Region-specific neutralization of Indian cobra (Naja naja) venom by polyclonal antibody raised against the eastern regional venom: A comparative study of the venoms from three different geographical distributions
Indian cobra (Naja naja) venoms from different geographical locations vary in their composition, biochemical, and pharmacological properties. Venom samples from eastern, western and southern India are compared in this study. The venom from eastern region was found to be the most lethal of the three...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International immunopharmacology 2007-01, Vol.7 (1), p.61-69 |
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| description | Indian cobra (Naja naja) venoms from different geographical locations vary in their composition, biochemical, and pharmacological properties. Venom samples from eastern, western and southern India are compared in this study. The venom from eastern region was found to be the most lethal of the three regional venoms. Monovalent antivenom (NNEV-IgG) prepared against the eastern venom was found to cross-react with the other two regional venoms. NNEV-IgG at an Ag:Ab ratio of 1:25 completely neutralized the lethality of eastern venom. At this ratio, it did not neutralize the other two venoms, but the survival time of experimental mice was extended significantly. Commercially available polyvalent antivenom neutralized the lethality of western venom at an Ag:Ab ratio of 1:60 and increased the survival time of experimental mice injected with eastern and southern venoms marginally. Further, NNEV-IgG neutralized the tested pharmacological and enzymatic activities of all the three venom samples dose dependently, with neutralization potency varying with the geographic origin of the tested venoms. Thus, the present study demonstrates the diversity in the immunological properties of venom from different geographical regions and underscores the importance of developing region-specific antivenoms for therapeutic purpose. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.intimp.2006.08.014 |
| format | Article |
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Venom samples from eastern, western and southern India are compared in this study. The venom from eastern region was found to be the most lethal of the three regional venoms. Monovalent antivenom (NNEV-IgG) prepared against the eastern venom was found to cross-react with the other two regional venoms. NNEV-IgG at an Ag:Ab ratio of 1:25 completely neutralized the lethality of eastern venom. At this ratio, it did not neutralize the other two venoms, but the survival time of experimental mice was extended significantly. Commercially available polyvalent antivenom neutralized the lethality of western venom at an Ag:Ab ratio of 1:60 and increased the survival time of experimental mice injected with eastern and southern venoms marginally. Further, NNEV-IgG neutralized the tested pharmacological and enzymatic activities of all the three venom samples dose dependently, with neutralization potency varying with the geographic origin of the tested venoms. Thus, the present study demonstrates the diversity in the immunological properties of venom from different geographical regions and underscores the importance of developing region-specific antivenoms for therapeutic purpose.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1567-5769</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1878-1705</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2006.08.014</identifier><identifier>PMID: 17161818</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Amsterdam: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Animals ; Antivenins - immunology ; Antivenins - pharmacology ; Biological and medical sciences ; Caseins - metabolism ; Creatine Kinase - antagonists & inhibitors ; Creatine Kinase - blood ; Edema - chemically induced ; Edema - prevention & control ; Elapid Venoms - immunology ; Elapid Venoms - pharmacology ; Elapidae - immunology ; Erythrocytes - drug effects ; Geography ; Hemolysis - drug effects ; Humans ; Hyaluronoglucosaminidase - antagonists & inhibitors ; Hyaluronoglucosaminidase - metabolism ; Indian cobra ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase - antagonists & inhibitors ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase - blood ; Lethal Dose 50 ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Mice ; Monovalent antivenom ; Naja naja ; Neutralization ; Pharmacology. Drug treatments ; Phospholipases - antagonists & inhibitors ; Phospholipases - metabolism ; Polyvalent antivenom ; Prothrombin Time ; Rabbits ; Venom variations</subject><ispartof>International immunopharmacology, 2007-01, Vol.7 (1), p.61-69</ispartof><rights>2006</rights><rights>2007 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c421t-680fb6d640464963cac774411054bcfcdfe25404e627871a2d27f3ab3eea60b53</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c421t-680fb6d640464963cac774411054bcfcdfe25404e627871a2d27f3ab3eea60b53</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2006.08.014$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,778,782,3539,4012,27906,27907,27908,45978</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=18403226$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17161818$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Shashidharamurthy, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kemparaju, K.