The predictive value of urinary vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on worsening kidney function in proteinuric chronic kidney disease

To evaluate the role of urinary vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as an early predictor of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression in patients with glomerular diseases. We prospectively included patients with proteinuria and CKD grade 1 - 5 due to glomerular disease at the time of kidney biopsy. At baseline, we collected demographics, comorbidities, smoking history, serum creatinine (sCr), proteinuria, and urinary VEGF in collected 24-hour urine. The primary outcome was a 50% increase in sCr at last follow-up. Binary regression was used to explore the impact of urinary biomarkers adjusted for baseline patient characteristics on the outcome. From July 2011 to September 2012 we included 49 patients aged 45.2 ± 14.8 years, 43% female, with different glomerular diseases. We followed them for 29 ± 11 months. Twelve out of 49 (22%) patients met the primary outcome. The patients with a 50% increase in sCr at last follow-up had a significantly higher baseline sCr (193 ± 101 vs. 127 ± 84; p = 0.014) and higher urinary VEGF/creatinine in 24-hour urine (7.7 ± 6.4 vs. 3.0 ± 4.0; p = 0.005). When we added both sCr and urinary VEGF/creatinine to the binary regression model, the correlation with baseline sCr was not significant (OR 1.01; 95% CI 1.00 - 1.01; p = 0.184), while urinary VEGF/creatinine remained significant (OR 1.18; 95% CI 1.04 - 1.35; p = 0.008). Baseline patient characteristics, such as age, gender, body mass index, sCr, proteinuria, smoking status, histopathologic diagnosis, concomitant arterial hypertension, and time to last follow-up did not influence the primary outcome. The urinary VEGF/creatinine ratio in 24-hour urine seems to independently predict worsening of chronic kidney disease in patients with glomerular diseases. .