Shipping noise in a dynamic sea: a case study of grey seals in the Celtic Sea
Shipping noise is a threat to marine wildlife. Grey seals are benthic foragers, and thus experience acoustic noise throughout the water column, which makes them a good model species for a case study of the potential impacts of shipping noise. We used ship track data from the Celtic Sea, seal track d...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Marine pollution bulletin 2017-01, Vol.114 (1), p.372-383 |
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| creator | Chen, F. Shapiro, G.I. Bennett, K.A. Ingram, S.N. Thompson, D. Vincent, C. Russell, D.J.F. Embling, C.B. |
| description | Shipping noise is a threat to marine wildlife. Grey seals are benthic foragers, and thus experience acoustic noise throughout the water column, which makes them a good model species for a case study of the potential impacts of shipping noise. We used ship track data from the Celtic Sea, seal track data and a coupled ocean-acoustic modelling system to assess the noise exposure of grey seals along their tracks. It was found that the animals experience step changes in sound levels up to ~20dB at a frequency of 125Hz, and ~10dB on average over 10–1000Hz when they dive through the thermocline, particularly during summer. Our results showed large seasonal differences in the noise level experienced by the seals. These results reveal the actual noise exposure by the animals and could help in marine spatial planning.
[Display omitted]
•Differences in sound level between the advanced and basic models are up to 40dB.•Sound energy propagates further by tens of kilometres in shallow seas in winter.•The model is able to estimate the sound from moving ships received by moving seals.•Sound exposure experienced by seals is highly seasonally variable.•Seals experience step changes of up to ~20dB (at 125Hz) across the thermocline. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.09.054 |
| format | Article |
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[Display omitted]
•Differences in sound level between the advanced and basic models are up to 40dB.•Sound energy propagates further by tens of kilometres in shallow seas in winter.•The model is able to estimate the sound from moving ships received by moving seals.•Sound exposure experienced by seals is highly seasonally variable.•Seals experience step changes of up to ~20dB (at 125Hz) across the thermocline.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0025-326X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-3363</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.09.054</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27677390</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Acoustic modelling ; Acoustics ; Animal Communication ; Animals ; Anthropogenic noise ; Environmental Monitoring - methods ; Halichoerus grypus ; Marine ; Marine animals ; Models, Theoretical ; Noise, Transportation ; Ocean fronts ; Oceans and Seas ; Seals, Earless - growth & development ; Seals, Earless - physiology ; Seasons ; Ships ; Sound propagation</subject><ispartof>Marine pollution bulletin, 2017-01, Vol.114 (1), p.372-383</ispartof><rights>2016</rights><rights>Crown Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c556t-96a9f3f3cf202f0bfa5b03c820aa652c00f53081531b614473b3c717f0caa20d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c556t-96a9f3f3cf202f0bfa5b03c820aa652c00f53081531b614473b3c717f0caa20d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.09.054$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27677390$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Chen, F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shapiro, G.I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bennett, K.A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ingram, S.N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thompson, D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vincent, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Russell, D.J.F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Embling, C.B.</creatorcontrib><title>Shipping noise in a dynamic sea: a case study of grey seals in the Celtic Sea</title><title>Marine pollution bulletin</title><addtitle>Mar Pollut Bull</addtitle><description>Shipping noise is a threat to marine wildlife. Grey seals are benthic foragers, and thus experience acoustic noise throughout the water column, which makes them a good model species for a case study of the potential impacts of shipping noise. We used ship track data from the Celtic Sea, seal track data and a coupled ocean-acoustic modelling system to assess the noise exposure of grey seals along their tracks. It was found that the animals experience step changes in sound levels up to ~20dB at a frequency of 125Hz, and ~10dB on average over 10–1000Hz when they dive through the thermocline, particularly during summer. Our results showed large seasonal differences in the noise level experienced by the seals. These results reveal the actual noise exposure by the animals and could help in marine spatial planning.
