Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy Is Associated with Offspring Hypodontia

Little is known about environmental risk factors for hypodontia. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between hypodontia and common environmental risk factors, such as maternal smoking and alcohol and caffeine consumption during pregnancy. Eighty-nine hypodontia cases with...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Journal of dental research 2017-08, Vol.96 (9), p.1014-1019
Hauptverfasser:	Al-Ani, A.H., Antoun, J.S., Thomson, W.M., Merriman, T.R., Farella, M.
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	Adolescent Adult Alcohol Alcohol Drinking - adverse effects Anodontia - diagnostic imaging Anodontia - etiology Bias Birth defects Caffeine Caffeine - adverse effects Case-Control Studies Cigarettes Data analysis Dentistry Female Gestational Age Humans Hypotheses Incisors Male Maternal Age Mothers Orthodontics Passive smoking Pregnancy Premolars Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects Radiography Radiography, Panoramic Risk Factors Smoking Smoking - adverse effects Socioeconomic Factors Statistical analysis Studies Surveys and Questionnaires Teeth
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