Feasibility of the 2-Point Method for Determining the 1-Repetition Maximum in the Bench Press Exercise
This study compared the concurrent validity and reliability of previously proposed generalized group equations for estimating the bench press (BP) 1-repetition maximum (1RM) with the individualized load-velocity relationship modeled with a 2-point method. Thirty men (BP 1RM relative to body mass: 1....
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of sports physiology and performance 2018-04, Vol.13 (4), p.1-481 |
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| container_title | International journal of sports physiology and performance |
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| creator | García-Ramos, Amador Haff, Guy Gregory Pestaña-Melero, Francisco Luis Pérez-Castilla, Alejandro Rojas, Francisco Javier Balsalobre-Fernández, Carlos Jaric, Slobodan |
| description | This study compared the concurrent validity and reliability of previously proposed generalized group equations for estimating the bench press (BP) 1-repetition maximum (1RM) with the individualized load-velocity relationship modeled with a 2-point method.
Thirty men (BP 1RM relative to body mass: 1.08 [0.18] kg·kg
) performed 2 incremental loading tests in the concentric-only BP exercise and another 2 in the eccentric-concentric BP exercise to assess their actual 1RM and load-velocity relationships. A high velocity (≈1 m·s
) and a low velocity (≈0.5 m·s
) were selected from their load-velocity relationships to estimate the 1RM from generalized group equations and through an individual linear model obtained from the 2 velocities.
The directly measured 1RM was highly correlated with all predicted 1RMs (r = .847-.977). The generalized group equations systematically underestimated the actual 1RM when predicted from the concentric-only BP (P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1123/ijspp.2017-0374 |
| format | Article |
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Thirty men (BP 1RM relative to body mass: 1.08 [0.18] kg·kg
) performed 2 incremental loading tests in the concentric-only BP exercise and another 2 in the eccentric-concentric BP exercise to assess their actual 1RM and load-velocity relationships. A high velocity (≈1 m·s
) and a low velocity (≈0.5 m·s
) were selected from their load-velocity relationships to estimate the 1RM from generalized group equations and through an individual linear model obtained from the 2 velocities.
The directly measured 1RM was highly correlated with all predicted 1RMs (r = .847-.977). The generalized group equations systematically underestimated the actual 1RM when predicted from the concentric-only BP (P < .001; effect size = 0.15-0.94) but overestimated it when predicted from the eccentric-concentric BP (P < .001; effect size = 0.36-0.98). Conversely, a low systematic bias (range: -2.3 to 0.5 kg) and random errors (range: 3.0-3.8 kg), no heteroscedasticity of errors (r
= .053-.082), and trivial effect size (range: -0.17 to 0.04) were observed when the prediction was based on the 2-point method. Although all examined methods reported the 1RM with high reliability (coefficient of variation ≤ 5.1%; intraclass correlation coefficient ≥ .89), the direct method was the most reliable (coefficient of variation < 2.0%; intraclass correlation coefficient ≥ .98).
The quick, fatigue-free, and practical 2-point method was able to predict the BP 1RM with high reliability and practically perfect validity, and therefore, the authors recommend its use over generalized group equations.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1555-0265</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1555-0273</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2017-0374</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28872384</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Human Kinetics</publisher><subject>Velocity</subject><ispartof>International journal of sports physiology and performance, 2018-04, Vol.13 (4), p.1-481</ispartof><rights>Copyright Human Kinetics Apr 2018</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c391t-629599b2a2edc51094cdcfb5638a7401ea5ab8022eb98f0c7e71c6c7de3ac9143</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c391t-629599b2a2edc51094cdcfb5638a7401ea5ab8022eb98f0c7e71c6c7de3ac9143</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28872384$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>García-Ramos, Amador</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Haff, Guy Gregory</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pestaña-Melero, Francisco Luis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pérez-Castilla, Alejandro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rojas, Francisco Javier</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Balsalobre-Fernández, Carlos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jaric, Slobodan</creatorcontrib><title>Feasibility of the 2-Point Method for Determining the 1-Repetition Maximum in the Bench Press Exercise</title><title>International journal of sports physiology and performance</title><addtitle>Int J Sports Physiol Perform</addtitle><description>This study compared the concurrent validity and reliability of previously proposed generalized group equations for estimating the bench press (BP) 1-repetition maximum (1RM) with the individualized load-velocity relationship modeled with a 2-point method.
Thirty men (BP 1RM relative to body mass: 1.08 [0.18] kg·kg
) performed 2 incremental loading tests in the concentric-only BP exercise and another 2 in the eccentric-concentric BP exercise to assess their actual 1RM and load-velocity relationships. A high velocity (≈1 m·s
) and a low velocity (≈0.5 m·s
) were selected from their load-velocity relationships to estimate the 1RM from generalized group equations and through an individual linear model obtained from the 2 velocities.
The directly measured 1RM was highly correlated with all predicted 1RMs (r = .847-.977). The generalized group equations systematically underestimated the actual 1RM when predicted from the concentric-only BP (P < .001; effect size = 0.15-0.94) but overestimated it when predicted from the eccentric-concentric BP (P < .001; effect size = 0.36-0.98). Conversely, a low systematic bias (range: -2.3 to 0.5 kg) and random errors (range: 3.0-3.8 kg), no heteroscedasticity of errors (r
= .053-.082), and trivial effect size (range: -0.17 to 0.04) were observed when the prediction was based on the 2-point method. Although all examined methods reported the 1RM with high reliability (coefficient of variation ≤ 5.1%; intraclass correlation coefficient ≥ .89), the direct method was the most reliable (coefficient of variation < 2.0%; intraclass correlation coefficient ≥ .98).
