The Pasteurella multocida toxin is encoded within a lysogenic bacteriophage
Summary Toxigenic strains of Pasteurella multocida produce a 146 kDa toxin (PMT) that acts as a potent mitogen. Sequence analysis of the structural gene for PMT, toxA, previously suggested it was horizontally acquired, because it had a low G + C content relative to the P. multocida genome. To addres...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Molecular microbiology 2004-01, Vol.51 (1), p.255-269 |
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| creator | Pullinger, Gillian D. Bevir, Thomas Lax, Alistair J. |
| description | Summary
Toxigenic strains of Pasteurella multocida produce a 146 kDa toxin (PMT) that acts as a potent mitogen. Sequence analysis of the structural gene for PMT, toxA, previously suggested it was horizontally acquired, because it had a low G + C content relative to the P. multocida genome. To address this, the sequence of DNA flanking toxA was determined. The sequence analysis showed the presence of homologues to bacteriophage tail protein genes and a bacteriophage antirepressor, suggesting that the toxin gene resides within a prophage. In addition to phage genes, the toxA flanking DNA contained a homologue of a restriction/modification system that was shown to be functional. The presence of a bacteriophage was demonstrated in spent medium from toxigenic P. multocida isolates. Its production was increased by mitomycin C addition, a treatment that is known to induce the lytic cycle of many temperate bacteriophages. The genomes of bacteriophages from three different toxigenic P. multocida strains had similar but not identical restriction profiles, and were approximately 45–50 kb in length. The prophages from two of these had integrated at the same site in the chromosome, in a tRNA gene. Southern blot analysis confirmed that these bacteriophages contained the toxA gene. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03829.x |
| format | Article |
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Toxigenic strains of Pasteurella multocida produce a 146 kDa toxin (PMT) that acts as a potent mitogen. Sequence analysis of the structural gene for PMT, toxA, previously suggested it was horizontally acquired, because it had a low G + C content relative to the P. multocida genome. To address this, the sequence of DNA flanking toxA was determined. The sequence analysis showed the presence of homologues to bacteriophage tail protein genes and a bacteriophage antirepressor, suggesting that the toxin gene resides within a prophage. In addition to phage genes, the toxA flanking DNA contained a homologue of a restriction/modification system that was shown to be functional. The presence of a bacteriophage was demonstrated in spent medium from toxigenic P. multocida isolates. Its production was increased by mitomycin C addition, a treatment that is known to induce the lytic cycle of many temperate bacteriophages. The genomes of bacteriophages from three different toxigenic P. multocida strains had similar but not identical restriction profiles, and were approximately 45–50 kb in length. The prophages from two of these had integrated at the same site in the chromosome, in a tRNA gene. Southern blot analysis confirmed that these bacteriophages contained the toxA gene.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0950-382X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1365-2958</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03829.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 14651626</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science Ltd</publisher><subject>Bacterial Proteins - genetics ; Bacterial Toxins - genetics ; Bacteriology ; Bacteriophages - drug effects ; Bacteriophages - genetics ; Bacteriophages - ultrastructure ; Base Sequence ; Biological and medical sciences ; DNA, Bacterial - chemistry ; DNA, Bacterial - genetics ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Viral - drug effects ; Lysogeny - drug effects ; Lysogeny - genetics ; Microbiology ; Microscopy, Electron ; Miscellaneous ; Mitomycin - pharmacology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Open Reading Frames ; Pasteurella multocida ; Pasteurella multocida - genetics ; Pasteurella multocida - virology ; Prophages - drug effects ; Prophages - genetics ; Prophages - ultrastructure ; Restriction Mapping ; toxA gene</subject><ispartof>Molecular microbiology, 2004-01, Vol.51 (1), p.255-269</ispartof><rights>2004 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Blackwell Scientific Publications Ltd. Jan 