Capsule, septum, and T2 hyperintense foci for differentiation between large hepatocellular carcinoma (≥5 cm) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma on gadoxetic acid MRI
Objective To determine the added value of capsule, septum, and T2 hyperintense foci for differentiating large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC; ≥ 5 cm) from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) using gadoxetic acid MRI. Methods The study included 116 patients (94 men, 22 women; mean age, 56.8 years) w...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | European radiology 2017-11, Vol.27 (11), p.4581-4590 |
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| creator | Hwang, Jiyoung Kim, Young Kon Min, Ji Hye Choi, Seo-Youn Jeong, Woo Kyung Hong, Seong Sook Kim, Hyun-joo Ahn, Soohyun Ahn, Hyeon Seon |
| description | Objective
To determine the added value of capsule, septum, and T2 hyperintense foci for differentiating large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC; ≥ 5 cm) from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) using gadoxetic acid MRI.
Methods
The study included 116 patients (94 men, 22 women; mean age, 56.8 years) with surgically confirmed HCCs (n = 87, 5.0–18.0 cm) or ICCs (n = 29, 5.0–14.0 cm) who underwent gadoxetic acid MRI. Three observers independently reviewed MRIs in two sessions, examining enhancement patterns only and then adding capsule, septum, and T2 hyperintense foci. Reviewers used a five-point scale to score accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity.
Results
A significant increase was observed in accuracy when ancillary features (96.1–98.3%) were added compared to enhancement pattern only (83.6–88.4%;
p
≤ 0.02). Sensitivity was significantly increased with combined reading (97.1–98.3%) compared to enhancement features only (81.6–88.5%;
p
≤ 0.006) for two observers, with no difference in specificity (84.5–89.7% vs. 86.2–98.3%;
p
> 0.05). We found substantial to excellent interobserver agreement for ancillary features (0.598–0.976).
Conclusion
Adding capsule, septum, and T2 hyperintense foci to enhancement patterns for gadoxetic acid MRI increased diagnostic performance for characterizing large HCC by differentiating it from ICC.
Key Points
•
Capsule
,
septum
,
and T2 hyperintense foci were useful for characterizing large HCC
.
•
Adding ancillary features to enhancement pattern increased accuracy for diagnosing large HCC
.
•
Interobserver agreement was substantial to excellent for ancillary features
. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00330-017-4846-4 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1899121473</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>1949496651</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c438t-3d58b162d57be605d47c65f32bd4be616f7b18eab467bfa92be422b215417c5d3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kd9qFDEUxoNY7Fp9AG8k4E2FjiaZJDNzKUvVQkWQeh3y58xuykwyJjPYPkIfpOBz-SRmu62KIIEEzvl930nyIfSCkjeUkOZtJqSuSUVoU_GWy4o_QivKa1ZR0vLHaEW6uq2aruOH6GnOl4SQjvLmCTpkrShSKVbox1pPeRngBGeY5mU8wTo4fMHw9nqC5MMMIQPuo_VlS9j5vocEYfZ69jFgA_N3gIAHnTaAtzDpOVoYhqUUsNXJ-hBHjY9_3twKbMfXd-7FNek71ltst3HQYePjH7r4brSLV7Dra-sd_vTl7Bk66PWQ4fn9eYS-vj-9WH-szj9_OFu_O68sr9u5qp1oDZXMicaAJMLxxkrR18w4XgpU9o2hLWjDZWN63TEDnDHDqOC0scLVR-h47zul-G2BPKvR592TdIC4ZEXbrqOsfGNd0Ff_oJdxSaHcTtGOlyWloIWie8qmmHOCXk3JjzpdK0rULka1j1GVGNUuRsWL5uW982JGcL8VD7kVgO2BXFphA-mv0f91_QVmgqrY</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1949496651</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Capsule, septum, and T2 hyperintense foci for differentiation between large hepatocellular carcinoma (≥5 cm) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma on gadoxetic acid MRI</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings</source><creator>Hwang, Jiyoung ; Kim, Young Kon ; Min, Ji Hye ; Choi, Seo-Youn ; Jeong, Woo Kyung ; Hong, Seong Sook ; Kim, Hyun-joo ; Ahn, Soohyun ; Ahn, Hyeon Seon</creator><creatorcontrib>Hwang, Jiyoung ; Kim, Young Kon ; Min, Ji Hye ; Choi, Seo-Youn ; Jeong, Woo Kyung ; Hong, Seong Sook ; Kim, Hyun-joo ; Ahn, Soohyun ; Ahn, Hyeon Seon</creatorcontrib><description>Objective
To determine the added value of capsule, septum, and T2 hyperintense foci for differentiating large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC; ≥ 5 cm) from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) using gadoxetic acid MRI.
