Subchronic supplementation of lithium carbonate induces reproductive system toxicity in male rat
Lithium is frequently used as an effective drug for the treatment of several psychiatric disorders in human. This alkali element and its salt, at its higher doses, may lead to various side effects or has several toxic effects after prolonged therapeutic use. To test this hypothesis, the present stud...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) N.Y.), 2003-11, Vol.17 (6), p.683-690 |
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| creator | Thakur, Sonu Chand Thakur, Sarjeet Singh Chaube, Shail K Singh, Shiv P |
| description | Lithium is frequently used as an effective drug for the treatment of several psychiatric disorders in human. This alkali element and its salt, at its higher doses, may lead to various side effects or has several toxic effects after prolonged therapeutic use. To test this hypothesis, the present study was designed to investigate the adverse effect of subchronic exposure of lithium carbonate on reproductive organs of male rat. Rats were exposed to lithium carbonate at doses of 500, 800, 1100
mg/kg of diet for 90 days. The weight of reproductive organs, histology of testis, epididymis, seminal vesicle, prostate, testicular interstitial fluid volume (IFV), testosterone level, sperm morphology and fertility index were analyzed. Treatment with higher doses of lithium carbonate (i.e. 800, 1100
mg/kg diet) significantly reduced testes, epididymis and accessory sex organs weights, whereas, lower dose (500
mg/kg diet) did not show any untoward effect. Similarly, the sperm number from cauda epididymis and daily sperm production was significantly decreased with higher doses of lithium carbonate. The serum testosterone levels and IFVs were also reduced significantly. Seminal vesicle and prostate secretions were completely blocked and spermatozoa were not seen in the lumen of epididymis and vas deference. Histological studies have revealed that lithium carbonate (1100
mg/kg) caused degeneration of spermatogenic cells and vacuolization of sertoli cells cytoplasm in the testis. The sperm transit rate and production of abnormal spermatozoa were significantly (
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| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/S0890-6238(03)00107-2 |
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mg/kg of diet for 90 days. The weight of reproductive organs, histology of testis, epididymis, seminal vesicle, prostate, testicular interstitial fluid volume (IFV), testosterone level, sperm morphology and fertility index were analyzed. Treatment with higher doses of lithium carbonate (i.e. 800, 1100
mg/kg diet) significantly reduced testes, epididymis and accessory sex organs weights, whereas, lower dose (500
mg/kg diet) did not show any untoward effect. Similarly, the sperm number from cauda epididymis and daily sperm production was significantly decreased with higher doses of lithium carbonate. The serum testosterone levels and IFVs were also reduced significantly. Seminal vesicle and prostate secretions were completely blocked and spermatozoa were not seen in the lumen of epididymis and vas deference. Histological studies have revealed that lithium carbonate (1100
mg/kg) caused degeneration of spermatogenic cells and vacuolization of sertoli cells cytoplasm in the testis. The sperm transit rate and production of abnormal spermatozoa were significantly (
P<0.01) increased. When the lithium carbonate-treated males were mated with normal cyclic females, the fertility index declined to 50% even after 30 days of withdrawal of lithium carbonate treatment. These results clearly suggest that subchronic exposure of lithium carbonate promote reproductive system toxicity and reduces fertility of male rats.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0890-6238</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-1708</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/S0890-6238(03)00107-2</identifier><identifier>PMID: 14613820</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York, NY: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Animals ; Biological and medical sciences ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug toxicity and drugs side effects treatment ; Epididymis ; Epididymis - drug effects ; Epididymis - growth & development ; Fertility ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Genitalia, Male - drug effects ; Genitalia, Male - growth & development ; Germ Cells - drug effects ; Germ Cells - pathology ; Leydig Cells - drug effects ; Leydig Cells - pathology ; Lithium carbonate ; Lithium Carbonate - toxicity ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Miscellaneous (drug allergy, mutagens, teratogens...) ; Organ Size - drug effects ; Pharmacology. Drug treatments ; Prostate ; Prostate - drug effects ; Prostate - pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reproduction - drug effects ; Reproductive system toxicity ; Seminal vesicle ; Sertoli Cells - drug effects ; Sertoli Cells - pathology ; Spermatozoa - drug effects ; Spermatozoa - pathology ; Testis ; Testis - drug effects ; Testis - growth & development ; Testosterone ; Testosterone - blood ; Vacuoles - drug effects ; Vas Deferens - drug effects ; Vas Deferens - pathology</subject><ispartof>Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.), 2003-11, Vol.17 (6), p.683-690</ispartof><rights>2003 Elsevier Inc.