Patient-Reported Dyspnea Correlates Poorly with Aerobic Exercise Capacity Measured During Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing
Background Patient-reported dyspnea plays a central role in assessing cardiopulmonary disease. There is little evidence, however, that dyspnea correlates with objective exercise capacity measurements. If the correlation is poor, dyspnea as a proxy for objective assessment may be misleading. Objectiv...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Lung 2017-10, Vol.195 (5), p.613-617 |
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| creator | Gaspard, Dany Kass, Jonathan Akers, Stephen Hunter, Krystal Pratter, Melvin |
| description | Background
Patient-reported dyspnea plays a central role in assessing cardiopulmonary disease. There is little evidence, however, that dyspnea correlates with objective exercise capacity measurements. If the correlation is poor, dyspnea as a proxy for objective assessment may be misleading.
Objective
To compare patient’s perception of dyspnea with maximum oxygen uptake (MaxVO2) during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET).
Methods
Fifty patients undergoing CPET for dyspnea evaluation were studied prospectively. Dyspnea assessment was measured by a metabolic equivalent of task (METs) table, Mahler Dyspnea Index, Borg Index, number of blocks walked, and flights of stairs climbed before stopping due to dyspnea. These descriptors were compared to MaxVO2.
Results
MaxVO2 showed low correlation with METs table (
r
= 0.388,
p
= 0.005) and no correlation with Mahler Index (
r
= 0.24,
p
= 0.093), Borg Index (
r
= −0.017,
p
= 0.905), number of blocks walked (
r
= 0.266,
p
= 0.077) or flights of stairs climbed (
r
= 0.188,
p
= 0.217). When adjusted for weight (maxVO2/kg), there was significant correlation between MaxVO2 and METs table (
r
= 0.711,
p
|
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00408-017-0043-0 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_proqu</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1927595200</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A504693166</galeid><sourcerecordid>A504693166</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c508t-f69b671d395535f7f899892df6e0dfdd568876a6f837dccff1fbb5a81ae2ec8a3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kktv1DAUhSMEokPhB7BBkZAQGxc7iR9ZjobykIqoUFlbjnM948qJg-2oDL8eR1NoiwZ5Ycv-zrnWvacoXhJ8RjDm7yLGDRYIE47yqUb4UbEiTV0hwil-XKxw3RBUZeakeBbjNc4gI_RpcVIJ3pKmFavi16VKFsaEvsHkQ4K-fL-P0wiq3PgQwKkEsbz0Prh9eWPTrlxD8J3V5flPCNpGKDdqUtqmffkFVJzD4jAHO27zQ-itn2Y3-FGF_Z3iCmLKwPPiiVEuwovb_bT4_uH8avMJXXz9-HmzvkCaYpGQYW3HOOnrltKaGm5E24q26g0D3Ju-p0wIzhQzoua91sYQ03VUCaKgAi1UfVq8PfhOwf-Yc2052KjBOTWCn6MkbcVpSyuMM_r6H_Taz2HMv8tULVjVEMLvqK1yIO1ofApKL6ZyTXHD2powlil0hNrCCEE5P4Kx-foBf3aEz6uHweqjgjf3BDtQLu2id3OyfowPQXIAdfAxBjByCnbII5EEyyVI8hAkmfMhlyDJpROvbjsxdwP0fxV_kpOB6gDEaZk2hHut-q_rb42I0hk</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1938624117</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Patient-Reported Dyspnea Correlates Poorly with Aerobic Exercise Capacity Measured During Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings</source><creator>Gaspard, Dany ; Kass, Jonathan ; Akers, Stephen ; Hunter, Krystal ; Pratter, Melvin</creator><creatorcontrib>Gaspard, Dany ; Kass, Jonathan ; Akers, Stephen ; Hunter, Krystal ; Pratter, Melvin</creatorcontrib><description>Background
Patient-reported dyspnea plays a central role in assessing cardiopulmonary disease. There is little evidence, however, that dyspnea correlates with objective exercise capacity measurements. If the correlation is poor, dyspnea as a proxy for objective assessment may be misleading.
Objective
To compare patient’s perception of dyspnea with maximum oxygen uptake (MaxVO2) during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET).