The quick, fatigue-free, and practical 2-point method was able to predict the BP 1RM with high reliability and practically perfect validity, and therefore, the authors recommend its use over generalized group equations.</description><subject>Velocity</subject><issn>1555-0265</issn><issn>1555-0273</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNpdkUtLxDAQgIMo7vo4e5OAFy_dzaNpmqNvBUURPYc0nbpZtk1NUtB_b3d9HDzNwHzzYD6EjiiZUcr43C1j388YoTIjXOZbaEqFEBlhkm__5YWYoL0Yl4TkIhdkF01YWUrGy3yKmmsw0VVu5dIn9g1OC8Ase_KuS_gB0sLXuPEBX0KC0LrOdW8bhGbP0ENyyfkOP5gP1w4tdt2mdg6dXeCnADHiqw8I1kU4QDuNWUU4_In76PX66uXiNrt_vLm7OLvPLFc0ZQVTQqmKGQa1FZSo3Na2qUTBSyNzQsEIU5WEMahU2RArQVJbWFkDN1bRnO-j0--5ffDvA8SkWxctrFamAz9ETRUXJeWikCN68g9d-iF043WaUUnH5aVUIzX_pmzwMQZodB9ca8KnpkSvFeiNAr1WoNcKxo7jn7lD1UL9x__-nH8B2sCB7A</recordid><startdate>20180401</startdate><enddate>20180401</enddate><creator>García-Ramos, Amador</creator><creator>Haff, Guy Gregory</creator><creator>Pestaña-Melero, Francisco Luis</creator><creator>Pérez-Castilla, Alejandro</creator><creator>Rojas, Francisco Javier</creator><creator>Balsalobre-Fernández, Carlos</creator><creator>Jaric, Slobodan</creator><general>Human Kinetics</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20180401</creationdate><title>Feasibility of the 2-Point Method for Determining the 1-Repetition Maximum in the Bench Press Exercise</title><author>García-Ramos, Amador ; Haff, Guy Gregory ; Pestaña-Melero, Francisco Luis ; Pérez-Castilla, Alejandro ; Rojas, Francisco Javier ; Balsalobre-Fernández, Carlos ; Jaric, Slobodan</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c391t-629599b2a2edc51094cdcfb5638a7401ea5ab8022eb98f0c7e71c6c7de3ac9143</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Velocity</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>García-Ramos, Amador</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Haff, Guy Gregory</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pestaña-Melero, Francisco Luis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pérez-Castilla, Alejandro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rojas, Francisco Javier</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Balsalobre-Fernández, Carlos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jaric, Slobodan</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>International journal of sports physiology and performance</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>García-Ramos, Amador</au><au>Haff, Guy Gregory</au><au>Pestaña-Melero, Francisco Luis</au><au>Pérez-Castilla, Alejandro</au><au>Rojas, Francisco Javier</au><au>Balsalobre-Fernández, Carlos</au><au>Jaric, Slobodan</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Feasibility of the 2-Point Method for Determining the 1-Repetition Maximum in the Bench Press Exercise</atitle><jtitle>International journal of sports physiology and performance</jtitle><addtitle>Int J Sports Physiol Perform</addtitle><date>2018-04-01</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>13</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>1</spage><epage>481</epage><pages>1-481</pages><issn>1555-0265</issn><eissn>1555-0273</eissn><abstract>This study compared the concurrent validity and reliability of previously proposed generalized group equations for estimating the bench press (BP) 1-repetition maximum (1RM) with the individualized load-velocity relationship modeled with a 2-point method.
Thirty men (BP 1RM relative to body mass: 1.08 [0.18] kg·kg
) performed 2 incremental loading tests in the concentric-only BP exercise and another 2 in the eccentric-concentric BP exercise to assess their actual 1RM and load-velocity relationships. A high velocity (≈1 m·s
) and a low velocity (≈0.5 m·s
) were selected from their load-velocity relationships to estimate the 1RM from generalized group equations and through an individual linear model obtained from the 2 velocities.
The directly measured 1RM was highly correlated with all predicted 1RMs (r = .847-.977). The generalized group equations systematically underestimated the actual 1RM when predicted from the concentric-only BP (P < .001; effect size = 0.15-0.94) but overestimated it when predicted from the eccentric-concentric BP (P < .001; effect size = 0.36-0.98). Conversely, a low systematic bias (range: -2.3 to 0.5 kg) and random errors (range: 3.0-3.8 kg), no heteroscedasticity of errors (r
= .053-.082), and trivial effect size (range: -0.17 to 0.04) were observed when the prediction was based on the 2-point method. Although all examined methods reported the 1RM with high reliability (coefficient of variation ≤ 5.1%; intraclass correlation coefficient ≥ .89), the direct method was the most reliable (coefficient of variation < 2.0%; intraclass correlation coefficient ≥ .98).
The quick, fatigue-free, and practical 2-point method was able to predict the BP 1RM with high reliability and practically perfect validity, and therefore, the authors recommend its use over generalized group equations.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Human Kinetics</pub><pmid>28872384</pmid><doi>10.1123/ijspp.2017-0374</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
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| title | Feasibility of the 2-Point Method for Determining the 1-Repetition Maximum in the Bench Press Exercise |
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