Changes in the Muscle Activity of Gymnasts During a Handstand on Various Apparatus
ABSTRACTKochanowicz, A, Niespodziński, B, Mieszkowski, J, Marina, M, Kochanowicz, K, and Zasada, M. Changes in the muscle activity of gymnasts during a handstand on various apparatus. J Strength Cond Res 33(6)1609–1618, 2019—Gymnasts perform handstands on various apparatus, both in stable and unstab...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of strength and conditioning research 2019-06, Vol.33 (6), p.1609-1618 |
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| creator | Kochanowicz, Andrzej Niespodziński, Bartłomiej Mieszkowski, Jan Marina, Michel Kochanowicz, Kazimierz Zasada, Mariusz |
| description | ABSTRACTKochanowicz, A, Niespodziński, B, Mieszkowski, J, Marina, M, Kochanowicz, K, and Zasada, M. Changes in the muscle activity of gymnasts during a handstand on various apparatus. J Strength Cond Res 33(6)1609–1618, 2019—Gymnasts perform handstands on various apparatus, both in stable and unstable conditions. Such performances require specific muscle activation, which should differ depending on the condition and expertise of the gymnast. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate (a) the difference in electromyography (EMG) between handstands performed on 3 apparatus (floor, rings, and parallel bars); and (b) the difference between young and well-trained adult gymnasts. Ten adult (25 ± 3.94 years) and 15 young (13.9 ± 0.7 years) gymnasts participated in the study. We investigated EMG amplitude in 13 muscles normalized by arbitrary angle maximal isometric voluntary contraction (normalized root mean square [NRMS]). In comparison with the handstand on the floor (61 ± 28%), the wrist flexor muscles of gymnasts exhibited a decreased NRMS on the parallel bars (44 ± 25%; p = 0.017), and rings (46 ± 32%; p = 0.029), whereas no changes were observed in the triceps brachii. The rest of the investigated muscles showed a higher NRMS in rings. Differences between young and adult gymnasts were seen in the triceps brachii and anterior deltoid muscles, where more experienced gymnasts showed 19.1% (p = 0.014) and 17.6% (p = 0.048) lower NRMS, respectively. The different gymnastic apparatus led to specific muscle activation. This activation predominantly depended on hand support conditions, which alternated the primary wrist strategy of the handstand balance control, and in consequence, the activation of other muscles controlling balance. Training focused on the development of motor control and strength of the anterior deltoid, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, biceps brachii, and trapezius descendens muscles to improve handstand performance. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002124 |
| format | Article |
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Changes in the muscle activity of gymnasts during a handstand on various apparatus. J Strength Cond Res 33(6)1609–1618, 2019—Gymnasts perform handstands on various apparatus, both in stable and unstable conditions. Such performances require specific muscle activation, which should differ depending on the condition and expertise of the gymnast. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate (a) the difference in electromyography (EMG) between handstands performed on 3 apparatus (floor, rings, and parallel bars); and (b) the difference between young and well-trained adult gymnasts. Ten adult (25 ± 3.94 years) and 15 young (13.9 ± 0.7 years) gymnasts participated in the study. We investigated EMG amplitude in 13 muscles normalized by arbitrary angle maximal isometric voluntary contraction (normalized root mean square [NRMS]). In comparison with the handstand on the floor (61 ± 28%), the wrist flexor muscles of gymnasts exhibited a decreased NRMS on the parallel bars (44 ± 25%; p = 0.017), and rings (46 ± 32%; p = 0.029), whereas no changes were observed in the triceps brachii. The rest of the investigated muscles showed a higher NRMS in rings. Differences between young and adult gymnasts were seen in the triceps brachii and anterior deltoid muscles, where more experienced gymnasts showed 19.1% (p = 0.014) and 17.6% (p = 0.048) lower NRMS, respectively. The different gymnastic apparatus led to specific muscle activation. This activation predominantly depended on hand support conditions, which alternated the primary wrist strategy of the handstand balance control, and in consequence, the activation of other muscles controlling balance. Training focused on the development of motor control and strength of the anterior deltoid, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, biceps brachii, and trapezius descendens muscles to improve handstand performance.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1064-8011</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1533-4287</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002124</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28700510</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Copyright by the National Strength & Conditioning Association</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Athletes ; Contraction ; Deltoid Muscle - physiology ; Electromyography ; Female ; Gymnastics ; Gymnastics - physiology ; Humans ; Isometric Contraction ; Male ; Motor task performance ; Muscle contraction ; Muscle function ; Muscle, Skeletal - physiology ; Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena ; Pectoralis Muscles - physiology ; Superficial Back Muscles - physiology ; Wrist ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Journal of strength and conditioning research, 2019-06, Vol.33 (6), p.1609-1618</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2019 by the National Strength & Conditioning Association.