</rights><rights>2004 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c488t-5c8e82bfc2f7394ed6a595dd9eeb8648861131ea0bc391ecb33ae271ebcb25d33</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c488t-5c8e82bfc2f7394ed6a595dd9eeb8648861131ea0bc391ecb33ae271ebcb25d33</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0890-6238(03)00107-2$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3548,27922,27923,45993</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=15361214$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14613820$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Thakur, Sonu Chand</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thakur, Sarjeet Singh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chaube, Shail K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Singh, Shiv P</creatorcontrib><title>Subchronic supplementation of lithium carbonate induces reproductive system toxicity in male rat</title><title>Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.)</title><addtitle>Reprod Toxicol</addtitle><description>Lithium is frequently used as an effective drug for the treatment of several psychiatric disorders in human. This alkali element and its salt, at its higher doses, may lead to various side effects or has several toxic effects after prolonged therapeutic use. To test this hypothesis, the present study was designed to investigate the adverse effect of subchronic exposure of lithium carbonate on reproductive organs of male rat. Rats were exposed to lithium carbonate at doses of 500, 800, 1100
mg/kg of diet for 90 days. The weight of reproductive organs, histology of testis, epididymis, seminal vesicle, prostate, testicular interstitial fluid volume (IFV), testosterone level, sperm morphology and fertility index were analyzed. Treatment with higher doses of lithium carbonate (i.e. 800, 1100
mg/kg diet) significantly reduced testes, epididymis and accessory sex organs weights, whereas, lower dose (500
mg/kg diet) did not show any untoward effect. Similarly, the sperm number from cauda epididymis and daily sperm production was significantly decreased with higher doses of lithium carbonate. The serum testosterone levels and IFVs were also reduced significantly. Seminal vesicle and prostate secretions were completely blocked and spermatozoa were not seen in the lumen of epididymis and vas deference. Histological studies have revealed that lithium carbonate (1100
mg/kg) caused degeneration of spermatogenic cells and vacuolization of sertoli cells cytoplasm in the testis. The sperm transit rate and production of abnormal spermatozoa were significantly (
P<0.01) increased. When the lithium carbonate-treated males were mated with normal cyclic females, the fertility index declined to 50% even after 30 days of withdrawal of lithium carbonate treatment. These results clearly suggest that subchronic exposure of lithium carbonate promote reproductive system toxicity and reduces fertility of male rats.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</subject><subject>Drug toxicity and drugs side effects treatment</subject><subject>Epididymis</subject><subject>Epididymis - drug effects</subject><subject>Epididymis - growth & development</subject><subject>Fertility</subject><subject>Fertilization in Vitro</subject><subject>Genitalia, Male - drug effects</subject><subject>Genitalia, Male - growth & development</subject><subject>Germ Cells - drug effects</subject><subject>Germ Cells - pathology</subject><subject>Leydig Cells - drug effects</subject><subject>Leydig Cells - pathology</subject><subject>Lithium carbonate</subject><subject>Lithium Carbonate - toxicity</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Miscellaneous (drug allergy, mutagens, teratogens...)</subject><subject>Organ Size - drug effects</subject><subject>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</subject><subject>Prostate</subject><subject>Prostate - drug effects</subject><subject>Prostate - pathology</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Rats, Wistar</subject><subject>Reproduction - drug effects</subject><subject>Reproductive system toxicity</subject><subject>Seminal vesicle</subject><subject>Sertoli Cells - drug effects</subject><subject>Sertoli Cells - pathology</subject><subject>Spermatozoa - drug effects</subject><subject>Spermatozoa - pathology</subject><subject>Testis</subject><subject>Testis - drug effects</subject><subject>Testis - growth & development</subject><subject>Testosterone</subject><subject>Testosterone - blood</subject><subject>Vacuoles - drug effects</subject><subject>Vas Deferens - drug effects</subject><subject>Vas Deferens - pathology</subject><issn>0890-6238</issn><issn>1873-1708</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2003</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqF0E1P3DAQgGELtYLl4yeAfGnVHgIeOx_OqapQaSsh9QA9u_ZkIlwl8WI7iP33zbKrcuRkH56xRy9j5yAuQUB9dSd0K4paKv1JqM9CgGgKecBWoBtVQCP0O7b6T47YcUp_hRBl0zaH7AjKGpSWYsX-3M0OH2KYPPI0r9cDjTRlm32YeOj54PODn0eONrow2UzcT92MlHikdQzLNfsn4mmTMo08h2ePPm8WxEc7EI82n7L3vR0Sne3PE_b75tv99Y_i9tf3n9dfbwsstc5FhZq0dD3KvlFtSV1tq7bqupbI6XohNYACssKhaoHQKWVJNkAOnaw6pU7Yx927y1qPM6VsRp-QhsFOFOZkoIWqhkYusNpBjCGlSL1ZRz_auDEgzDateUlrtt2MUOYlrdnOXew_mN1I3evUvuUCPuyBTWiHPtoJfXp1lapBQrm4LztHS44nT9Ek9DQhdT4SZtMF_8Yq_wARYJgO</recordid><startdate>20031101</startdate><enddate>20031101</enddate><creator>Thakur, Sonu Chand</creator><creator>Thakur, Sarjeet Singh</creator><creator>Chaube, Shail K</creator><creator>Singh, Shiv P</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>C1K</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20031101</creationdate><title>Subchronic supplementation of lithium carbonate induces reproductive system toxicity in male rat</title><author>Thakur, Sonu Chand ; Thakur, Sarjeet Singh ; Chaube, Shail K ; Singh, Shiv P</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c488t-5c8e82bfc2f7394ed6a595dd9eeb8648861131ea0bc391ecb33ae271ebcb25d33</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2003</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</topic><topic>Drug toxicity and drugs side effects treatment</topic><topic>Epididymis</topic><topic>Epididymis - drug effects</topic><topic>Epididymis - growth & development</topic><topic>Fertility</topic><topic>Fertilization in Vitro</topic><topic>Genitalia, Male - drug effects</topic><topic>Genitalia, Male - growth & development</topic><topic>Germ Cells - drug effects</topic><topic>Germ Cells - pathology</topic><topic>Leydig Cells - drug effects</topic><topic>Leydig Cells - pathology</topic><topic>Lithium carbonate</topic><topic>Lithium Carbonate - toxicity</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Miscellaneous (drug allergy, mutagens, teratogens...)