Methods
The study included 116 patients (94 men, 22 women; mean age, 56.8 years) with surgically confirmed HCCs (n = 87, 5.0–18.0 cm) or ICCs (n = 29, 5.0–14.0 cm) who underwent gadoxetic acid MRI. Three observers independently reviewed MRIs in two sessions, examining enhancement patterns only and then adding capsule, septum, and T2 hyperintense foci. Reviewers used a five-point scale to score accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity.
Results
A significant increase was observed in accuracy when ancillary features (96.1–98.3%) were added compared to enhancement pattern only (83.6–88.4%;
p
≤ 0.02). Sensitivity was significantly increased with combined reading (97.1–98.3%) compared to enhancement features only (81.6–88.5%;
p
≤ 0.006) for two observers, with no difference in specificity (84.5–89.7% vs. 86.2–98.3%;
p
> 0.05). We found substantial to excellent interobserver agreement for ancillary features (0.598–0.976).
Conclusion
Adding capsule, septum, and T2 hyperintense foci to enhancement patterns for gadoxetic acid MRI increased diagnostic performance for characterizing large HCC by differentiating it from ICC.
Key Points
•
Capsule
,
septum
,
and T2 hyperintense foci were useful for characterizing large HCC
.
•
Adding ancillary features to enhancement pattern increased accuracy for diagnosing large HCC
.
•
Interobserver agreement was substantial to excellent for ancillary features
.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0938-7994</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-1084</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00330-017-4846-4</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28500365</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Accuracy ; Acids ; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic - pathology ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - pathology ; Cholangiocarcinoma ; Cholangiocarcinoma - pathology ; Contrast Media - pharmacology ; Diagnostic Radiology ; Diagnostic systems ; Female ; Gadolinium DTPA - pharmacology ; Hepatocellular carcinoma ; Humans ; Imaging ; Internal Medicine ; Interventional Radiology ; Liver - pathology ; Liver cancer ; Liver Neoplasms - pathology ; Magnetic Resonance ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods ; Male ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging - methods ; Neuroradiology ; Observers ; Radiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity ; Septum ; Ultrasound</subject><ispartof>European radiology, 2017-11, Vol.27 (11), p.4581-4590</ispartof><rights>European Society of Radiology 2017</rights><rights>European Radiology is a copyright of Springer, 2017.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c438t-3d58b162d57be605d47c65f32bd4be616f7b18eab467bfa92be422b215417c5d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c438t-3d58b162d57be605d47c65f32bd4be616f7b18eab467bfa92be422b215417c5d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00330-017-4846-4$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00330-017-4846-4$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,27905,27906,41469,42538,51300</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28500365$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hwang, Jiyoung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Young Kon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Min, Ji Hye</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choi, Seo-Youn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jeong, Woo Kyung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hong, Seong Sook</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Hyun-joo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ahn, Soohyun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ahn, Hyeon Seon</creatorcontrib><title>Capsule, septum, and T2 hyperintense foci for differentiation between large hepatocellular carcinoma (≥5 cm) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma on gadoxetic acid MRI</title><title>European radiology</title><addtitle>Eur Radiol</addtitle><addtitle>Eur Radiol</addtitle><description>Objective
To determine the added value of capsule, septum, and T2 hyperintense foci for differentiating large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC; ≥ 5 cm) from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) using gadoxetic acid MRI.
Methods
The study included 116 patients (94 men, 22 women; mean age, 56.8 years) with surgically confirmed HCCs (n = 87, 5.0–18.0 cm) or ICCs (n = 29, 5.0–14.0 cm) who underwent gadoxetic acid MRI. Three observers independently reviewed MRIs in two sessions, examining enhancement patterns only and then adding capsule, septum, and T2 hyperintense foci. Reviewers used a five-point scale to score accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity.