</rights><rights>Copyright Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Ovid Technologies Jun 2019</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4504-2ed636e1c49f434ee2b795ea590ece91833ebdafee45966bcf6fef8e64c421983</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4504-2ed636e1c49f434ee2b795ea590ece91833ebdafee45966bcf6fef8e64c421983</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,27905,27906</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28700510$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kochanowicz, Andrzej</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Niespodziński, Bartłomiej</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mieszkowski, Jan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marina, Michel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kochanowicz, Kazimierz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zasada, Mariusz</creatorcontrib><title>Changes in the Muscle Activity of Gymnasts During a Handstand on Various Apparatus</title><title>Journal of strength and conditioning research</title><addtitle>J Strength Cond Res</addtitle><description>ABSTRACTKochanowicz, A, Niespodziński, B, Mieszkowski, J, Marina, M, Kochanowicz, K, and Zasada, M. Changes in the muscle activity of gymnasts during a handstand on various apparatus. J Strength Cond Res 33(6)1609–1618, 2019—Gymnasts perform handstands on various apparatus, both in stable and unstable conditions. Such performances require specific muscle activation, which should differ depending on the condition and expertise of the gymnast. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate (a) the difference in electromyography (EMG) between handstands performed on 3 apparatus (floor, rings, and parallel bars); and (b) the difference between young and well-trained adult gymnasts. Ten adult (25 ± 3.94 years) and 15 young (13.9 ± 0.7 years) gymnasts participated in the study. We investigated EMG amplitude in 13 muscles normalized by arbitrary angle maximal isometric voluntary contraction (normalized root mean square [NRMS]). In comparison with the handstand on the floor (61 ± 28%), the wrist flexor muscles of gymnasts exhibited a decreased NRMS on the parallel bars (44 ± 25%; p = 0.017), and rings (46 ± 32%; p = 0.029), whereas no changes were observed in the triceps brachii. The rest of the investigated muscles showed a higher NRMS in rings. Differences between young and adult gymnasts were seen in the triceps brachii and anterior deltoid muscles, where more experienced gymnasts showed 19.1% (p = 0.014) and 17.6% (p = 0.048) lower NRMS, respectively. The different gymnastic apparatus led to specific muscle activation. This activation predominantly depended on hand support conditions, which alternated the primary wrist strategy of the handstand balance control, and in consequence, the activation of other muscles controlling balance. Training focused on the development of motor control and strength of the anterior deltoid, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, biceps brachii, and trapezius descendens muscles to improve handstand performance.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Athletes</subject><subject>Contraction</subject><subject>Deltoid Muscle - physiology</subject><subject>Electromyography</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gymnastics</subject><subject>Gymnastics - physiology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Isometric Contraction</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Motor task performance</subject><subject>Muscle contraction</subject><subject>Muscle function</subject><subject>Muscle, Skeletal - physiology</subject><subject>Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena</subject><subject>Pectoralis Muscles - physiology</subject><subject>Superficial Back Muscles - physiology</subject><subject>Wrist</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1064-8011</issn><issn>1533-4287</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kE1LAzEQhoMo1q9_IBLw4mVrvrt7LFVbRRH8uoZsOttu3e7WJGvpvzfSKtKDOUwG5pmH4UXolJIulTS7vHsedMmfxygTO-iASs4TwdLebuyJEklKKO2gQ-9nkZFS8n3UiWNCJCUH6GkwNfUEPC5rHKaAH1pvK8B9G8rPMqxwU-Dhal4bHzy-al1ZT7DBI1OPfYgFNzV-M65sWo_7i4VxJrT-GO0VpvJwsvmP0OvN9ctglNw_Dm8H_fvECklEwmCsuAJqRVYILgBY3sskGJkRsJDRlHPIx6YAEDJTKreFKqBIQQkrGM1SfoQu1t6Faz5a8EHPS2-hqkwN8SBNoyMVPaFYRM-30FnTujpepxnjqWSSqm-hWFPWNd47KPTClXPjVpoS_Z25jpnr7czj2tlG3uZzGP8u_YQcgXQNLJsqgPPvVbsEp6dgqjD93_0FEYSMVQ</recordid><startdate>201906</startdate><enddate>201906</enddate><creator>Kochanowicz, Andrzej</creator><creator>Niespodziński, Bartłomiej</creator><creator>Mieszkowski, Jan</creator><creator>Marina, Michel</creator><creator>Kochanowicz, Kazimierz</creator><creator>Zasada, Mariusz</creator><general>Copyright