Understanding the net effects of pesticides on amphibian trematode infections

Anthropogenic factors can have simultaneous positive and negative effects on parasite transmission, and thus it is important to quantify their net effects on disease risk. Net effects will be a product of changes in the survival and traits (e.g., susceptibility, infectivity) of both hosts and parasi...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Ecological applications 2008-10, Vol.18 (7), p.1743-1753
Hauptverfasser:	Rohr, Jason R, Raffel, Thomas R, Sessions, Stanley K, Hudson, Peter J
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	adverse effects Amphibians animal parasites and pests Animals application rate atrazine carbaryl Cercariae decline density-mediated or trait-mediated Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Echinostoma trivolvis Echinostoma trivolvis trematode Echinostomiasis - drug therapy Echinostomiasis - parasitology Echinostomiasis - transmission Echinostomiasis - veterinary ecotoxicology fecundity flukes Freshwater Frogs glyphosate herbicide indirect effect Infections insecticide intermediate hosts lethal concentration 50 malathion Mortality parasite Parasite hosts Parasites Pesticides Pesticides - pharmacology Planorbella trivolvis Planorbella trivolvis snail Planorbidae Rana Rana clamitans Rana clamitans amphibian Ranidae - parasitology risk assessment Snails sublethal effects Tadpoles temporal variation trematode infections virulence
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