Results
A significant increase was observed in accuracy when ancillary features (96.1–98.3%) were added compared to enhancement pattern only (83.6–88.4%;
p
≤ 0.02). Sensitivity was significantly increased with combined reading (97.1–98.3%) compared to enhancement features only (81.6–88.5%;
p
≤ 0.006) for two observers, with no difference in specificity (84.5–89.7% vs. 86.2–98.3%;
p
> 0.05). We found substantial to excellent interobserver agreement for ancillary features (0.598–0.976).
Conclusion
Adding capsule, septum, and T2 hyperintense foci to enhancement patterns for gadoxetic acid MRI increased diagnostic performance for characterizing large HCC by differentiating it from ICC.
Key Points
•
Capsule
,
septum
,
and T2 hyperintense foci were useful for characterizing large HCC
.
•
Adding ancillary features to enhancement pattern increased accuracy for diagnosing large HCC
.
•
Interobserver agreement was substantial to excellent for ancillary features
.</description><subject>Accuracy</subject><subject>Acids</subject><subject>Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic - pathology</subject><subject>Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - pathology</subject><subject>Cholangiocarcinoma</subject><subject>Cholangiocarcinoma - pathology</subject><subject>Contrast Media - pharmacology</subject><subject>Diagnostic Radiology</subject><subject>Diagnostic systems</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gadolinium DTPA - pharmacology</subject><subject>Hepatocellular carcinoma</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Imaging</subject><subject>Internal Medicine</subject><subject>Interventional Radiology</subject><subject>Liver - pathology</subject><subject>Liver cancer</subject><subject>Liver Neoplasms - pathology</subject><subject>Magnetic Resonance</subject><subject>Magnetic resonance imaging</subject><subject>Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Neoplasm Staging - methods</subject><subject>Neuroradiology</subject><subject>Observers</subject><subject>Radiology</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>Sensitivity</subject><subject>Septum</subject><subject>Ultrasound</subject><issn>0938-7994</issn><issn>1432-1084</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kd9qFDEUxoNY7Fp9AG8k4E2FjiaZJDNzKUvVQkWQeh3y58xuykwyJjPYPkIfpOBz-SRmu62KIIEEzvl930nyIfSCkjeUkOZtJqSuSUVoU_GWy4o_QivKa1ZR0vLHaEW6uq2aruOH6GnOl4SQjvLmCTpkrShSKVbox1pPeRngBGeY5mU8wTo4fMHw9nqC5MMMIQPuo_VlS9j5vocEYfZ69jFgA_N3gIAHnTaAtzDpOVoYhqUUsNXJ-hBHjY9_3twKbMfXd-7FNek71ltst3HQYePjH7r4brSLV7Dra-sd_vTl7Bk66PWQ4fn9eYS-vj-9WH-szj9_OFu_O68sr9u5qp1oDZXMicaAJMLxxkrR18w4XgpU9o2hLWjDZWN63TEDnDHDqOC0scLVR-h47zul-G2BPKvR592TdIC4ZEXbrqOsfGNd0Ff_oJdxSaHcTtGOlyWloIWie8qmmHOCXk3JjzpdK0rULka1j1GVGNUuRsWL5uW982JGcL8VD7kVgO2BXFphA-mv0f91_QVmgqrY</recordid><startdate>20171101</startdate><enddate>20171101</enddate><creator>Hwang, Jiyoung</creator><creator>Kim, Young Kon</creator><creator>Min, Ji Hye</creator><creator>Choi, Seo-Youn</creator><creator>Jeong, Woo Kyung</creator><creator>Hong, Seong Sook</creator><creator>Kim, Hyun-joo</creator><creator>Ahn, Soohyun</creator><creator>Ahn, Hyeon Seon</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20171101</creationdate><title>Capsule, septum, and T2 hyperintense foci for differentiation between large hepatocellular carcinoma (≥5 cm) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma on gadoxetic acid MRI</title><author>Hwang, Jiyoung ; Kim, Young Kon ; Min, Ji Hye ; Choi, Seo-Youn ; Jeong, Woo Kyung ; Hong, Seong Sook ; Kim, Hyun-joo ; Ahn, Soohyun ; Ahn, Hyeon Seon</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c438t-3d58b162d57be605d47c65f32bd4be616f7b18eab467bfa92be422b215417c5d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Accuracy</topic><topic>Acids</topic><topic>Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic - pathology</topic><topic>Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - pathology</topic><topic>Cholangiocarcinoma</topic><topic>Cholangiocarcinoma - pathology</topic><topic>Contrast Media - pharmacology</topic><topic>Diagnostic Radiology</topic><topic>Diagnostic systems</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gadolinium DTPA - pharmacology</topic><topic>Hepatocellular carcinoma</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Imaging</topic><topic>Internal Medicine</topic><topic>Interventional Radiology</topic><topic>Liver - pathology</topic><topic>Liver cancer</topic><topic>Liver Neoplasms - pathology</topic><topic>Magnetic Resonance</topic><topic>Magnetic resonance imaging</topic><topic>Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Neoplasm Staging - methods</topic><topic>Neuroradiology</topic><topic>Observers</topic><topic>Radiology</topic><topic>Retrospective