Testing Macroevolutionary Hypotheses with Cladistic Analysis: Evidence Against Rectangular Evolution
The properties of cladistic data sets from small monophyletic groups (6-12 species) are investigated using computer simulations of macroevolution. Two evolutionary models are simulated: gradualism and the punctuated-equilibrium hypothesis. Under the conditions of our simulations these two models of...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Evolution 1989-11, Vol.43 (7), p.1538-1554 |
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| container_title | Evolution |
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| creator | Lemen, Cliff A. Freeman, Patricia W. |
| description | The properties of cladistic data sets from small monophyletic groups (6-12 species) are investigated using computer simulations of macroevolution. Two evolutionary models are simulated: gradualism and the punctuated-equilibrium hypothesis. Under the conditions of our simulations these two models of evolution make consistently different predictions about the distribution of autapomorphies among species. When strict stasis is enforced, the punctuated-equilibrium hypothesis predicts that the most expected number of autapomorphies per species will be zero, no matter how many characters are used in the analysis. As the number of characters used in the analysis increases, the distribution of the number of autapomorphies per species becomes bimodal. Under gradualism, the distribution of autapomorphies remains unimodal under all conditions, but the number of species without autapomorphies can fall to zero. A survey of real cladograms of extant monophyletic groups from a wide range of taxa indicates that the predictions of the punctuated-equilibrium hypothesis about autapomorphies do not hold. This constitutes strong evidence against the punctuated-equilibrium hypothesis. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1989.tb02602.x |
| format | Article |
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Two evolutionary models are simulated: gradualism and the punctuated-equilibrium hypothesis. Under the conditions of our simulations these two models of evolution make consistently different predictions about the distribution of autapomorphies among species. When strict stasis is enforced, the punctuated-equilibrium hypothesis predicts that the most expected number of autapomorphies per species will be zero, no matter how many characters are used in the analysis. As the number of characters used in the analysis increases, the distribution of the number of autapomorphies per species becomes bimodal. Under gradualism, the distribution of autapomorphies remains unimodal under all conditions, but the number of species without autapomorphies can fall to zero. A survey of real cladograms of extant monophyletic groups from a wide range of taxa indicates that the predictions of the punctuated-equilibrium hypothesis about autapomorphies do not hold. 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Two evolutionary models are simulated: gradualism and the punctuated-equilibrium hypothesis. Under the conditions of our simulations these two models of evolution make consistently different predictions about the distribution of autapomorphies among species. When strict stasis is enforced, the punctuated-equilibrium hypothesis predicts that the most expected number of autapomorphies per species will be zero, no matter how many characters are used in the analysis. As the number of characters used in the analysis increases, the distribution of the number of autapomorphies per species becomes bimodal. Under gradualism, the distribution of autapomorphies remains unimodal under all conditions, but the number of species without autapomorphies can fall to zero. A survey of real cladograms of extant monophyletic groups from a wide range of taxa indicates that the predictions of the punctuated-equilibrium hypothesis about autapomorphies do not hold. This constitutes strong evidence against the punctuated-equilibrium hypothesis.</abstract><cop>Malden, MA</cop><pub>Society for the Study of Evolution</pub><pmid>28564246</pmid><doi>10.1111/j.1558-5646.1989.tb02602.x</doi><tpages>17</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Evolution, 1989-11, Vol.43 (7), p.1538-1554 |
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| language | eng |
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| source | JSTOR Archive Collection A-Z Listing; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Biological and medical sciences Biological evolution Biological taxonomies Correlations Datasets Evolution Extinct species Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Genetics of eukaryotes. Biological and molecular evolution Gradualism New species Speciation Species extinction Standard deviation |
| title | Testing Macroevolutionary Hypotheses with Cladistic Analysis: Evidence Against Rectangular Evolution |
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