Single-Stage Revision for Chronic Fungal Periprosthetic Joint Infection: An Average of 5 Years of Follow-Up

Abstract Background Periprosthetic infections caused by fungal pathogens are a rare entity, and there exist no definite guidelines according to which these infections can be successfully managed. In these situations, we wondered whether patients could be treated successfully for their fungal infections with single-stage revision. Methods A retrospective analysis between January 2004 and October 2014 included 11 patients (4 hips and 7 knees) with chronic fungal periprosthetic joint infection who underwent single-stage revision, including aggressive soft-tissue debridement, thorough removal of infected components and cement, pouring powdered vancomycin into the medullary cavity and direct intra-articular injection of fungus-sensitive antibiotics, and a reasonable combination of antifungal agents and antibacterial medications. Recurrence of infection and clinical outcomes were evaluated. The average follow-up was 5 years (range, 2-10 years). Results There were 3 failures during the study period; 1 patient died during the perioperative period because of acute heart failure on the eighth postoperative day. Of the 11 patients, 7 patients had satisfactory outcomes and required no additional surgical or medical treatment for recurrence of infection. The mean postoperative Harris hip score and Hospital for Special Surgery knee score was 77 points (67-88 points; P < .05) and 78 points (73-84 points; P < .05), respectively, at the most recent assessment. Conclusion Treatment of chronic fungal periprosthetic joint infection with single-stage revision can be fairly effective for achieving acceptable functional outcomes, which indicated that this may be a feasible alternative strategy in selected patients.