The relationship between preptin, Forkhead box protein O1 and mechanistic target of rapamycin levels in prediabetic patients

Prediabetes is a state of high risk for developing some metabolic disorders. Previous studies have shown that components of some mediators involved in glucose metabolism regulation may have a profound effect during developing prediabetes state. This study investigates the effect of some novel prediabetic-related factors in prediabetes individuals for the first time. Sixty prediabetes (American Diabetes Association criteria) and 25 healthy control subjects were enrolled in the study. Systemic and chronic inflammatory diseases, coronary heart disease, and malignant disease patients were excluded. Anthropometric measurements and fasting glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lipid profile, preptin, and serum and leuckocyte levels of FOXO-1 and mTOR were determined. The findings showed an elevated level of leukocyte mTOR in the Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) group and leukocyte FOXO-1 in the Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) and IGT groups compared to the control group. Moreover, higher levels of serum, and leukocyte FOXO-1 in the control group, and leukocyte mTOR level in the IFG group were detected in females compared to males. There was a positive correlation between all of the studied serum parameters, and a positive correlation between basal glucose concentration and leukocyte mTOR and FOXO-1. According to our results, elevated serum and cellular levels of mTOR in the IGT group and FOXO-1 in IFG and IGT groups may be triggered by increased glucose concentration. Indeed, mTOR-mediated variations in cellular level from female patients and FOXO-1-mediated variations of male patients indicated that these factors might play a critical role in glucose intolerance.