Assessment of Robotic Console Skills (ARCS): construct validity of a novel global rating scale for technical skills in robotically assisted surgery

Background Skill assessment during robotically assisted surgery remains challenging. While the popularity of the Global Evaluative Assessment of Robotics Skills (GEARS) has grown, its lack of discrimination between independent console skills limits its usefulness. The purpose of this study was to ev...

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Veröffentlicht in:Surgical endoscopy 2018, Vol.32 (1), p.526-535
Hauptverfasser: Liu, May, Purohit, Shreya, Mazanetz, Joshua, Allen, Whitney, Kreaden, Usha S., Curet, Myriam
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container_end_page 535
container_issue 1
container_start_page 526
container_title Surgical endoscopy
container_volume 32
creator Liu, May
Purohit, Shreya
Mazanetz, Joshua
Allen, Whitney
Kreaden, Usha S.
Curet, Myriam
description Background Skill assessment during robotically assisted surgery remains challenging. While the popularity of the Global Evaluative Assessment of Robotics Skills (GEARS) has grown, its lack of discrimination between independent console skills limits its usefulness. The purpose of this study was to evaluate construct validity and interrater reliability of a novel assessment designed to overcome this limitation. Methods We created the Assessment of Robotic Console Skills (ARCS), a global rating scale with six console skill domains. Fifteen volunteers who were console surgeons for 0 (“novice”), 1–100 (“intermediate”), or >100 (“experienced”) robotically assisted procedures performed three standardized tasks. Three blinded raters scored the task videos using ARCS, with a 5-point Likert scale for each skill domain. Scores were analyzed for evidence of construct validity and interrater reliability. Results Group demographics were indistinguishable except for the number of robotically assisted procedures performed ( p  = 0.001). The mean scores of experienced subjects exceeded those of novices in dexterity (3.8 > 1.4, p   1.8, p   2.2, p   1.9, p  = 0.001), and force sensitivity (4.3 > 2.6, p   1.4, p  = 0.002), field of view (2.8 > 1.8, p  = 0.021), instrument visualization (3.2 > 2.2, p  = 0.045), manipulator workspace (3.1 > 1.9, p  = 0.004), and force sensitivity (3.7 > 2.6, p  = 0.033). The mean scores of experienced subjects exceeded those of intermediates in dexterity (3.8 > 2.8, p  = 0.003), field of view (4.1 > 2.8, p   3.2, p  = 0.044). Rater agreement in each domain demonstrated statistically significant concordance ( p  
doi_str_mv 10.1007/s00464-017-5694-7
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While the popularity of the Global Evaluative Assessment of Robotics Skills (GEARS) has grown, its lack of discrimination between independent console skills limits its usefulness. The purpose of this study was to evaluate construct validity and interrater reliability of a novel assessment designed to overcome this limitation. Methods We created the Assessment of Robotic Console Skills (ARCS), a global rating scale with six console skill domains. Fifteen volunteers who were console surgeons for 0 (“novice”), 1–100 (“intermediate”), or >100 (“experienced”) robotically assisted procedures performed three standardized tasks. Three blinded raters scored the task videos using ARCS, with a 5-point Likert scale for each skill domain. Scores were analyzed for evidence of construct validity and interrater reliability. Results Group demographics were indistinguishable except for the number of robotically assisted procedures performed ( p  = 0.001). The mean scores of experienced subjects exceeded those of novices in dexterity (3.8 > 1.4, p  < 0.001), field of view (4.1 > 1.8, p  < 0.001), instrument visualization (3.9 > 2.2, p  < 0.001), manipulator workspace (3.6 > 1.9, p  = 0.001), and force sensitivity (4.3 > 2.6, p  < 0.001). The mean scores of intermediate subjects exceeded those of novices in dexterity (2.8 > 1.4, p  = 0.002), field of view (2.8 > 1.8, p  = 0.021), instrument visualization (3.2 > 2.2, p  = 0.045), manipulator workspace (3.1 > 1.9, p  = 0.004), and force sensitivity (3.7 > 2.6, p  = 0.033). The mean scores of experienced subjects exceeded those of intermediates in dexterity (3.8 > 2.8, p  = 0.003), field of view (4.1 > 2.8, p  < 0.001), and instrument visualization (3.9 > 3.2, p  = 0.044). Rater agreement in each domain demonstrated statistically significant concordance ( p  < 0.05). Conclusions We present strong evidence for construct validity and interrater reliability of ARCS. Our study shows that learning curves for some console skills plateau faster than others. Therefore, ARCS may be more useful than GEARS to evaluate distinct console skills. Future studies will examine why some domains did not adequately differentiate between subjects and applications for intraoperative use.]]