Methods
Fifty patients undergoing CPET for dyspnea evaluation were studied prospectively. Dyspnea assessment was measured by a metabolic equivalent of task (METs) table, Mahler Dyspnea Index, Borg Index, number of blocks walked, and flights of stairs climbed before stopping due to dyspnea. These descriptors were compared to MaxVO2.
Results
MaxVO2 showed low correlation with METs table (
r
= 0.388,
p
= 0.005) and no correlation with Mahler Index (
r
= 0.24,
p
= 0.093), Borg Index (
r
= −0.017,
p
= 0.905), number of blocks walked (
r
= 0.266,
p
= 0.077) or flights of stairs climbed (
r
= 0.188,
p
= 0.217). When adjusted for weight (maxVO2/kg), there was significant correlation between MaxVO2 and METs table (
r
= 0.711,
p
< 0.001), moderate correlation with blocks walked (
r
= 0.614,
p
< 0.001), and low correlation with Mahler Index (
r
= 0.488
p
= 0.001), Borg Index (
r
= −0.333
p
= 0.036), and flights of stairs (
r
= 0.457
p
= 0.004). Subgroup analysis showed worse correlation when patients with normal CPET were excluded (12/50 excluded). Patients with BMI < 30 had no correlation between Max VO2 and the assessment methods, while patients with BMI > 30 had moderate correlation between MaxVO2 and METs table (
r
= 0.568,
p
= 0.002).
Conclusion
Patient-reported dyspnea correlates poorly with MaxVO2 and fails to predict exercise capacity. Reliance on reported dyspnea may result in suboptimal categorization of cardiopulmonary disease severity.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0341-2040</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-1750</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00408-017-0043-0</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28791498</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer US</publisher><subject>Adult ; Aerobic capacity ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Analysis ; Body mass ; Cardiopulmonary resuscitation ; Classification ; Correlation analysis ; CPR ; Dyspnea ; Dyspnea - physiopathology ; Exercise ; Exercise - physiology ; Exercise Test ; Exercise tests ; Exercise Tolerance - physiology ; Female ; Health aspects ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Metabolic Equivalent ; Middle Aged ; Oxygen consumption ; Oxygen Consumption - physiology ; Oxygen uptake ; Patients ; Perception (Psychology) ; Pneumology/Respiratory System ; Prospective Studies ; Psychological aspects ; Respiration ; Self Report ; Tables ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Lung, 2017-10, Vol.195 (5), p.613-617</ispartof><rights>Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2017</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2017 Springer</rights><rights>Lung is a copyright of Springer, 2017.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c508t-f69b671d395535f7f899892df6e0dfdd568876a6f837dccff1fbb5a81ae2ec8a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c508t-f69b671d395535f7f899892df6e0dfdd568876a6f837dccff1fbb5a81ae2ec8a3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-8991-2625 ; 0000-0002-7769-5440</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00408-017-0043-0$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00408-017-0043-0$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27923,27924,41487,42556,51318</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28791498$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Gaspard, Dany</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kass, Jonathan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Akers, Stephen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hunter, Krystal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pratter, Melvin</creatorcontrib><title>Patient-Reported Dyspnea Correlates Poorly with Aerobic Exercise Capacity Measured During Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing</title><title>Lung</title><addtitle>Lung</addtitle><addtitle>Lung</addtitle><description>Background
Patient-reported dyspnea plays a central role in assessing cardiopulmonary disease. There is little evidence, however, that dyspnea correlates with objective exercise capacity measurements. If the correlation is poor, dyspnea as a proxy for objective assessment may be misleading.
Objective
To compare patient’s perception of dyspnea with maximum oxygen uptake (MaxVO2) during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET).
Methods
Fifty patients undergoing CPET for dyspnea evaluation were studied prospectively. Dyspnea assessment was measured by a metabolic equivalent of task (METs) table, Mahler Dyspnea Index, Borg Index, number of blocks walked, and flights of stairs climbed before stopping due to dyspnea. These descriptors were compared to MaxVO2.