2004</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5699-51a4f0c11af7ffa5477deee75847a8a7ec834f4e4c89ce8b26c3924fb8d64c3d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5699-51a4f0c11af7ffa5477deee75847a8a7ec834f4e4c89ce8b26c3924fb8d64c3d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2958.2003.03829.x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2958.2003.03829.x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,1427,27903,27904,45553,45554,46388,46812</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=15541177$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14651626$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Pullinger, Gillian D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bevir, Thomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lax, Alistair J.</creatorcontrib><title>The Pasteurella multocida toxin is encoded within a lysogenic bacteriophage</title><title>Molecular microbiology</title><addtitle>Mol Microbiol</addtitle><description>Summary
Toxigenic strains of Pasteurella multocida produce a 146 kDa toxin (PMT) that acts as a potent mitogen. Sequence analysis of the structural gene for PMT, toxA, previously suggested it was horizontally acquired, because it had a low G + C content relative to the P. multocida genome. To address this, the sequence of DNA flanking toxA was determined. The sequence analysis showed the presence of homologues to bacteriophage tail protein genes and a bacteriophage antirepressor, suggesting that the toxin gene resides within a prophage. In addition to phage genes, the toxA flanking DNA contained a homologue of a restriction/modification system that was shown to be functional. The presence of a bacteriophage was demonstrated in spent medium from toxigenic P. multocida isolates. Its production was increased by mitomycin C addition, a treatment that is known to induce the lytic cycle of many temperate bacteriophages. The genomes of bacteriophages from three different toxigenic P. multocida strains had similar but not identical restriction profiles, and were approximately 45–50 kb in length. The prophages from two of these had integrated at the same site in the chromosome, in a tRNA gene. Southern blot analysis confirmed that these bacteriophages contained the toxA gene.</description><subject>Bacterial Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Bacterial Toxins - genetics</subject><subject>Bacteriology</subject><subject>Bacteriophages - drug effects</subject><subject>Bacteriophages - genetics</subject><subject>Bacteriophages - ultrastructure</subject><subject>Base Sequence</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>DNA, Bacterial - chemistry</subject><subject>DNA, Bacterial - genetics</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation, Viral - drug effects</subject><subject>Lysogeny - drug effects</subject><subject>Lysogeny - genetics</subject><subject>Microbiology</subject><subject>Microscopy, Electron</subject><subject>Miscellaneous</subject><subject>Mitomycin - pharmacology</subject><subject>Molecular Sequence Data</subject><subject>Open Reading Frames</subject><subject>Pasteurella multocida</subject><subject>Pasteurella multocida - genetics</subject><subject>Pasteurella multocida - virology</subject><subject>Prophages - drug effects</subject><subject>Prophages - genetics</subject><subject>Prophages - ultrastructure</subject><subject>Restriction Mapping</subject><subject>toxA gene</subject><issn>0950-382X</issn><issn>1365-2958</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2004</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkE1v1DAQhi0EokvpX0AWEtwS7PgzBw6oKqWiVXsoUm-W1xl3vcrGi52ou_--DruiEidOY808M3r9IIQpqSnh8su6pkyKqmmFrhtCWE2Ybtp69wot_g5eowVpBanK5OEEvct5TQhlRLK36IRyKahs5AL9vF8BvrN5hClB31u8mfoxutBZPMZdGHDIGAYXO-jwUxhXpWNxv8_xEYbg8NK6EVKI25V9hPfojbd9hrNjPUW_vl_cn_-orm8vr86_XVdOyLatBLXcE0ep9cp7K7hSHQAoobmy2ipwmnHPgTvdOtDLRjrWNtwvdSe5Yx07RZ8Pd7cp_p4gj2YTspvTDxCnbGhLy_8JK-DHf8B1nNJQshVGikYRqQukD5BLMecE3mxT2Ni0N5SY2bZZm1mqmaWa2bb5Y9vsyuqH4_1puYHuZfGotwCfjoDNzvY-2cGF_MIJwSlVqnBfD9xT6GH_3wHMzc3V_GLPxC2bJg</recordid><startdate>200401</startdate><enddate>200401</enddate><creator>Pullinger, Gillian D.</creator><creator>Bevir, Thomas</creator><creator>Lax, Alistair J.</creator><general>Blackwell Science Ltd</general><general>Blackwell Science</general><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200401</creationdate><title>The Pasteurella multocida toxin is encoded within a lysogenic bacteriophage</title><author>Pullinger, Gillian D. ; Bevir, Thomas ; Lax, Alistair J.