</topic><topic>Organ Size - drug effects</topic><topic>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</topic><topic>Prostate</topic><topic>Prostate - drug effects</topic><topic>Prostate - pathology</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Rats, Wistar</topic><topic>Reproduction - drug effects</topic><topic>Reproductive system toxicity</topic><topic>Seminal vesicle</topic><topic>Sertoli Cells - drug effects</topic><topic>Sertoli Cells - pathology</topic><topic>Spermatozoa - drug effects</topic><topic>Spermatozoa - pathology</topic><topic>Testis</topic><topic>Testis - drug effects</topic><topic>Testis - growth & development</topic><topic>Testosterone</topic><topic>Testosterone - blood</topic><topic>Vacuoles - drug effects</topic><topic>Vas Deferens - drug effects</topic><topic>Vas Deferens - pathology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Thakur, Sonu Chand</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thakur, Sarjeet Singh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chaube, Shail K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Singh, Shiv P</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><jtitle>Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Thakur, Sonu Chand</au><au>Thakur, Sarjeet Singh</au><au>Chaube, Shail K</au><au>Singh, Shiv P</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Subchronic supplementation of lithium carbonate induces reproductive system toxicity in male rat</atitle><jtitle>Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.)</jtitle><addtitle>Reprod Toxicol</addtitle><date>2003-11-01</date><risdate>2003</risdate><volume>17</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>683</spage><epage>690</epage><pages>683-690</pages><issn>0890-6238</issn><eissn>1873-1708</eissn><abstract>Lithium is frequently used as an effective drug for the treatment of several psychiatric disorders in human. This alkali element and its salt, at its higher doses, may lead to various side effects or has several toxic effects after prolonged therapeutic use. To test this hypothesis, the present study was designed to investigate the adverse effect of subchronic exposure of lithium carbonate on reproductive organs of male rat. Rats were exposed to lithium carbonate at doses of 500, 800, 1100
mg/kg of diet for 90 days. The weight of reproductive organs, histology of testis, epididymis, seminal vesicle, prostate, testicular interstitial fluid volume (IFV), testosterone level, sperm morphology and fertility index were analyzed. Treatment with higher doses of lithium carbonate (i.e. 800, 1100
mg/kg diet) significantly reduced testes, epididymis and accessory sex organs weights, whereas, lower dose (500
mg/kg diet) did not show any untoward effect. Similarly, the sperm number from cauda epididymis and daily sperm production was significantly decreased with higher doses of lithium carbonate. The serum testosterone levels and IFVs were also reduced significantly. Seminal vesicle and prostate secretions were completely blocked and spermatozoa were not seen in the lumen of epididymis and vas deference. Histological studies have revealed that lithium carbonate (1100
mg/kg) caused degeneration of spermatogenic cells and vacuolization of sertoli cells cytoplasm in the testis. The sperm transit rate and production of abnormal spermatozoa were significantly (
P<0.01) increased. When the lithium carbonate-treated males were mated with normal cyclic females, the fertility index declined to 50% even after 30 days of withdrawal of lithium carbonate treatment. These results clearly suggest that subchronic exposure of lithium carbonate promote reproductive system toxicity and reduces fertility of male rats.</abstract><cop>New York, NY</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>14613820</pmid><doi>10.1016/S0890-6238(03)00107-2</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Animals Biological and medical sciences Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Drug toxicity and drugs side effects treatment Epididymis Epididymis - drug effects Epididymis - growth & development Fertility Fertilization in Vitro Genitalia, Male - drug effects Genitalia, Male - growth & development Germ Cells - drug effects Germ Cells - pathology Leydig Cells - drug effects Leydig Cells - pathology Lithium carbonate Lithium Carbonate - toxicity Male Medical sciences Miscellaneous (drug allergy, mutagens, teratogens...) Organ Size - drug effects Pharmacology. Drug treatments Prostate Prostate - drug effects Prostate - pathology Rats Rats, Wistar Reproduction - drug effects Reproductive system toxicity Seminal vesicle Sertoli Cells - drug effects Sertoli Cells - pathology Spermatozoa - drug effects Spermatozoa - pathology Testis Testis - drug effects Testis - growth & development Testosterone Testosterone - blood Vacuoles - drug effects Vas Deferens - drug effects Vas Deferens - pathology |
| title | Subchronic supplementation of lithium carbonate induces reproductive system toxicity in male rat |
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