Studies</topic><topic>Sensitivity</topic><topic>Septum</topic><topic>Ultrasound</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hwang, Jiyoung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Young Kon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Min, Ji Hye</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choi, Seo-Youn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jeong, Woo Kyung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hong, Seong Sook</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Hyun-joo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ahn, Soohyun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ahn, Hyeon Seon</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>European radiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hwang, Jiyoung</au><au>Kim, Young Kon</au><au>Min, Ji Hye</au><au>Choi, Seo-Youn</au><au>Jeong, Woo Kyung</au><au>Hong, Seong Sook</au><au>Kim, Hyun-joo</au><au>Ahn, Soohyun</au><au>Ahn, Hyeon Seon</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Capsule, septum, and T2 hyperintense foci for differentiation between large hepatocellular carcinoma (≥5 cm) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma on gadoxetic acid MRI</atitle><jtitle>European radiology</jtitle><stitle>Eur Radiol</stitle><addtitle>Eur Radiol</addtitle><date>2017-11-01</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>27</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>4581</spage><epage>4590</epage><pages>4581-4590</pages><issn>0938-7994</issn><eissn>1432-1084</eissn><abstract>Objective
To determine the added value of capsule, septum, and T2 hyperintense foci for differentiating large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC; ≥ 5 cm) from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) using gadoxetic acid MRI.
Methods
The study included 116 patients (94 men, 22 women; mean age, 56.8 years) with surgically confirmed HCCs (n = 87, 5.0–18.0 cm) or ICCs (n = 29, 5.0–14.0 cm) who underwent gadoxetic acid MRI. Three observers independently reviewed MRIs in two sessions, examining enhancement patterns only and then adding capsule, septum, and T2 hyperintense foci. Reviewers used a five-point scale to score accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity.
Results
A significant increase was observed in accuracy when ancillary features (96.1–98.3%) were added compared to enhancement pattern only (83.6–88.4%;
p
≤ 0.02). Sensitivity was significantly increased with combined reading (97.1–98.3%) compared to enhancement features only (81.6–88.5%;
p
≤ 0.006) for two observers, with no difference in specificity (84.5–89.7% vs. 86.2–98.3%;
p
> 0.05). We found substantial to excellent interobserver agreement for ancillary features (0.598–0.976).
Conclusion
Adding capsule, septum, and T2 hyperintense foci to enhancement patterns for gadoxetic acid MRI increased diagnostic performance for characterizing large HCC by differentiating it from ICC.
Key Points
•
Capsule
,
septum
,
and T2 hyperintense foci were useful for characterizing large HCC
.
•
Adding ancillary features to enhancement pattern increased accuracy for diagnosing large HCC
.
•
Interobserver agreement was substantial to excellent for ancillary features
.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>28500365</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00330-017-4846-4</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
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| ispartof | European radiology, 2017-11, Vol.27 (11), p.4581-4590 |
| issn | 0938-7994 1432-1084 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1899121473 |
| source | MEDLINE; SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Accuracy Acids Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic - pathology Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - pathology Cholangiocarcinoma Cholangiocarcinoma - pathology Contrast Media - pharmacology Diagnostic Radiology Diagnostic systems Female Gadolinium DTPA - pharmacology Hepatocellular carcinoma Humans Imaging Internal Medicine Interventional Radiology Liver - pathology Liver cancer Liver Neoplasms - pathology Magnetic Resonance Magnetic resonance imaging Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods Male Medicine Medicine & Public Health Middle Aged Neoplasm Staging - methods Neuroradiology Observers Radiology Retrospective Studies Sensitivity Septum Ultrasound |
| title | Capsule, septum, and T2 hyperintense foci for differentiation between large hepatocellular carcinoma (≥5 cm) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma on gadoxetic acid MRI |
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