[Display omitted]
•Differences in sound level between the advanced and basic models are up to 40dB.•Sound energy propagates further by tens of kilometres in shallow seas in winter.•The model is able to estimate the sound from moving ships received by moving seals.•Sound exposure experienced by seals is highly seasonally variable.•Seals experience step changes of up to ~20dB (at 125Hz) across the thermocline.</description><subject>Acoustic modelling</subject><subject>Acoustics</subject><subject>Animal Communication</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Anthropogenic noise</subject><subject>Environmental Monitoring - methods</subject><subject>Halichoerus grypus</subject><subject>Marine</subject><subject>Marine animals</subject><subject>Models, Theoretical</subject><subject>Noise, Transportation</subject><subject>Ocean fronts</subject><subject>Oceans and Seas</subject><subject>Seals, Earless - growth & development</subject><subject>Seals, Earless - physiology</subject><subject>Seasons</subject><subject>Ships</subject><subject>Sound propagation</subject><issn>0025-326X</issn><issn>1879-3363</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkcFu2zAMhoWhxZJ2e4XNx17sUZIlWbsFQbcVyNBDW2A3QZapRoFje5ZdIG8_Bcl6bU-E-H8UAX6EfKVQUKDy267Y23Ho23puC5YaBegCRPmBLGmldM655BdkCcBEzpn8syBXMe4AQDFFP5IFU1IprmFJfj9swzCE7jnr-hAxC11ms-bQ2X1wWUT7PT2dTUGc5uaQ9T57HvFwTNp4hKctZmtsp0Q_oP1ELn0K8PO5XpOnH7eP61_55v7n3Xq1yZ0Qcsq1tNpzz51nwDzU3ooauKsYWCsFcwBecKio4LSWtCwVr7lTVHlw1jJo-DW5Of07jP3fGeNk9iE6bFvbYT9HQzXVWgJU8DZaCV1qCuli70BlJStWsoSqE-rGPsYRvRnGkJQcDAVzNGR25tWQORoyoE0ylCa_nJfM9R6b17n_ShKwOgGYDvgScDTRBewcNmFEN5mmD28u-QdjuqPH</recordid><startdate>20170115</startdate><enddate>20170115</enddate><creator>Chen, F.</creator><creator>Shapiro, G.I.</creator><creator>Bennett, K.A.</creator><creator>Ingram, S.N.</creator><creator>Thompson, D.</creator><creator>Vincent, C.</creator><creator>Russell, D.J.F.</creator><creator>Embling, C.B.</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>H96</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20170115</creationdate><title>Shipping noise in a dynamic sea: a case study of grey seals in the Celtic Sea</title><author>Chen, F. ; Shapiro, G.I. ; Bennett, K.A. ; Ingram, S.N. ; Thompson, D. ; Vincent, C. ; Russell, D.J.F. ; Embling, C.B.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c556t-96a9f3f3cf202f0bfa5b03c820aa652c00f53081531b614473b3c717f0caa20d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Acoustic modelling</topic><topic>Acoustics</topic><topic>Animal Communication</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Anthropogenic noise</topic><topic>Environmental Monitoring - methods</topic><topic>Halichoerus grypus</topic><topic>Marine</topic><topic>Marine animals</topic><topic>Models, Theoretical</topic><topic>Noise, Transportation</topic><topic>Ocean fronts</topic><topic>Oceans and Seas</topic><topic>Seals, Earless - growth & development</topic><topic>Seals, Earless - physiology</topic><topic>Seasons</topic><topic>Ships</topic><topic>Sound propagation</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Chen, F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shapiro, G.I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bennett, K.A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ingram, S.N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thompson, D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vincent, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Russell, D.J.F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Embling, C.B.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Oceanic Abstracts</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><jtitle>Marine pollution bulletin</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Chen, F.</au><au>Shapiro, G.I.</au><au>Bennett, K.A.</au><au>Ingram, S.N.</au><au>Thompson, D.</au><au>Vincent, C.</au><au>Russell, D.J.F.</au><au>Embling, C.B.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Shipping noise in a dynamic sea: a case study of grey seals in the Celtic Sea</atitle><jtitle>Marine pollution bulletin</jtitle><addtitle>Mar Pollut Bull</addtitle><date>2017-01-15</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>114</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>372</spage><epage>383</epage><pages>372-383</pages><issn>0025-326X</issn><eissn>1879-3363</eissn><abstract>Shipping noise is a threat to marine wildlife. Grey seals are benthic foragers, and thus experience acoustic noise throughout the water column, which makes them a good model species for a case study of the potential impacts of shipping noise. We used ship track data from the Celtic Sea, seal track data and a coupled ocean-acoustic modelling system to assess the noise exposure of grey seals along their tracks. It was found that the animals experience step changes in sound levels up to ~20dB at a frequency of 125Hz, and ~10dB on average over 10–1000Hz when they dive through the thermocline, particularly during summer. Our results showed large seasonal differences in the noise level experienced by the seals. These results reveal the actual noise exposure by the animals and could help in marine spatial planning.
[Display omitted]
•Differences in sound level between the advanced and basic models are up to 40dB.•Sound energy propagates further by tens of kilometres in shallow seas in winter.•The model is able to estimate the sound from moving ships received by moving seals.•Sound exposure experienced by seals is highly seasonally variable.•Seals experience step changes of up to ~20dB (at 125Hz) across the thermocline.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>27677390</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.09.054</doi><tpages>12</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals Complete |
| subjects | Acoustic modelling Acoustics Animal Communication Animals Anthropogenic noise Environmental Monitoring - methods Halichoerus grypus Marine Marine animals Models, Theoretical Noise, Transportation Ocean fronts Oceans and Seas Seals, Earless - growth & development Seals, Earless - physiology Seasons Ships Sound propagation |
| title | Shipping noise in a dynamic sea: a case study of grey seals in the Celtic Sea |
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