Incidence of G-Induced Loss of Consciousness and Almost Loss of Consciousness in the Royal Air Force
INTRODUCTION: Exposure to sustained +Gz acceleration with inadequate G protection can result in G-induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC) or almost loss of consciousness (A-LOC). The UK Royal Air Force (RAF) last conducted a survey of G-LOC within their military aircrew in 2005 with interventions subs...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Aerospace medicine and human performance 2017-06, Vol.88 (6), p.550-555 |
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| creator | Slungaard, Ellen McLeod, Judith Green, Nicholas D. C. Kiran, Amit Newham, Di J. Harridge, Stephen D. R. |
| description | INTRODUCTION: Exposure to sustained +Gz acceleration with inadequate G protection can result in G-induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC) or almost loss of consciousness (A-LOC). The UK Royal Air Force (RAF) last conducted a survey of G-LOC within their military aircrew
in 2005 with interventions subsequently introduced. The aim of this study was to repeat the 2005 survey in order to evaluate the impact of those interventions.METHODS: An anonymous questionnaire requesting details of G-LOC and A-LOC events was mailed to all RAF pilots (N
= 1878) and weapons systems operators (WSOs) (N = 473), irrespective of aircraft currently flown.RESULTS: The questionnaire was returned by 809 aircrew (34.4% response rate). There were 120 (14.8%) aircrew who reported at least one episode of G-LOC and 260 (32.2%) reported
at least one episode of A-LOC. The reported prevalence of G-LOC in the previous 2005 survey was 20.1% (N = 454). There was an increased reporting of G-LOC in the Hawk, Tucano, and Grob Tutor aircraft, with 5 G-LOC and 19 A-LOC events reported in the Grob Tutor compared to none in 2005.DISCUSSION:
The prevalence of reported G-LOC has decreased in the surveyed populations, which may be due to the introduction of centrifuge training, but also may be influenced by patterns of G exposure and other factors. Scope for further reduction remains through correct execution of the anti-G straining
maneuver (AGSM) with centrifuge training early in flying training and use of a structured conditioning program to increase the general strength of muscles involved in the AGSM.Slungaard E, McLeod J, Green NDC, Kiran A, Newham DJ, Harridge SDR. Incidence of G-induced loss of consciousness and almost loss of consciousness in the Royal Air Force. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2017; 88(6):550-555. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3357/AMHP.4752.2017 |
| format | Article |
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in 2005 with interventions subsequently introduced. The aim of this study was to repeat the 2005 survey in order to evaluate the impact of those interventions.METHODS: An anonymous questionnaire requesting details of G-LOC and A-LOC events was mailed to all RAF pilots (N
= 1878) and weapons systems operators (WSOs) (N = 473), irrespective of aircraft currently flown.RESULTS: The questionnaire was returned by 809 aircrew (34.4% response rate). There were 120 (14.8%) aircrew who reported at least one episode of G-LOC and 260 (32.2%) reported
at least one episode of A-LOC. The reported prevalence of G-LOC in the previous 2005 survey was 20.1% (N = 454). There was an increased reporting of G-LOC in the Hawk, Tucano, and Grob Tutor aircraft, with 5 G-LOC and 19 A-LOC events reported in the Grob Tutor compared to none in 2005.DISCUSSION:
The prevalence of reported G-LOC has decreased in the surveyed populations, which may be due to the introduction of centrifuge training, but also may be influenced by patterns of G exposure and other factors. Scope for further reduction remains through correct execution of the anti-G straining
maneuver (AGSM) with centrifuge training early in flying training and use of a structured conditioning program to increase the general strength of muscles involved in the AGSM.Slungaard E, McLeod J, Green NDC, Kiran A, Newham DJ, Harridge SDR. Incidence of G-induced loss of consciousness and almost loss of consciousness in the Royal Air Force. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2017; 88(6):550-555.