by the National Strength & Conditioning Association</general><general>Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Ovid Technologies</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201906</creationdate><title>Changes in the Muscle Activity of Gymnasts During a Handstand on Various Apparatus</title><author>Kochanowicz, Andrzej ; Niespodziński, Bartłomiej ; Mieszkowski, Jan ; Marina, Michel ; Kochanowicz, Kazimierz ; Zasada, Mariusz</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4504-2ed636e1c49f434ee2b795ea590ece91833ebdafee45966bcf6fef8e64c421983</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Athletes</topic><topic>Contraction</topic><topic>Deltoid Muscle - physiology</topic><topic>Electromyography</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gymnastics</topic><topic>Gymnastics - physiology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Isometric Contraction</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Motor task performance</topic><topic>Muscle contraction</topic><topic>Muscle function</topic><topic>Muscle, Skeletal - physiology</topic><topic>Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena</topic><topic>Pectoralis Muscles - physiology</topic><topic>Superficial Back Muscles - physiology</topic><topic>Wrist</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kochanowicz, Andrzej</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Niespodziński, Bartłomiej</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mieszkowski, Jan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marina, Michel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kochanowicz, Kazimierz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zasada, Mariusz</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of strength and conditioning research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kochanowicz, Andrzej</au><au>Niespodziński, Bartłomiej</au><au>Mieszkowski, Jan</au><au>Marina, Michel</au><au>Kochanowicz, Kazimierz</au><au>Zasada, Mariusz</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Changes in the Muscle Activity of Gymnasts During a Handstand on Various Apparatus</atitle><jtitle>Journal of strength and conditioning research</jtitle><addtitle>J Strength Cond Res</addtitle><date>2019-06</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>33</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>1609</spage><epage>1618</epage><pages>1609-1618</pages><issn>1064-8011</issn><eissn>1533-4287</eissn><abstract>ABSTRACTKochanowicz, A, Niespodziński, B, Mieszkowski, J, Marina, M, Kochanowicz, K, and Zasada, M. Changes in the muscle activity of gymnasts during a handstand on various apparatus. J Strength Cond Res 33(6)1609–1618, 2019—Gymnasts perform handstands on various apparatus, both in stable and unstable conditions. Such performances require specific muscle activation, which should differ depending on the condition and expertise of the gymnast. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate (a) the difference in electromyography (EMG) between handstands performed on 3 apparatus (floor, rings, and parallel bars); and (b) the difference between young and well-trained adult gymnasts. Ten adult (25 ± 3.94 years) and 15 young (13.9 ± 0.7 years) gymnasts participated in the study. We investigated EMG amplitude in 13 muscles normalized by arbitrary angle maximal isometric voluntary contraction (normalized root mean square [NRMS]). In comparison with the handstand on the floor (61 ± 28%), the wrist flexor muscles of gymnasts exhibited a decreased NRMS on the parallel bars (44 ± 25%; p = 0.017), and rings (46 ± 32%; p = 0.029), whereas no changes were observed in the triceps brachii. The rest of the investigated muscles showed a higher NRMS in rings. Differences between young and adult gymnasts were seen in the triceps brachii and anterior deltoid muscles, where more experienced gymnasts showed 19.1% (p = 0.014) and 17.6% (p = 0.048) lower NRMS, respectively. The different gymnastic apparatus led to specific muscle activation. This activation predominantly depended on hand support conditions, which alternated the primary wrist strategy of the handstand balance control, and in consequence, the activation of other muscles controlling balance. Training focused on the development of motor control and strength of the anterior deltoid, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, biceps brachii, and trapezius descendens muscles to improve handstand performance.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Copyright by the National Strength & Conditioning Association</pub><pmid>28700510</pmid><doi>10.1519/JSC.0000000000002124</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adolescent Adult Athletes Contraction Deltoid Muscle - physiology Electromyography Female Gymnastics Gymnastics - physiology Humans Isometric Contraction Male Motor task performance Muscle contraction Muscle function Muscle, Skeletal - physiology Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena Pectoralis Muscles - physiology Superficial Back Muscles - physiology Wrist Young Adult |
| title | Changes in the Muscle Activity of Gymnasts During a Handstand on Various Apparatus |
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