Impact of Coxsackievirus A6 emergence on hand, foot, and mouth disease epidemic in Osaka City, Japan

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is an acute febrile illness characterized by fever; sore throat; and vesicular eruptions on the hands, feet, and oral mucosa. Until 2010, HFMD was predominantly associated with enterovirus (EV) A71 and coxsackievirus (CV) A16 in Japan. In 2011, CV‐A6 emerged as a...

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Veröffentlicht in:Journal of medical virology 2017-12, Vol.89 (12), p.2116-2121
Hauptverfasser: Kanbayashi, Daiki, Kaida, Atsushi, Yamamoto, Seiji P., Hirai, Yuki, Kubo, Hideyuki, Fujimori, Ryoko, Hakui, Noritaka, Hirokawa, Hidetetsu, Iritani, Nobuhiro
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container_issue 12
container_start_page 2116
container_title Journal of medical virology
container_volume 89
creator Kanbayashi, Daiki
Kaida, Atsushi
Yamamoto, Seiji P.
Hirai, Yuki
Kubo, Hideyuki
Fujimori, Ryoko
Hakui, Noritaka
Hirokawa, Hidetetsu
Iritani, Nobuhiro
description Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is an acute febrile illness characterized by fever; sore throat; and vesicular eruptions on the hands, feet, and oral mucosa. Until 2010, HFMD was predominantly associated with enterovirus (EV) A71 and coxsackievirus (CV) A16 in Japan. In 2011, CV‐A6 emerged as a primary causative agent, causing the largest HFMD epidemic in Japan since 1981. Since then, CV‐A6 has caused large HFMD epidemics every 2 years. The phylogenetic analysis of complete Viral Protein 1 (VP1) sequences revealed that most CV‐A6 strains detected from 2011 to 2015 in Osaka City were classified into a different clade compared with CV‐A6 strains detected from 1999 until 2009. The majority of CV‐A6 strains detected in 2011 and most CV‐A6 strains detected from 2013 to 2015 were mainly divided into two distinct genetic groups. Each epidemic strain carried unique amino acid substitutions in the presumed DE, EF, and GH loops of the VP1 protein that is exposed on the surface of the virion. There is a possibility that the appearance of substitutions on the surface of the virion and an accumulation of a susceptible population are significant factors in recent HFMD epidemics.
doi_str_mv 10.1002/jmv.24905
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subjects Amino acids
Coxsackieviruses
Disease Outbreaks
Enterovirus A, Human - classification
Enterovirus A, Human - genetics
Enterovirus A, Human - isolation & purification
enteroviruses
Epidemics
Epidemiological Monitoring
Eruptions
Feet
Fever
Genotype
Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease - diagnosis
Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease - epidemiology
Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease - virology
Hand-foot-and-mouth disease
Humans
Japan - epidemiology
Mucosa
Pharyngitis
Pharynx
phylogenetic analysis
Phylogeny
Skin eruptions
viral protein 1
Viral Proteins - genetics
Virions
Virology
VP1 protein
title Impact of Coxsackievirus A6 emergence on hand, foot, and mouth disease epidemic in Osaka City, Japan
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