
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Asbestos materials were earlier commonly used for these purposes. In this work, two Finnish steel plants, three foundries and a repair shop were studied for the ceramic fibre exposure of their workers under normal production and during the replacement of oven insulation. Personal and stationary sampling was used together with a novel nasal lavage sampling for the evaluation of personal exposure. Fibres were counted with optical and electron microscopy and they were identified using an energy-dispersive X-ray analyser. Ceramic fibres were found in most production phases [range <0.01–0.29 fibres per cubic centimetre (f cm−3)]. Considerably higher fibre counts were obtained during the maintenance work (range <0.01–14.2 f cm−3). Nasal sampling was found to correlate with the airborne fibre concentrations at the group level. The mean fibre concentrations varied from 34 to 6680 f ml−1 of lavage liquid. Use of personal respiratory protectors diminished the exposure on the average as analysed in the lavage specimens, but the effect of respirator use did not appear clearly in the results. Because of the heat conditions, the workers used the respirators for a strict minimum period. A considerable exposure to RCF occurs in the studied plants. Its risk should be evaluated and managed more closely in view that the material is carcinogenic. Use of personal respiratory protectors should be encouraged. Their effective use could be verified by the nasal sampling for fibres after the work shift.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0003-4878</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1475-3162</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1475-3162</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/mem027</identifier><identifier>PMID: 17607019</identifier><identifier>CODEN: AOHYA3</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford: Oxford University Press</publisher><subject>Air Pollutants, Occupational - analysis ; Air Pollutants, Occupational - toxicity ; Biological and medical sciences ; Ceramics - analysis ; Ceramics - toxicity ; Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases ; Dust - analysis ; exposure ; Finland ; foundries ; Humans ; Inhalation Exposure - adverse effects ; Inhalation Exposure - analysis ; Medical sciences ; Metallurgy ; Metals and various inorganic compounds ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning - methods ; Mineral Fibers - analysis ; Mineral Fibers - toxicity ; Nasal Lavage Fluid - chemistry ; nasal sampling ; Occupational Exposure - adverse effects ; Occupational Exposure - analysis ; refractory ceramic fibres ; respirators ; Steel ; steel plants ; Toxicology</subject><ispartof>The Annals of occupational hygiene, 2007-08, Vol.51 (6), p.509-516</ispartof><rights>The Author 2007. 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Asbestos materials were earlier commonly used for these purposes. In this work, two Finnish steel plants, three foundries and a repair shop were studied for the ceramic fibre exposure of their workers under normal production and during the replacement of oven insulation. Personal and stationary sampling was used together with a novel nasal lavage sampling for the evaluation of personal exposure. Fibres were counted with optical and electron microscopy and they were identified using an energy-dispersive X-ray analyser. Ceramic fibres were found in most production phases [range <0.01–0.29 fibres per cubic centimetre (f cm−3)]. Considerably higher fibre counts were obtained during the maintenance work (range <0.01–14.2 f cm−3). Nasal sampling was found to correlate with the airborne fibre concentrations at the group level. The mean fibre concentrations varied from 34 to 6680 f ml−1 of lavage liquid. Use of personal respiratory protectors diminished the exposure on the average as analysed in the lavage specimens, but the effect of respirator use did not appear clearly in the results. Because of the heat conditions, the workers used the respirators for a strict minimum period. A considerable exposure to RCF occurs in the studied plants. Its risk should be evaluated and managed more closely in view that the material is carcinogenic. Use of personal respiratory protectors should be encouraged. Their effective use could be verified by the nasal sampling for fibres after the work shift.</description><subject>Air Pollutants, Occupational - analysis</subject><subject>Air Pollutants, Occupational - toxicity</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Ceramics - analysis</subject><subject>Ceramics - toxicity</subject><subject>Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases</subject><subject>Dust - analysis</subject><subject>exposure</subject><subject>Finland</subject><subject>foundries</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Inhalation Exposure - adverse effects</subject><subject>Inhalation Exposure - analysis</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Metallurgy</subject><subject>Metals and various inorganic compounds</subject><subject>Microscopy, Electron, Scanning - methods</subject><subject>Mineral Fibers - analysis</subject><subject>Mineral Fibers - toxicity</subject><subject>Nasal Lavage Fluid - chemistry</subject><subject>nasal sampling</subject><subject>Occupational Exposure - adverse effects</subject><subject>Occupational Exposure - analysis</subject><subject>refractory ceramic fibres</subject><subject>respirators</subject><subject>Steel</subject><subject>steel plants</subject><subject>Toxicology</subject><issn>0003-4878</issn><issn>1475-3162</issn><issn>1475-3162</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2007</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqF0MtLw0AQBvBFFFurR6-Si-Iluo_sboInqX1JRRAV6WXZbKY2mkfdTaD9701JsEdPw8CPb4YPoXOCbwiO2K0uitX28zaHHFN5gPokkNxnRNBD1McYMz8IZdhDJ859NWvAInKMekQKLDGJ-uhutFmXrrbgVaX3AkurTVXarTcEq_PUeOM0tuC8tPCqFXhPUOnMmxVJ7Sq7PUVHS505OOvmAL2NR6_DqT9_nsyG93PfBIJWPg9NAkAFJrGgUTNpIALghmKWaMMpJ4RpKmItpYniMNBamCSkHJIYQooNG6CrNndty58aXKXy1BnIMl1AWTtFIr6LpA30W2hs6ZyFpVrbNNd2qwhWu7ZU25Zq22r8RRdcxzkke93V04DLDmhndNa0U5jU7V1ERICjnbtuXVmv_73Z_Zi6CjZ_WNtvJSSTXE0_FmqBJ_LxnQv1wH4B35iQdg</recordid><startdate>20070801</startdate><enddate>20070801</enddate><creator>LINNAINMAA, MARKKU</creator><creator>KANGAS, JUHANI</creator><creator>MÄKINEN, MILJA</creator><creator>METSÄRINNE, SIRPA</creator><creator>TOSSAVAINEN, ANTTI</creator><creator>SÄNTTI, JAAKKO</creator><creator>VETELI, MARIKA</creator><creator>SAVOLAINEN, HEIKKI</creator><creator>KALLIOKOSKI, PENTTI</creator><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7U1</scope><scope>7U2</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>C1K</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20070801</creationdate><title>Exposure