Immunotherapy revolutionises non-small-cell lung cancer therapy: Results, perspectives and new challenges

Abstract Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are antibodies that target key signalling pathways such as programmed death 1 (PD1)/programmed death-ligands 1 and 2 (PDL1 and PDL2) to improve anti-tumour immune responses. Until recently, nivolumab was the only ICI validated for advanced non-small-cell...

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Veröffentlicht in:European journal of cancer (1990) 2017-06, Vol.78, p.16-23
Hauptverfasser: Giroux Leprieur, Etienne, Dumenil, Coraline, Julie, Catherine, Giraud, Violaine, Dumoulin, Jennifer, Labrune, Sylvie, Chinet, Thierry
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container_title European journal of cancer (1990)
container_volume 78
creator Giroux Leprieur, Etienne
Dumenil, Coraline
Julie, Catherine
Giraud, Violaine
Dumoulin, Jennifer
Labrune, Sylvie
Chinet, Thierry
description Abstract Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are antibodies that target key signalling pathways such as programmed death 1 (PD1)/programmed death-ligands 1 and 2 (PDL1 and PDL2) to improve anti-tumour immune responses. Until recently, nivolumab was the only ICI validated for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a second-line treatment setting. Results from recent phase II and phase III randomised trials testing other ICIs have been presented. In Keynote-024, pembrolizumab, an anti-PD1 antibody, was reported to have great efficacy in the first-line treatment of PDL1 ≥ 50% tumours (30% of screened tumours), with a progression-free survival (PFS, median) of 10.4 months versus 6.0 months with chemotherapy (CT; hazard ratio [HR] = 0.50; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.37–0.68, P  
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.ejca.2016.12.041
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Until recently, nivolumab was the only ICI validated for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a second-line treatment setting. Results from recent phase II and phase III randomised trials testing other ICIs have been presented. In Keynote-024, pembrolizumab, an anti-PD1 antibody, was reported to have great efficacy in the first-line treatment of PDL1 ≥ 50% tumours (30% of screened tumours), with a progression-free survival (PFS, median) of 10.4 months versus 6.0 months with chemotherapy (CT; hazard ratio [HR] = 0.50; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.37–0.68, P  &lt; 0.001), overall response rate (ORR) of 45% versus 28% with CT ( P  = 0.0011), and a 1-year overall survival (OS) of around 70%. In contrast, Checkmate-026 reported that nivolumab failed to show any benefit compared with standard platinum-based CT, with a PFS (median) in the PDL1 ≥ 5% NSCLC group of 4.2 months (nivolumab) versus 5.9 months (CT; HR = 1.15: 95% CI 0.91–1.45, P  = 0.25). No benefit was observed in the PDL1 ≥ 50% subgroup. An encouraging report of the efficacy of pembrolizumab in addition to CT in first-line treatment in unselected NSCLC was also presented (Keynote-021) with an ORR of 55% versus 29% with CT alone ( P  = 0.0016). Atezolizumab, an anti-PDL1 antibody, showed efficacy for second-line treatment compared with docetaxel (OAK phase III study) with an OS (median) of 13.8 months versus 9.6 months with docetaxel. These results suggest a new paradigm for the treatment of advanced NSCLC using pembrolizumab for the first-line treatment of PDL1 ≥ 50% tumours.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0959-8049</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-0852</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2016.12.041</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28407528</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Antibodies ; Antibodies, Monoclonal - therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized - therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols - therapeutic use ; Apoptosis ; Atezolizumab ; B7-H1 Antigen - antagonists &amp; inhibitors ; Cancer ; Cancer therapies ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - therapy ; Chemotherapy ; Clinical trials ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Confidence intervals ; Effectiveness ; Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine ; Humans ; Immune checkpoint inhibitor ; Immune checkpoint inhibitors ; Immune response ; Immunotherapy ; Immunotherapy - methods ; Inhibitor drugs ; Ligands ; Lung cancer ; Lung Neoplasms - therapy ; Monoclonal