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5699-51a4f0c11af7ffa5477deee75847a8a7ec834f4e4c89ce8b26c3924fb8d64c3d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2004</creationdate><topic>Bacterial Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Bacterial Toxins - genetics</topic><topic>Bacteriology</topic><topic>Bacteriophages - drug effects</topic><topic>Bacteriophages - genetics</topic><topic>Bacteriophages - ultrastructure</topic><topic>Base Sequence</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>DNA, Bacterial - chemistry</topic><topic>DNA, Bacterial - genetics</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Gene Expression Regulation, Viral - drug effects</topic><topic>Lysogeny - drug effects</topic><topic>Lysogeny - genetics</topic><topic>Microbiology</topic><topic>Microscopy, Electron</topic><topic>Miscellaneous</topic><topic>Mitomycin - pharmacology</topic><topic>Molecular Sequence Data</topic><topic>Open Reading Frames</topic><topic>Pasteurella multocida</topic><topic>Pasteurella multocida - genetics</topic><topic>Pasteurella multocida - virology</topic><topic>Prophages - drug effects</topic><topic>Prophages - genetics</topic><topic>Prophages - ultrastructure</topic><topic>Restriction Mapping</topic><topic>toxA gene</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Pullinger, Gillian D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bevir, Thomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lax, Alistair J.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Molecular microbiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Pullinger, Gillian D.</au><au>Bevir, Thomas</au><au>Lax, Alistair J.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Pasteurella multocida toxin is encoded within a lysogenic bacteriophage</atitle><jtitle>Molecular microbiology</jtitle><addtitle>Mol Microbiol</addtitle><date>2004-01</date><risdate>2004</risdate><volume>51</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>255</spage><epage>269</epage><pages>255-269</pages><issn>0950-382X</issn><eissn>1365-2958</eissn><abstract>Summary
Toxigenic strains of Pasteurella multocida produce a 146 kDa toxin (PMT) that acts as a potent mitogen. Sequence analysis of the structural gene for PMT, toxA, previously suggested it was horizontally acquired, because it had a low G + C content relative to the P. multocida genome. To address this, the sequence of DNA flanking toxA was determined. The sequence analysis showed the presence of homologues to bacteriophage tail protein genes and a bacteriophage antirepressor, suggesting that the toxin gene resides within a prophage. In addition to phage genes, the toxA flanking DNA contained a homologue of a restriction/modification system that was shown to be functional. The presence of a bacteriophage was demonstrated in spent medium from toxigenic P. multocida isolates. Its production was increased by mitomycin C addition, a treatment that is known to induce the lytic cycle of many temperate bacteriophages. The genomes of bacteriophages from three different toxigenic P. multocida strains had similar but not identical restriction profiles, and were approximately 45–50 kb in length. The prophages from two of these had integrated at the same site in the chromosome, in a tRNA gene. Southern blot analysis confirmed that these bacteriophages contained the toxA gene.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Blackwell Science Ltd</pub><pmid>14651626</pmid><doi>10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03829.x</doi><tpages>15</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Molecular microbiology, 2004-01, Vol.51 (1), p.255-269 |
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| source | MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete; Wiley Free Content; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Bacterial Proteins - genetics Bacterial Toxins - genetics Bacteriology Bacteriophages - drug effects Bacteriophages - genetics Bacteriophages - ultrastructure Base Sequence Biological and medical sciences DNA, Bacterial - chemistry DNA, Bacterial - genetics Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gene Expression Regulation, Viral - drug effects Lysogeny - drug effects Lysogeny - genetics Microbiology Microscopy, Electron Miscellaneous Mitomycin - pharmacology Molecular Sequence Data Open Reading Frames Pasteurella multocida Pasteurella multocida - genetics Pasteurella multocida - virology Prophages - drug effects Prophages - genetics Prophages - ultrastructure Restriction Mapping toxA gene |
| title | The Pasteurella multocida toxin is encoded within a lysogenic bacteriophage |
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