to Refractory Ceramic Fibres in the Metal Industry</title><author>LINNAINMAA, MARKKU ; KANGAS, JUHANI ; MÄKINEN, MILJA ; METSÄRINNE, SIRPA ; TOSSAVAINEN, ANTTI ; SÄNTTI, JAAKKO ; VETELI, MARIKA ; SAVOLAINEN, HEIKKI ; KALLIOKOSKI, PENTTI</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c462t-58cdee2601b6292602464e5c203dac525113a26ba77c9b84aa6cd825edbe820c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2007</creationdate><topic>Air Pollutants, Occupational - analysis</topic><topic>Air Pollutants, Occupational - toxicity</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Ceramics - analysis</topic><topic>Ceramics - toxicity</topic><topic>Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases</topic><topic>Dust - analysis</topic><topic>exposure</topic><topic>Finland</topic><topic>foundries</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Inhalation Exposure - adverse effects</topic><topic>Inhalation Exposure - analysis</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Metallurgy</topic><topic>Metals and various inorganic compounds</topic><topic>Microscopy, Electron, Scanning - methods</topic><topic>Mineral Fibers - analysis</topic><topic>Mineral Fibers - toxicity</topic><topic>Nasal Lavage Fluid - chemistry</topic><topic>nasal sampling</topic><topic>Occupational Exposure - adverse effects</topic><topic>Occupational Exposure - analysis</topic><topic>refractory ceramic fibres</topic><topic>respirators</topic><topic>Steel</topic><topic>steel plants</topic><topic>Toxicology</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>LINNAINMAA, MARKKU</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>KANGAS, JUHANI</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MÄKINEN, MILJA</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>METSÄRINNE, SIRPA</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>TOSSAVAINEN, ANTTI</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SÄNTTI, JAAKKO</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>VETELI, MARIKA</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SAVOLAINEN, HEIKKI</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>KALLIOKOSKI, PENTTI</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Risk Abstracts</collection><collection>Safety Science and Risk</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><jtitle>The Annals of occupational hygiene</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>LINNAINMAA, MARKKU</au><au>KANGAS, JUHANI</au><au>MÄKINEN, MILJA</au><au>METSÄRINNE, SIRPA</au><au>TOSSAVAINEN, ANTTI</au><au>SÄNTTI, JAAKKO</au><au>VETELI, MARIKA</au><au>SAVOLAINEN, HEIKKI</au><au>KALLIOKOSKI, PENTTI</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Exposure to Refractory Ceramic Fibres in the Metal Industry</atitle><jtitle>The Annals of occupational hygiene</jtitle><addtitle>Ann Occup Hyg</addtitle><date>2007-08-01</date><risdate>2007</risdate><volume>51</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>509</spage><epage>516</epage><pages>509-516</pages><issn>0003-4878</issn><issn>1475-3162</issn><eissn>1475-3162</eissn><coden>AOHYA3</coden><abstract>Refractory ceramic fibres (RCF) are used in thermal isolation in the metal industry where high temperatures are regularly employed. Asbestos materials were earlier commonly used for these purposes. In this work, two Finnish steel plants, three foundries and a repair shop were studied for the ceramic fibre exposure of their workers under normal production and during the replacement of oven insulation. Personal and stationary sampling was used together with a novel nasal lavage sampling for the evaluation of personal exposure. Fibres were counted with optical and electron microscopy and they were identified using an energy-dispersive X-ray analyser. Ceramic fibres were found in most production phases [range <0.01–0.29 fibres per cubic centimetre (f cm−3)]. Considerably higher fibre counts were obtained during the maintenance work (range <0.01–14.2 f cm−3). Nasal sampling was found to correlate with the airborne fibre concentrations at the group level. The mean fibre concentrations varied from 34 to 6680 f ml−1 of lavage liquid. Use of personal respiratory protectors diminished the exposure on the average as analysed in the lavage specimens, but the effect of respirator use did not appear clearly in the results. Because of the heat conditions, the workers used the respirators for a strict minimum period. A considerable exposure to RCF occurs in the studied plants. Its risk should be evaluated and managed more closely in view that the material is carcinogenic. Use of personal respiratory protectors should be encouraged. Their effective use could be verified by the nasal sampling for fibres after the work shift.</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><pub>Oxford University Press</pub><pmid>17607019</pmid><doi>10.1093/annhyg/mem027</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | The Annals of occupational hygiene, 2007-08, Vol.51 (6), p.509-516 |
| issn | 0003-4878 1475-3162 1475-3162 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current); Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Air Pollutants, Occupational - analysis Air Pollutants, Occupational - toxicity Biological and medical sciences Ceramics - analysis Ceramics - toxicity Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases Dust - analysis exposure Finland foundries Humans Inhalation Exposure - adverse effects Inhalation Exposure - analysis Medical sciences Metallurgy Metals and various inorganic compounds Microscopy, Electron, Scanning - methods Mineral Fibers - analysis Mineral Fibers - toxicity Nasal Lavage Fluid - chemistry nasal sampling Occupational Exposure - adverse effects Occupational Exposure - analysis refractory ceramic fibres respirators Steel steel plants Toxicology |
| title | Exposure to Refractory Ceramic Fibres in the Metal Industry |
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