</creatorcontrib><title>Region-specific neutralization of Indian cobra (Naja naja) venom by polyclonal antibody raised against the eastern regional venom: A comparative study of the venoms from three different geographical distributions</title><title>International immunopharmacology</title><addtitle>Int Immunopharmacol</addtitle><description>Indian cobra (Naja naja) venoms from different geographical locations vary in their composition, biochemical, and pharmacological properties. Venom samples from eastern, western and southern India are compared in this study. The venom from eastern region was found to be the most lethal of the three regional venoms. Monovalent antivenom (NNEV-IgG) prepared against the eastern venom was found to cross-react with the other two regional venoms. NNEV-IgG at an Ag:Ab ratio of 1:25 completely neutralized the lethality of eastern venom. At this ratio, it did not neutralize the other two venoms, but the survival time of experimental mice was extended significantly. Commercially available polyvalent antivenom neutralized the lethality of western venom at an Ag:Ab ratio of 1:60 and increased the survival time of experimental mice injected with eastern and southern venoms marginally. Further, NNEV-IgG neutralized the tested pharmacological and enzymatic activities of all the three venom samples dose dependently, with neutralization potency varying with the geographic origin of the tested venoms. Thus, the present study demonstrates the diversity in the immunological properties of venom from different geographical regions and underscores the importance of developing region-specific antivenoms for therapeutic purpose.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antivenins - immunology</subject><subject>Antivenins - pharmacology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Caseins - metabolism</subject><subject>Creatine Kinase - antagonists & inhibitors</subject><subject>Creatine Kinase - blood</subject><subject>Edema - chemically induced</subject><subject>Edema - prevention & control</subject><subject>Elapid Venoms - immunology</subject><subject>Elapid Venoms - pharmacology</subject><subject>Elapidae - immunology</subject><subject>Erythrocytes - drug effects</subject><subject>Geography</subject><subject>Hemolysis - drug effects</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hyaluronoglucosaminidase - antagonists & inhibitors</subject><subject>Hyaluronoglucosaminidase - metabolism</subject><subject>Indian cobra</subject><subject>L-Lactate Dehydrogenase - antagonists & inhibitors</subject><subject>L-Lactate Dehydrogenase - blood</subject><subject>Lethal Dose 50</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Monovalent antivenom</subject><subject>Naja naja</subject><subject>Neutralization</subject><subject>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</subject><subject>Phospholipases - antagonists & inhibitors</subject><subject>Phospholipases - metabolism</subject><subject>Polyvalent antivenom</subject><subject>Prothrombin Time</subject><subject>Rabbits</subject><subject>Venom variations</subject><issn>1567-5769</issn><issn>1878-1705</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2007</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kd2KFDEQhRtR3HX1DURyo-hFj0l3OunxQlgWfxYWBdHrUJ1UZjN0J22SHhif0wcy8wN7500SKl-dU9SpqpeMrhhl4v125Xx207xqKBUr2q8o44-qS9bLvmaSdo_LuxOy7qRYX1TPUtpSWuqcPa0umGSC9ay_rP7-wI0Lvk4zamedJh6XHGF0fyCXOgmW3HrjwBMdhgjk7TfYAvHleEd26MNEhj2Zw7jXY_AwEigzDcHsSQSX0BDYgPMpk3yPBCFljJ7Eo2WBjwIfyHXRnmaIxXGHJOWltBffQ8uRSMTGYpTvIyIxzlqM6DPZYNhEmO-dLlLGpRzdsByGTs-rJxbGhC_O91X16_Onnzdf67vvX25vru9qzRuWa9FTOwgjOOWCr0WrQUvJOWO044O22lhsuvKJopG9ZNCYRtoWhhYRBB269qp6c9KdY_i9YMpqcknjOILHsCTF1lyuOWsLyE-gjiGliFbN0U0Q94pRdUhTbdUpTXVIU9FelTRL26uz_jJMaB6azvEV4PUZgFS2YCN47dID13PaNo0o3McTh2UbO4dRJe3QazQuos7KBPf_Sf4BlpvFaA</recordid><startdate>200701</startdate><enddate>200701</enddate><creator>Shashidharamurthy, R.</creator><creator>Kemparaju, K.</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>H94</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200701</creationdate><title>Region-specific neutralization of Indian cobra (Naja naja) venom by polyclonal antibody raised against the eastern regional venom: A comparative study of the venoms from three different geographical distributions</title><author>Shashidharamurthy, R. ; Kemparaju, K.