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2375-6314</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2375-6322</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3357/AMHP.4752.2017</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28539143</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Aerospace Medical Association</publisher><subject>A-Loc ; Acceleration ; Adult ; Aerospace Medicine ; Air conditioners ; Aircraft ; Aircraft accidents & safety ; Centrifugation ; Centrifuges ; Consciousness ; Exposure ; Flight ; G-Loc ; Gravitation ; Humans ; Hypergravity - adverse effects ; Incidence ; Military aircraft ; Military Personnel - statistics & numerical data ; Muscles ; Pilots ; Pilots - statistics & numerical data ; Prevalence ; Simulation Training ; Space life sciences ; Survey ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Training ; Unconsciousness - epidemiology ; Unconsciousness - etiology ; United Kingdom - epidemiology</subject><ispartof>Aerospace medicine and human performance, 2017-06, Vol.88 (6), p.550-555</ispartof><rights>Copyright Aerospace Medical Association Jun 2017</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c452t-6415426b7697e4137be23acaf90f197cf86ca144f0a5f925654c830fec43ba423</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28539143$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Slungaard, Ellen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McLeod, Judith</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Green, Nicholas D. C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kiran, Amit</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Newham, Di J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harridge, Stephen D. R.</creatorcontrib><title>Incidence of G-Induced Loss of Consciousness and Almost Loss of Consciousness in the Royal Air Force</title><title>Aerospace medicine and human performance</title><addtitle>Aerosp Med Hum Perform</addtitle><description>INTRODUCTION: Exposure to sustained +Gz acceleration with inadequate G protection can result in G-induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC) or almost loss of consciousness (A-LOC). The UK Royal Air Force (RAF) last conducted a survey of G-LOC within their military aircrew
in 2005 with interventions subsequently introduced. The aim of this study was to repeat the 2005 survey in order to evaluate the impact of those interventions.METHODS: An anonymous questionnaire requesting details of G-LOC and A-LOC events was mailed to all RAF pilots (N
= 1878) and weapons systems operators (WSOs) (N = 473), irrespective of aircraft currently flown.RESULTS: The questionnaire was returned by 809 aircrew (34.4% response rate). There were 120 (14.8%) aircrew who reported at least one episode of G-LOC and 260 (32.2%) reported
at least one episode of A-LOC. The reported prevalence of G-LOC in the previous 2005 survey was 20.1% (N = 454). There was an increased reporting of G-LOC in the Hawk, Tucano, and Grob Tutor aircraft, with 5 G-LOC and 19 A-LOC events reported in the Grob Tutor compared to none in 2005.DISCUSSION:
The prevalence of reported G-LOC has decreased in the surveyed populations, which may be due to the introduction of centrifuge training, but also may be influenced by patterns of G exposure and other factors. Scope for further reduction remains through correct execution of the anti-G straining
maneuver (AGSM) with centrifuge training early in flying training and use of a structured conditioning program to increase the general strength of muscles involved in the AGSM.Slungaard E, McLeod J, Green NDC, Kiran A, Newham DJ, Harridge SDR. Incidence of G-induced loss of consciousness and almost loss of consciousness in the Royal Air Force. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2017; 88(6):550-555.</description><subject>A-Loc</subject><subject>Acceleration</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aerospace Medicine</subject><subject>Air conditioners</subject><subject>Aircraft</subject><subject>Aircraft accidents & safety</subject><subject>Centrifugation</subject><subject>Centrifuges</subject><subject>Consciousness</subject><subject>Exposure</subject><subject>Flight</subject><subject>G-Loc</subject><subject>Gravitation</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypergravity - adverse effects</subject><subject>Incidence</subject><subject>Military aircraft</subject><subject>Military Personnel - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Muscles</subject><subject>Pilots</subject><subject>Pilots - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Simulation Training</subject><subject>Space life sciences</subject><subject>Survey</subject><subject>Surveys and Questionnaires</subject><subject>Training</subject><subject>Unconsciousness - epidemiology</subject><subject>Unconsciousness - etiology</subject><subject>United Kingdom - epidemiology</subject><issn>2375-6314</issn><issn>2375-6322</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kd1rFDEUxYMottS--igDvvgy23x_PA6LbRe2KqLPIZtJ2ikzyZrMFOpfb9JdKwjNSw6XX869uQeA9wiuCGHioru5_raiguEVhki8AqeYCNZygvHrZ43oCTjP-R5CiChCmLG34ARLRhSi5BT0m2CH3gXrmuibq3YT-sW6vtnGnGtlHUO2Q1xycKVgQt904xTz_AIwhGa-c833-GjGphtScxmTde_AG2_G7M6P9xn4efn5x_q63X692qy7bWspw3PLKWIU853gSjiKiNg5TIw1XkGPlLBecmsQpR4a5hVmnFErCfTOUrIzFJMz8Ongu0_x1-LyrKchWzeOJrgyoUYKYioRFKKgH_9D7-OSQplOl10SrriCpFCrA2VT-W5yXu_TMJn0qBHUNQJdI9A1gvqs2n442i67yfXP-N-FF6A7AEO4dWE2_9qaPBltprv9k5OGT0fKo4BcmzRXUZt8ecFjsAebmn2NXj9IGXgxxAhKpHTJn-jeebOMs55N0re_dRbkD2mirbQ</recordid><startdate>20170601</startdate><enddate>20170601</enddate><creator>Slungaard, Ellen</creator><creator>McLeod, Judith</creator><creator>Green, Nicholas D. 