Plasma microRNA‐16‐5p, ‐17‐5p and ‐20a‐5p: Novel diagnostic biomarkers for gestational diabetes mellitus

Aim To explore whether plasma microRNA‐16‐5p, ‐17‐5p and ‐20a‐5p can be used as diagnostic biomarkers in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to investigate the relationship between those microRNAs and the risk factors of GDM (body mass index [BMI], insulin resistance [IR] and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α)). Methods A total of 85 pregnant women with GDM and 72 pregnant women without GDM were enrolled in this study. The plasma concentration of microRNAs (microRNA‐16‐5p, ‐17‐5p, ‐19a‐3p, ‐19b‐3p, ‐20a‐5p) was measured using quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Spearman's correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between those microRNAs and the risk factors of GDM, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. Results Compared with non‐GDM women, the relative and absolute expression of plasma microRNA‐16‐5p, ‐17‐5p, ‐20a‐5p from GDM women were significantly upregulated, when those women were diagnosed as GDM. During pregnancy, the expression of those microRNAs from GDM women also were significantly upregulated. The expression of those microRNAs was also positively correlated with IR, a risk factor of GDM. Plasma microRNA‐16‐5p, ‐17‐5p, ‐20a‐5p reflected an obvious separation between GDM women and non‐GDM women, with areas under the curve of 0.92 (95%CI: 0.871–0.984), 0.88 (95%CI: 0.798–0.962), and 0.74 (95%CI: 0.618–0.870), respectively, cut‐offs >2554, 1820, 3886 copies/μL, respectively; sensitivity 41.6%, 21.4% and 17.8%, respectively; and specificity 95.8%, 95.4% and 95.4%, respectively. Conclusion Plasma microRNA‐16‐5p, ‐17‐5p and ‐20a‐5p are potential diagnostic biomarkers in GDM.