BIOPAN experiment LICHENS on the Foton M2 mission: Pre-flight verification tests of the Rhizocarpon geographicum-granite ecosystem
The objective of the LICHENS space experiment within the BIOPAN facility of ESA on board of the Russian Foton satellite is to test the limits of life in the hostile environment of space, and the effects of selected parameters, such as space vacuum and specific wavelength bands of extraterrestrial UV...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Advances in space research 2007, Vol.40 (11), p.1665-1671 |
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creator | de la Torre Noetzel, R. Sancho, L.G. Pintado, A. Rettberg, P. Rabbow, E. Panitz, C. Deutschmann, U. Reina, M. Horneck, G. |
description | The objective of the LICHENS space experiment within the BIOPAN facility of ESA on board of the Russian Foton satellite is to test the limits of life in the hostile environment of space, and the effects of selected parameters, such as space vacuum and specific wavelength bands of extraterrestrial UV-radiation, on the viability of lichens. In preparation of this space experiment, pre-flight verification tests were performed with the lichen system
Rhizocarpon geographicum on its natural granite substrate using the Planetary and Space Simulation Facilities at the DLR in Cologne, Germany. The test parameters (high temperature, UV-radiation, vacuum) were adjusted to the conditions expected to be experienced during the 15
days long space mission of LICHENS. After exposure, the maximum quantum yield of photosynthetic activity was determined as a measure of survivability of the lichen. The lichen
R. geographicum was capable to fully recover from exposures to vacuum (up to 3
×
10
−6
hPa for 1 week), to the full spectrum of UV-radiation (>200
nm for up to 20
h giving a final fluence of 10.89
×
10
6
J/m
2), as well as to a combined treatment with both simulated space parameters. It was less resistant to heating: after 1 week at 40
°C the photosynthetic activity was reduced by about 20%. The results demonstrate the high resistance of the
R. geographicum-granite ecosystem to simulated space conditions and justify its use in the LICHENS space experiment. It might even be capable of coping with the intense influx of extraterrestrial solar UV-radiation, which so far no biological system was able to withstand. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.asr.2007.02.022 |
format | Article |
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Rhizocarpon geographicum on its natural granite substrate using the Planetary and Space Simulation Facilities at the DLR in Cologne, Germany. The test parameters (high temperature, UV-radiation, vacuum) were adjusted to the conditions expected to be experienced during the 15
days long space mission of LICHENS. After exposure, the maximum quantum yield of photosynthetic activity was determined as a measure of survivability of the lichen. The lichen
R. geographicum was capable to fully recover from exposures to vacuum (up to 3
×
10
−6
hPa for 1 week), to the full spectrum of UV-radiation (>200
nm for up to 20
h giving a final fluence of 10.89
×
10
6
J/m
2), as well as to a combined treatment with both simulated space parameters. It was less resistant to heating: after 1 week at 40
°C the photosynthetic activity was reduced by about 20%. The results demonstrate the high resistance of the
R. geographicum-granite ecosystem to simulated space conditions and justify its use in the LICHENS space experiment. It might even be capable of coping with the intense influx of extraterrestrial solar UV-radiation, which so far no biological system was able to withstand.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0273-1177</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-1948</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2007.02.022</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Lichens ; Lithopanspermia ; Photosynthetic activity ; Rhizocarpon ; Rhizocarpon geographicum ; Space experiment ; Survival</subject><ispartof>Advances in space research, 2007, Vol.40 (11), p.1665-1671</ispartof><rights>2007 COSPAR</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c394t-650cd8afeb045a95166e102cd03b7c642294cf09088570202acb5ac4ba28f37e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c394t-650cd8afeb045a95166e102cd03b7c642294cf09088570202acb5ac4ba28f37e3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2007.02.022$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,781,785,3551,4025,27928,27929,27930,46000</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>de la Torre Noetzel, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sancho, L.G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pintado, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rettberg, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rabbow, E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Panitz, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Deutschmann, U.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reina, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Horneck, G.</creatorcontrib><title>BIOPAN experiment LICHENS on the Foton M2 mission: Pre-flight verification tests of the Rhizocarpon geographicum-granite ecosystem</title><title>Advances in space research</title><description>The objective of the LICHENS space experiment within the BIOPAN facility of ESA on board of the Russian Foton satellite is to test the limits of life in the hostile environment of space, and the effects of selected parameters, such as space vacuum and specific wavelength bands of extraterrestrial UV-radiation, on the viability of lichens. In preparation of this space experiment, pre-flight verification tests were performed with the lichen system
Rhizocarpon geographicum on its natural granite substrate using the Planetary and Space Simulation Facilities at the DLR in Cologne, Germany. The test parameters (high temperature, UV-radiation, vacuum) were adjusted to the conditions expected to be experienced during the 15
days long space mission of LICHENS. After exposure, the maximum quantum yield of photosynthetic activity was determined as a measure of survivability of the lichen. The lichen