antibodies ; Nivolumab ; Non-small cell lung carcinoma ; Non-small-cell lung cancer ; PD-1 protein ; PD1 ; PDL1 ; Pembrolizumab ; Platinum ; Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 Protein - antagonists &amp; inhibitors ; Signal transduction ; Subgroups ; Survival ; Targeted cancer therapy ; Taxoids - therapeutic use ; Tumors</subject><ispartof>European journal of cancer (1990), 2017-06, Vol.78, p.16-23</ispartof><rights>2017</rights><rights>Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier Science Ltd. Jun 2017</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c439t-1351027b1d9eb7b4895ed29d5976246c9ea9f2aeff9ea784091ca660f539e65f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c439t-1351027b1d9eb7b4895ed29d5976246c9ea9f2aeff9ea784091ca660f539e65f3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959804917308079$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28407528$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Giroux Leprieur, Etienne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dumenil, Coraline</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Julie, Catherine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Giraud, Violaine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dumoulin, Jennifer</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Labrune, Sylvie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chinet, Thierry</creatorcontrib><title>Immunotherapy revolutionises non-small-cell lung cancer therapy: Results, perspectives and new challenges</title><title>European journal of cancer (1990)</title><addtitle>Eur J Cancer</addtitle><description>Abstract Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are antibodies that target key signalling pathways such as programmed death 1 (PD1)/programmed death-ligands 1 and 2 (PDL1 and PDL2) to improve anti-tumour immune responses. Until recently, nivolumab was the only ICI validated for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a second-line treatment setting. Results from recent phase II and phase III randomised trials testing other ICIs have been presented. In Keynote-024, pembrolizumab, an anti-PD1 antibody, was reported to have great efficacy in the first-line treatment of PDL1 ≥ 50% tumours (30% of screened tumours), with a progression-free survival (PFS, median) of 10.4 months versus 6.0 months with chemotherapy (CT; hazard ratio [HR] = 0.50; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.37–0.68, P  &lt; 0.001), overall response rate (ORR) of 45% versus 28% with CT ( P  = 0.0011), and a 1-year overall survival (OS) of around 70%. In contrast, Checkmate-026 reported that nivolumab failed to show any benefit compared with standard platinum-based CT, with a PFS (median) in the PDL1 ≥ 5% NSCLC group of 4.2 months (nivolumab) versus 5.9 months (CT; HR = 1.15: 95% CI 0.91–1.45, P  = 0.25). No benefit was observed in the PDL1 ≥ 50% subgroup. An encouraging report of the efficacy of pembrolizumab in addition to CT in first-line treatment in unselected NSCLC was also presented (Keynote-021) with an ORR of 55% versus 29% with CT alone ( P  = 0.0016). Atezolizumab, an anti-PDL1 antibody, showed efficacy for second-line treatment compared with docetaxel (OAK phase III study) with an OS (median) of 13.8 months versus 9.6 months with docetaxel. 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subjects Antibodies
Antibodies, Monoclonal - therapeutic use
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized - therapeutic use
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols - therapeutic use
Apoptosis
Atezolizumab
B7-H1 Antigen - antagonists & inhibitors
Cancer
Cancer therapies
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - therapy
Chemotherapy
Clinical trials
Clinical Trials as Topic
Confidence intervals
Effectiveness
Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine
Humans
Immune checkpoint inhibitor
Immune checkpoint inhibitors
Immune response
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy - methods
Inhibitor drugs
Ligands
Lung cancer
Lung Neoplasms - therapy
Monoclonal antibodies
Nivolumab
Non-small cell lung carcinoma
Non-small-cell lung cancer
PD-1 protein
PD1
PDL1
Pembrolizumab
Platinum
Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 Protein - antagonists & inhibitors
Signal transduction
Subgroups
Survival
Targeted cancer therapy
Taxoids - therapeutic use
Tumors
title Immunotherapy revolutionises non-small-cell lung cancer therapy: Results, perspectives and new challenges
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