></description><identifier>ISSN: 0930-2794</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-2218</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00464-017-5694-7</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28667546</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer US</publisher><subject>Abdominal Surgery ; Gastroenterology ; Gynecology ; Hepatology ; Medicine ; Medicine &amp; Public Health ; New Technology ; Proctology ; Skills ; Surgery ; Validation studies</subject><ispartof>Surgical endoscopy, 2018, Vol.32 (1), p.526-535</ispartof><rights>Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2017</rights><rights>Surgical Endoscopy is a copyright of Springer, (2017). All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c372t-bcba877ac6e6ca62f338ff1d9411fba39db6503b52e8087883b466df5900f9803</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c372t-bcba877ac6e6ca62f338ff1d9411fba39db6503b52e8087883b466df5900f9803</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-4709-5417</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00464-017-5694-7$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00464-017-5694-7$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,781,785,27928,27929,41492,42561,51323</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28667546$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Liu, May</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Purohit, Shreya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mazanetz, Joshua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Allen, Whitney</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kreaden, Usha S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Curet, Myriam</creatorcontrib><title>Assessment of Robotic Console Skills (ARCS): construct validity of a novel global rating scale for technical skills in robotically assisted surgery</title><title>Surgical endoscopy</title><addtitle>Surg Endosc</addtitle><addtitle>Surg Endosc</addtitle><description><![CDATA[Background Skill assessment during robotically assisted surgery remains challenging. While the popularity of the Global Evaluative Assessment of Robotics Skills (GEARS) has grown, its lack of discrimination between independent console skills limits its usefulness. The purpose of this study was to evaluate construct validity and interrater reliability of a novel assessment designed to overcome this limitation. Methods We created the Assessment of Robotic Console Skills (ARCS), a global rating scale with six console skill domains. Fifteen volunteers who were console surgeons for 0 (“novice”), 1–100 (“intermediate”), or >100 (“experienced”) robotically assisted procedures performed three standardized tasks. Three blinded raters scored the task videos using ARCS, with a 5-point Likert scale for each skill domain. Scores were analyzed for evidence of construct validity and interrater reliability. Results Group demographics were indistinguishable except for the number of robotically assisted procedures performed ( p  = 0.001). The mean scores of experienced subjects exceeded those of novices in dexterity (3.8 > 1.4, p  < 0.001), field of view (4.1 > 1.8, p  < 0.001), instrument visualization (3.9 > 2.2, p  < 0.001), manipulator workspace (3.6 > 1.9, p  = 0.001), and force sensitivity (4.3 > 2.6, p  < 0.001). The mean scores of intermediate subjects exceeded those of novices in dexterity (2.8 > 1.4, p  = 0.002), field of view (2.8 > 1.8, p  = 0.021), instrument visualization (3.2 > 2.2, p  = 0.045), manipulator workspace (3.1 > 1.9, p  = 0.004), and force sensitivity (3.7 > 2.6, p  = 0.033). The mean scores of experienced subjects exceeded those of intermediates in dexterity (3.8 > 2.8, p  = 0.003), field of view (4.1 > 2.8, p  < 0.001), and instrument visualization (3.9 > 3.2, p  = 0.044). Rater agreement in each domain demonstrated statistically significant concordance ( p  < 0.05). Conclusions We present strong evidence for construct validity and interrater reliability of ARCS. Our study shows that learning curves for some console skills plateau faster than others. Therefore, ARCS may be more useful than GEARS to evaluate distinct console skills. Future studies will examine why some domains did not adequately differentiate between subjects and applications for intraoperative use.]]