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c421t-680fb6d640464963cac774411054bcfcdfe25404e627871a2d27f3ab3eea60b53</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2007</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Antivenins - immunology</topic><topic>Antivenins - pharmacology</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Caseins - metabolism</topic><topic>Creatine Kinase - antagonists & inhibitors</topic><topic>Creatine Kinase - blood</topic><topic>Edema - chemically induced</topic><topic>Edema - prevention & control</topic><topic>Elapid Venoms - immunology</topic><topic>Elapid Venoms - pharmacology</topic><topic>Elapidae - immunology</topic><topic>Erythrocytes - drug effects</topic><topic>Geography</topic><topic>Hemolysis - drug effects</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hyaluronoglucosaminidase - antagonists & inhibitors</topic><topic>Hyaluronoglucosaminidase - metabolism</topic><topic>Indian cobra</topic><topic>L-Lactate Dehydrogenase - antagonists & inhibitors</topic><topic>L-Lactate Dehydrogenase - blood</topic><topic>Lethal Dose 50</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>Monovalent antivenom</topic><topic>Naja naja</topic><topic>Neutralization</topic><topic>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</topic><topic>Phospholipases - antagonists & inhibitors</topic><topic>Phospholipases - metabolism</topic><topic>Polyvalent antivenom</topic><topic>Prothrombin Time</topic><topic>Rabbits</topic><topic>Venom variations</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Shashidharamurthy, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kemparaju, K.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><jtitle>International immunopharmacology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Shashidharamurthy, R.</au><au>Kemparaju, K.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Region-specific neutralization of Indian cobra (Naja naja) venom by polyclonal antibody raised against the eastern regional venom: A comparative study of the venoms from three different geographical distributions</atitle><jtitle>International immunopharmacology</jtitle><addtitle>Int Immunopharmacol</addtitle><date>2007-01</date><risdate>2007</risdate><volume>7</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>61</spage><epage>69</epage><pages>61-69</pages><issn>1567-5769</issn><eissn>1878-1705</eissn><abstract>Indian cobra (Naja naja) venoms from different geographical locations vary in their composition, biochemical, and pharmacological properties. Venom samples from eastern, western and southern India are compared in this study. The venom from eastern region was found to be the most lethal of the three regional venoms. Monovalent antivenom (NNEV-IgG) prepared against the eastern venom was found to cross-react with the other two regional venoms. NNEV-IgG at an Ag:Ab ratio of 1:25 completely neutralized the lethality of eastern venom. At this ratio, it did not neutralize the other two venoms, but the survival time of experimental mice was extended significantly. Commercially available polyvalent antivenom neutralized the lethality of western venom at an Ag:Ab ratio of 1:60 and increased the survival time of experimental mice injected with eastern and southern venoms marginally. Further, NNEV-IgG neutralized the tested pharmacological and enzymatic activities of all the three venom samples dose dependently, with neutralization potency varying with the geographic origin of the tested venoms. Thus, the present study demonstrates the diversity in the immunological properties of venom from different geographical regions and underscores the importance of developing region-specific antivenoms for therapeutic purpose.</abstract><cop>Amsterdam</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>17161818</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.intimp.2006.08.014</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals |
| subjects | Animals Antivenins - immunology Antivenins - pharmacology Biological and medical sciences Caseins - metabolism Creatine Kinase - antagonists & inhibitors Creatine Kinase - blood Edema - chemically induced Edema - prevention & control Elapid Venoms - immunology Elapid Venoms - pharmacology Elapidae - immunology Erythrocytes - drug effects Geography Hemolysis - drug effects Humans Hyaluronoglucosaminidase - antagonists & inhibitors Hyaluronoglucosaminidase - metabolism Indian cobra L-Lactate Dehydrogenase - antagonists & inhibitors L-Lactate Dehydrogenase - blood Lethal Dose 50 Male Medical sciences Mice Monovalent antivenom Naja naja Neutralization Pharmacology. Drug treatments Phospholipases - antagonists & inhibitors Phospholipases - metabolism Polyvalent antivenom Prothrombin Time Rabbits Venom variations |
| title | Region-specific neutralization of Indian cobra (Naja naja) venom by polyclonal antibody raised against the eastern regional venom: A comparative study of the venoms from three different geographical distributions |
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