Results
MaxVO2 showed low correlation with METs table (
r
= 0.388,
p
= 0.005) and no correlation with Mahler Index (
r
= 0.24,
p
= 0.093), Borg Index (
r
= −0.017,
p
= 0.905), number of blocks walked (
r
= 0.266,
p
= 0.077) or flights of stairs climbed (
r
= 0.188,
p
= 0.217). When adjusted for weight (maxVO2/kg), there was significant correlation between MaxVO2 and METs table (
r
= 0.711,
p
< 0.001), moderate correlation with blocks walked (
r
= 0.614,
p
< 0.001), and low correlation with Mahler Index (
r
= 0.488
p
= 0.001), Borg Index (
r
= −0.333
p
= 0.036), and flights of stairs (
r
= 0.457
p
= 0.004). Subgroup analysis showed worse correlation when patients with normal CPET were excluded (12/50 excluded). Patients with BMI < 30 had no correlation between Max VO2 and the assessment methods, while patients with BMI > 30 had moderate correlation between MaxVO2 and METs table (
r
= 0.568,
p
= 0.002).
Conclusion
Patient-reported dyspnea correlates poorly with MaxVO2 and fails to predict exercise capacity. Reliance on reported dyspnea may result in suboptimal categorization of cardiopulmonary disease severity.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aerobic capacity</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Body mass</subject><subject>Cardiopulmonary resuscitation</subject><subject>Classification</subject><subject>Correlation analysis</subject><subject>CPR</subject><subject>Dyspnea</subject><subject>Dyspnea - physiopathology</subject><subject>Exercise</subject><subject>Exercise - physiology</subject><subject>Exercise Test</subject><subject>Exercise tests</subject><subject>Exercise Tolerance - physiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Metabolic Equivalent</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Oxygen consumption</subject><subject>Oxygen Consumption - physiology</subject><subject>Oxygen uptake</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Perception (Psychology)</subject><subject>Pneumology/Respiratory System</subject><subject>Prospective Studies</subject><subject>Psychological aspects</subject><subject>Respiration</subject><subject>Self Report</subject><subject>Tables</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0341-2040</issn><issn>1432-1750</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kktv1DAUhSMEokPhB7BBkZAQGxc7iR9ZjobykIqoUFlbjnM948qJg-2oDL8eR1NoiwZ5Ycv-zrnWvacoXhJ8RjDm7yLGDRYIE47yqUb4UbEiTV0hwil-XKxw3RBUZeakeBbjNc4gI_RpcVIJ3pKmFavi16VKFsaEvsHkQ4K-fL-P0wiq3PgQwKkEsbz0Prh9eWPTrlxD8J3V5flPCNpGKDdqUtqmffkFVJzD4jAHO27zQ-itn2Y3-FGF_Z3iCmLKwPPiiVEuwovb_bT4_uH8avMJXXz9-HmzvkCaYpGQYW3HOOnrltKaGm5E24q26g0D3Ju-p0wIzhQzoua91sYQ03VUCaKgAi1UfVq8PfhOwf-Yc2052KjBOTWCn6MkbcVpSyuMM_r6H_Taz2HMv8tULVjVEMLvqK1yIO1ofApKL6ZyTXHD2powlil0hNrCCEE5P4Kx-foBf3aEz6uHweqjgjf3BDtQLu2id3OyfowPQXIAdfAxBjByCnbII5EEyyVI8hAkmfMhlyDJpROvbjsxdwP0fxV_kpOB6gDEaZk2hHut-q_rb42I0hk</recordid><startdate>20171001</startdate><enddate>20171001</enddate><creator>Gaspard, Dany</creator><creator>Kass, Jonathan</creator><creator>Akers, Stephen</creator><creator>Hunter, Krystal</creator><creator>Pratter, Melvin</creator><general>Springer US</general><general>Springer</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9-</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0R</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8991-2625</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7769-5440</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20171001</creationdate><title>Patient-Reported Dyspnea Correlates Poorly with Aerobic Exercise Capacity Measured During Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing</title><author>Gaspard, Dany ; Kass, Jonathan ; Akers, Stephen ; Hunter, Krystal ; Pratter, Melvin</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c508t-f69b671d395535f7f899892df6e0dfdd568876a6f837dccff1fbb5a81ae2ec8a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aerobic capacity</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Body mass</topic><topic>Cardiopulmonary resuscitation</topic><topic>Classification</topic><topic>Correlation analysis</topic><topic>CPR</topic><topic>Dyspnea</topic><topic>Dyspnea - physiopathology</topic><topic>Exercise</topic><topic>Exercise - physiology</topic><topic>Exercise Test</topic><topic>Exercise tests</topic><topic>Exercise Tolerance - physiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Metabolic Equivalent</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Oxygen consumption</topic><topic>Oxygen Consumption - physiology</topic><topic>Oxygen uptake</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Perception (Psychology)</topic><topic>Pneumology/Respiratory System</topic><topic>Prospective Studies</topic><topic>Psychological aspects</topic><topic>Respiration</topic><topic>Self Report</topic><topic>Tables</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Gaspard, Dany</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kass, Jonathan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Akers, Stephen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hunter, Krystal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pratter, Melvin</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Lung</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Gaspard, Dany</au><au>Kass, Jonathan</au><au>Akers, Stephen</au><au>Hunter, Krystal</au><au>Pratter, Melvin</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Patient-Reported Dyspnea Correlates Poorly with Aerobic Exercise Capacity Measured During Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing</atitle><jtitle>Lung</jtitle><stitle>Lung</stitle><addtitle>Lung</addtitle><date>2017-10-01</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>195</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>613</spage><epage>617</epage><pages>613-617</pages><issn>0341-2040</issn><eissn>1432-1750</eissn><abstract>Background
Patient-reported dyspnea plays a central role in assessing cardiopulmonary disease. There is little evidence, however, that dyspnea correlates with objective exercise capacity measurements. If the correlation is poor, dyspnea as a proxy for objective assessment may be misleading.
Objective
To compare patient’s perception of dyspnea with maximum oxygen uptake (MaxVO2) during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET).
Methods
Fifty patients undergoing CPET for dyspnea evaluation were studied prospectively. Dyspnea assessment was measured by a metabolic equivalent of task (METs) table, Mahler Dyspnea Index, Borg Index, number of blocks walked, and flights of stairs climbed before stopping due to dyspnea. These descriptors were compared to MaxVO2.
Results
MaxVO2 showed low correlation with METs table (
r
= 0.388,
p
= 0.005) and no correlation with Mahler Index (
r
= 0.24,
p
= 0.093), Borg Index (
r
= −0.017,
p
= 0.905), number of blocks walked (
r
= 0.266,
p
= 0.077) or flights of stairs climbed (
r
= 0.188,
p
= 0.217). When adjusted for weight (maxVO2/kg), there was significant correlation between MaxVO2 and METs table (
r
= 0.711,
p
< 0.001), moderate correlation with blocks walked (
r
= 0.614,
p
< 0.001), and low correlation with Mahler Index (
r
= 0.488
p
= 0.001), Borg Index (
r
= −0.333
p
= 0.036), and flights of stairs (
r
= 0.457
p
= 0.004). Subgroup analysis showed worse correlation when patients with normal CPET were excluded (12/50 excluded). Patients with BMI < 30 had no correlation between Max VO2 and the assessment methods, while patients with BMI > 30 had moderate correlation between MaxVO2 and METs table (
r
= 0.568,
p
= 0.002).
Conclusion
Patient-reported dyspnea correlates poorly with MaxVO2 and fails to predict exercise capacity. Reliance on reported dyspnea may result in suboptimal categorization of cardiopulmonary disease severity.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Springer US</pub><pmid>28791498</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00408-017-0043-0</doi><tpages>5</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8991-2625</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7769-5440</orcidid></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
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| ispartof | Lung, 2017-10, Vol.195 (5), p.613-617 |
| issn | 0341-2040 1432-1750 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1927595200 |
| source | MEDLINE; SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Adult Aerobic capacity Aged Aged, 80 and over Analysis Body mass Cardiopulmonary resuscitation Classification Correlation analysis CPR Dyspnea Dyspnea - physiopathology Exercise Exercise - physiology Exercise Test Exercise tests Exercise Tolerance - physiology Female Health aspects Humans Male Medicine Medicine & Public Health Metabolic Equivalent Middle Aged Oxygen consumption Oxygen Consumption - physiology Oxygen uptake Patients Perception (Psychology) Pneumology/Respiratory System Prospective Studies Psychological aspects Respiration Self Report Tables Young Adult |
| title | Patient-Reported Dyspnea Correlates Poorly with Aerobic Exercise Capacity Measured During Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing |
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