Astronaut ophthalmic syndrome

ABSTRACT During and after missions on the International Space Station, some astronauts experience ophthalmic changes, including choroidal folds, optic disc edema, cotton‐wool spots, globe flattening, and refraction changes. Astronauts with ophthalmic issues had significantly higher plasma concentrat...

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Veröffentlicht in:The FASEB journal 2017-09, Vol.31 (9), p.3746-3756
Hauptverfasser: Zwart, Sara R., Gibson, Charles R., Gregory, Jesse F., Mader, Thomas H., Stover, Patrick J., Zeisel, Steven H., Smith, Scott M.
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container_end_page 3756
container_issue 9
container_start_page 3746
container_title The FASEB journal
container_volume 31
creator Zwart, Sara R.
Gibson, Charles R.
Gregory, Jesse F.
Mader, Thomas H.
Stover, Patrick J.
Zeisel, Steven H.
Smith, Scott M.
description ABSTRACT During and after missions on the International Space Station, some astronauts experience ophthalmic changes, including choroidal folds, optic disc edema, cotton‐wool spots, globe flattening, and refraction changes. Astronauts with ophthalmic issues had significantly higher plasma concentrations of metabolites that are associated with the 1‐carbon metabolic pathway than those without ophthalmic issues. We hypothesized that genetic differences might explain the metabolite differences. Indeed, genetics and B vitamin status were significant predictors of ophthalmic issues. We now have developed a hypothesis regarding the mechanisms that link 1‐carbon pathway genetics and the condition that we suggest calling, “astronaut ophthalmic syndrome.” We maintain that this condition is genetically predisposed and is associated with endothelial dysfunction that is induced by oxidative stress. Subsequent edema can hinder cerebrospinal fluid efflux and can lead to locally increased pressures in the subarachnoid space within the orbit, which impinges on the optic nerve and/or eye in affected individuals. Confirming this hypothesis will help characterize the genetics of 1‐carbon pathway metabolism, homocysteine, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and cardiovascular and potentially other diseases.—Zwart, S. R., Gibson, C. R., Gregory, J. F., Mader, T. H., Stover, P. J., Zeisel, S. H., Smith, S. M. Astronaut ophthalmic syndrome. FASEB J. 31, 3746–3756 (2017). www.fasebj.org—Zwart, Sara R., Gibson, Charles R., Gregory, Jesse F., Mader, Thomas H., Stover, Patrick J., Zeisel, Steven H., Smith, Scott M., Astronaut ophthalmic syndrome. FASEB J. 31, 3746–3756 (2017)
doi_str_mv 10.1096/fj.201700294
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Astronauts with ophthalmic issues had significantly higher plasma concentrations of metabolites that are associated with the 1‐carbon metabolic pathway than those without ophthalmic issues. We hypothesized that genetic differences might explain the metabolite differences. Indeed, genetics and B vitamin status were significant predictors of ophthalmic issues. We now have developed a hypothesis regarding the mechanisms that link 1‐carbon pathway genetics and the condition that we suggest calling, “astronaut ophthalmic syndrome.” We maintain that this condition is genetically predisposed and is associated with endothelial dysfunction that is induced by oxidative stress. Subsequent edema can hinder cerebrospinal fluid efflux and can lead to locally increased pressures in the subarachnoid space within the orbit, which impinges on the optic nerve and/or eye in affected individuals. 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subjects Aerospace Medicine
Astronauts
B vitamins
Carbon
Carbon Dioxide
Cerebrospinal fluid
Edema
Edema - etiology
Edema - pathology
Efflux
endothelial dysfunction
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Genetics
Homocysteine
Humans
Hypotheses
International Space Station
Metabolism
Metabolites
microgravity
Optic nerve
Oxidative metabolism
Oxidative stress
Space Flight
Space missions
Subarachnoid space
Vision Disorders - etiology
Vision Disorders - genetics
Vision Disorders - physiopathology
Vitamin B Complex - blood
Vitamin B Complex - metabolism
Weightlessness
title Astronaut ophthalmic syndrome
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