></description><subject>Abdominal Surgery</subject><subject>Gastroenterology</subject><subject>Gynecology</subject><subject>Hepatology</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine &amp; Public Health</subject><subject>New Technology</subject><subject>Proctology</subject><subject>Skills</subject><subject>Surgery</subject><subject>Validation studies</subject><issn>0930-2794</issn><issn>1432-2218</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kc2KFDEUhYMoTjv6AG4k4GZclCaVVH7cNY1_MCDM6DqkUkmbMV0Zc1MD_Ry-sGlqFBFchSTfOfdyDkLPKXlNCZFvgBAueEeo7AaheScfoA3lrO_6nqqHaEM0I10vNT9DTwBuSMM1HR6js14JIQcuNujnFsADHPxccQ74Ko-5Rod3eYacPL7-HlMCfLG92l2_eotde65lcRXf2RSnWI8nkcVzvvMJ71MebcLF1jjvMTjbDEIuuHr3bY7timG1izMu6yCb0hFbgAjVTxiWsvfl-BQ9CjaBf3Z_nqOv79992X3sLj9_-LTbXnaOyb52oxutktI64YWzog-MqRDopDmlYbRMT6MYCBuH3iuipFJs5EJMYdCEBK0IO0cXq-9tyT8WD9UcIjifkp19XsDQFhbjgokT-vIf9CYvZW7bNUq3OJXkrFF0pVzJAMUHc1viwZajocScGjNrY6Y1Zk6NGdk0L-6dl_Hgpz-K3xU1oF8BaF9zy-ev0f91_QVu8qJ5</recordid><startdate>2018</startdate><enddate>2018</enddate><creator>Liu, May</creator><creator>Purohit, Shreya</creator><creator>Mazanetz, Joshua</creator><creator>Allen, Whitney</creator><creator>Kreaden, Usha S.</creator><creator>Curet, Myriam</creator><general>Springer US</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4709-5417</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>2018</creationdate><title>Assessment of Robotic Console Skills (ARCS): construct validity of a novel global rating scale for technical skills in robotically assisted surgery</title><author>Liu, May ; 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Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Surgical endoscopy</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Liu, May</au><au>Purohit, Shreya</au><au>Mazanetz, Joshua</au><au>Allen, Whitney</au><au>Kreaden, Usha S.</au><au>Curet, Myriam</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Assessment of Robotic Console Skills (ARCS): construct validity of a novel global rating scale for technical skills in robotically assisted surgery</atitle><jtitle>Surgical endoscopy</jtitle><stitle>Surg Endosc</stitle><addtitle>Surg Endosc</addtitle><date>2018</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>32</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>526</spage><epage>535</epage><pages>526-535</pages><issn>0930-2794</issn><eissn>1432-2218</eissn><abstract><![CDATA[Background Skill assessment during robotically assisted surgery remains challenging. While the popularity of the Global Evaluative Assessment of Robotics Skills (GEARS) has grown, its lack of discrimination between independent console skills limits its usefulness. The purpose of this study was to evaluate construct validity and interrater reliability of a novel assessment designed to overcome this limitation. Methods We created the Assessment of Robotic Console Skills (ARCS), a global rating scale with six console skill domains. Fifteen volunteers who were console surgeons for 0 (“novice”), 1–100 (“intermediate”), or >100 (“experienced”) robotically assisted procedures performed three standardized tasks. Three blinded raters scored the task videos using ARCS, with a 5-point Likert scale for each skill domain. Scores were analyzed for evidence of construct validity and interrater reliability. Results Group demographics were indistinguishable except for the number of robotically assisted procedures performed ( p  = 0.001). The mean scores of experienced subjects exceeded those of novices in dexterity (3.8 > 1.4, p  < 0.001), field of view (4.1 > 1.8, p  < 0.001), instrument visualization (3.9 > 2.2, p  < 0.001), manipulator workspace (3.6 > 1.9, p  = 0.001), and force sensitivity (4.3 > 2.6, p  < 0.001). The mean scores of intermediate subjects exceeded those of novices in dexterity (2.8 > 1.4, p  = 0.002), field of view (2.8 > 1.8, p  = 0.021), instrument visualization (3.2 > 2.2, p  = 0.045), manipulator workspace (3.1 > 1.9, p  = 0.004), and force sensitivity (3.7 > 2.6, p  = 0.033). The mean scores of experienced subjects exceeded those of intermediates in dexterity (3.8 > 2.8, p  = 0.003), field of view (4.1 > 2.8, p  < 0.001), and instrument visualization (3.9 > 3.2, p  = 0.044). Rater agreement in each domain demonstrated statistically significant concordance ( p  < 0.05). Conclusions We present strong evidence for construct validity and interrater reliability of ARCS. Our study shows that learning curves for some console skills plateau faster than others. Therefore, ARCS may be more useful than GEARS to evaluate distinct console skills. Future studies will examine why some domains did not adequately differentiate between subjects and applications for intraoperative use.]]></abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Springer US</pub><pmid>28667546</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00464-017-5694-7</doi><tpages>10</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4709-5417</orcidid></addata></record>
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subjects Abdominal Surgery
Gastroenterology
Gynecology
Hepatology
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
New Technology
Proctology
Skills
Surgery
Validation studies
title Assessment of Robotic Console Skills (ARCS): construct validity of a novel global rating scale for technical skills in robotically assisted surgery
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