R. geographicum was capable to fully recover from exposures to vacuum (up to 3
×
10
−6
hPa for 1 week), to the full spectrum of UV-radiation (>200
nm for up to 20
h giving a final fluence of 10.89
×
10
6
J/m
2), as well as to a combined treatment with both simulated space parameters. It was less resistant to heating: after 1 week at 40
°C the photosynthetic activity was reduced by about 20%. The results demonstrate the high resistance of the
R. geographicum-granite ecosystem to simulated space conditions and justify its use in the LICHENS space experiment. It might even be capable of coping with the intense influx of extraterrestrial solar UV-radiation, which so far no biological system was able to withstand.</description><subject>Lichens</subject><subject>Lithopanspermia</subject><subject>Photosynthetic activity</subject><subject>Rhizocarpon</subject><subject>Rhizocarpon geographicum</subject><subject>Space experiment</subject><subject>Survival</subject><issn>0273-1177</issn><issn>1879-1948</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2007</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kElPAzEMhSMEEmX5Adxy4jbFySyZwAmqApXKIpZzlKaeNlU7GZIUAUd-OSnljGTJlvw-y-8RcsKgz4BVZ4u-Dr7PAUQfeCq-Q3qsFjJjsqh3SQ-4yDPGhNgnByEsABgXAnrk-2r08Hh5T_GjQ29X2EY6Hg1uh_fP1LU0zpFeu5imO05XNgTr2nP66DFrlnY2j_Q9QY01OtqNGkMM1DW_2NPcfjmjfZcWM3Qzr7u5NetVlqbWRqRoXPgMEVdHZK_Ry4DHf_2QvF4PXwa32fjhZjS4HGcml0XMqhLMtNYNTqAotSxZVSEDbqaQT4SpCs5lYRqQUNelAA5cm0mpTTHRvG5ygfkhOd3e7bx7W6dfVXJkcLnULbp1UExyWUrGk5Bthca7EDw2qkvRaP-pGKhN2mqhUtpqk7YCnmrDXGwZTA7eLXoVjMXW4NR6NFFNnf2H_gH-44je</recordid><startdate>2007</startdate><enddate>2007</enddate><creator>de la Torre Noetzel, R.</creator><creator>Sancho, L.G.</creator><creator>Pintado, A.</creator><creator>Rettberg, P.</creator><creator>Rabbow, E.</creator><creator>Panitz, C.</creator><creator>Deutschmann, U.</creator><creator>Reina, M.</creator><creator>Horneck, G.</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>M7N</scope></search><sort><creationdate>2007</creationdate><title>BIOPAN experiment LICHENS on the Foton M2 mission: Pre-flight verification tests of the Rhizocarpon geographicum-granite ecosystem</title><author>de la Torre Noetzel, R. ; Sancho, L.G. ; Pintado, A. ; Rettberg, P. ; Rabbow, E. ; Panitz, C. ; Deutschmann, U. ; Reina, M. ; Horneck, G.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c394t-650cd8afeb045a95166e102cd03b7c642294cf09088570202acb5ac4ba28f37e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2007</creationdate><topic>Lichens</topic><topic>Lithopanspermia</topic><topic>Photosynthetic activity</topic><topic>Rhizocarpon</topic><topic>Rhizocarpon geographicum</topic><topic>Space experiment</topic><topic>Survival</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>de la Torre Noetzel, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sancho, L.G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pintado, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rettberg, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rabbow, E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Panitz, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Deutschmann, U.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reina, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Horneck, G.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><jtitle>Advances in space research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>de la Torre Noetzel, R.</au><au>Sancho, L.G.</au><au>Pintado, A.</au><au>Rettberg, P.</au><au>Rabbow, E.</au><au>Panitz, C.</au><au>Deutschmann, U.</au><au>Reina, M.</au><au>Horneck, G.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>BIOPAN experiment LICHENS on the Foton M2 mission: Pre-flight verification tests of the Rhizocarpon geographicum-granite ecosystem</atitle><jtitle>Advances in space research</jtitle><date>2007</date><risdate>2007</risdate><volume>40</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>1665</spage><epage>1671</epage><pages>1665-1671</pages><issn>0273-1177</issn><eissn>1879-1948</eissn><abstract>The objective of the LICHENS space experiment within the BIOPAN facility of ESA on board of the Russian Foton satellite is to test the limits of life in the hostile environment of space, and the effects of selected parameters, such as space vacuum and specific wavelength bands of extraterrestrial UV-radiation, on the viability of lichens. In preparation of this space experiment, pre-flight verification tests were performed with the lichen system
Rhizocarpon geographicum on its natural granite substrate using the Planetary and Space Simulation Facilities at the DLR in Cologne, Germany. The test parameters (high temperature, UV-radiation, vacuum) were adjusted to the conditions expected to be experienced during the 15
days long space mission of LICHENS. After exposure, the maximum quantum yield of photosynthetic activity was determined as a measure of survivability of the lichen. The lichen
R. geographicum was capable to fully recover from exposures to vacuum (up to 3
×
10
−6
hPa for 1 week), to the full spectrum of UV-radiation (>200
nm for up to 20
h giving a final fluence of 10.89
×
10
6
J/m
2), as well as to a combined treatment with both simulated space parameters. It was less resistant to heating: after 1 week at 40
°C the photosynthetic activity was reduced by about 20%. The results demonstrate the high resistance of the
R. geographicum-granite ecosystem to simulated space conditions and justify its use in the LICHENS space experiment. It might even be capable of coping with the intense influx of extraterrestrial solar UV-radiation, which so far no biological system was able to withstand.</abstract><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><doi>10.1016/j.asr.2007.02.022</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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source | Access via ScienceDirect (Elsevier) |
subjects | Lichens Lithopanspermia Photosynthetic activity Rhizocarpon Rhizocarpon geographicum Space experiment Survival |
title | BIOPAN experiment LICHENS on the Foton M2 mission: Pre-flight verification tests of the Rhizocarpon geographicum-granite ecosystem |
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