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C. ; Kiran, Amit ; Newham, Di J. ; Harridge, Stephen D. R.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c452t-6415426b7697e4137be23acaf90f197cf86ca144f0a5f925654c830fec43ba423</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>A-Loc</topic><topic>Acceleration</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aerospace Medicine</topic><topic>Air conditioners</topic><topic>Aircraft</topic><topic>Aircraft accidents & safety</topic><topic>Centrifugation</topic><topic>Centrifuges</topic><topic>Consciousness</topic><topic>Exposure</topic><topic>Flight</topic><topic>G-Loc</topic><topic>Gravitation</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hypergravity - adverse effects</topic><topic>Incidence</topic><topic>Military aircraft</topic><topic>Military Personnel - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Muscles</topic><topic>Pilots</topic><topic>Pilots - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Prevalence</topic><topic>Simulation Training</topic><topic>Space life sciences</topic><topic>Survey</topic><topic>Surveys and Questionnaires</topic><topic>Training</topic><topic>Unconsciousness - epidemiology</topic><topic>Unconsciousness - etiology</topic><topic>United Kingdom - epidemiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Slungaard, Ellen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McLeod, Judith</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Green, Nicholas D. 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C.</au><au>Kiran, Amit</au><au>Newham, Di J.</au><au>Harridge, Stephen D. R.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Incidence of G-Induced Loss of Consciousness and Almost Loss of Consciousness in the Royal Air Force</atitle><jtitle>Aerospace medicine and human performance</jtitle><addtitle>Aerosp Med Hum Perform</addtitle><date>2017-06-01</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>88</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>550</spage><epage>555</epage><pages>550-555</pages><issn>2375-6314</issn><eissn>2375-6322</eissn><abstract>INTRODUCTION: Exposure to sustained +Gz acceleration with inadequate G protection can result in G-induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC) or almost loss of consciousness (A-LOC). The UK Royal Air Force (RAF) last conducted a survey of G-LOC within their military aircrew
in 2005 with interventions subsequently introduced. The aim of this study was to repeat the 2005 survey in order to evaluate the impact of those interventions.METHODS: An anonymous questionnaire requesting details of G-LOC and A-LOC events was mailed to all RAF pilots (N
= 1878) and weapons systems operators (WSOs) (N = 473), irrespective of aircraft currently flown.RESULTS: The questionnaire was returned by 809 aircrew (34.4% response rate). There were 120 (14.8%) aircrew who reported at least one episode of G-LOC and 260 (32.2%) reported
at least one episode of A-LOC. The reported prevalence of G-LOC in the previous 2005 survey was 20.1% (N = 454). There was an increased reporting of G-LOC in the Hawk, Tucano, and Grob Tutor aircraft, with 5 G-LOC and 19 A-LOC events reported in the Grob Tutor compared to none in 2005.DISCUSSION:
The prevalence of reported G-LOC has decreased in the surveyed populations, which may be due to the introduction of centrifuge training, but also may be influenced by patterns of G exposure and other factors. Scope for further reduction remains through correct execution of the anti-G straining
maneuver (AGSM) with centrifuge training early in flying training and use of a structured conditioning program to increase the general strength of muscles involved in the AGSM.Slungaard E, McLeod J, Green NDC, Kiran A, Newham DJ, Harridge SDR. Incidence of G-induced loss of consciousness and almost loss of consciousness in the Royal Air Force. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2017; 88(6):550-555.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Aerospace Medical Association</pub><pmid>28539143</pmid><doi>10.3357/AMHP.4752.2017</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals |
| subjects | A-Loc Acceleration Adult Aerospace Medicine Air conditioners Aircraft Aircraft accidents & safety Centrifugation Centrifuges Consciousness Exposure Flight G-Loc Gravitation Humans Hypergravity - adverse effects Incidence Military aircraft Military Personnel - statistics & numerical data Muscles Pilots Pilots - statistics & numerical data Prevalence Simulation Training Space life sciences Survey Surveys and Questionnaires Training Unconsciousness - epidemiology Unconsciousness - etiology United Kingdom - epidemiology |
| title | Incidence of G-Induced Loss of Consciousness and Almost Loss of Consciousness in the Royal Air Force |
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