Novel dental adhesive with triple benefits of calcium phosphate recharge, protein-repellent and antibacterial functions
Abstract Objective A new adhesive containing nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) with calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) ion rechargeability was recently developed; however, it was not antibacterial. The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop a novel adhesive with triple benefits...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Dental materials 2017-05, Vol.33 (5), p.553-563 |
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| creator | Xie, Xianju Wang, Lin Xing, Dan Zhang, Ke Weir, Michael D Liu, Huaibing Bai, Yuxing Xu, Hockin H.K |
| description | Abstract Objective A new adhesive containing nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) with calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) ion rechargeability was recently developed; however, it was not antibacterial. The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop a novel adhesive with triple benefits of Ca and P ion recharge, protein-repellent and antibacterial functions via dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC); and (2) investigate dentin bond strength, protein adsorption, Ca and P ion concentration, microcosm biofilm response and pH properties. Methods MPC, DMAHDM and NACP were mixed into a resin consisting of ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate (EBPADMA), pyromellitic glycerol dimethacrylate (PMGDM), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and bisphenol A glycidyl dimethacrylate (BisGMA). Protein adsorption was measured using a micro bicinchoninic acid method. A human saliva microcosm biofilm model was tested on resins. Colony-forming units (CFU), live/dead assay, metabolic activity, Ca and P ion concentration and biofilm culture medium pH were determined. Results The adhesive with 5% MPC + 5% DMAHDM + 30% NACP inhibited biofilm growth, reducing biofilm CFU by 4 log, compared to control (p < 0.05). Dentin shear bond strengths were similar (p > 0.1). Biofilm medium became a Ca and P ion reservoir having ion concentration increasing with NACP filler level. The adhesive with 5% MPC + 5% DMAHDM + 30% NACP maintained a safe pH > 6, while commercial adhesive had a cariogenic pH of 4. Significance The new adhesive with triple benefits of Ca and P ion recharge, protein-repellent and antibacterial functions substantially reduced biofilm growth, reducing biofilm CFU by 4 orders of magnitude, and yielding a much higher pH than commercial adhesive. This novel adhesive is promising to protect tooth structures from biofilm acids. The method of using NACP, MPC and DMAHDM is promising for application to other dental materials to combat caries. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.dental.2017.03.002 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1882501641</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><els_id>1_s2_0_S0109564116307424</els_id><sourcerecordid>1882501641</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c445t-be834f5452bc9fa0d6dfc564d81b879e5402d8768619c79ce7f4049f13d907e13</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFUk1v1DAUjBCIbgv_ACFLXDiQ5dlxPnxBqiooSBUcgLPl2M_ES9YJtrNV_z2OUkDqhYPly7yZNzOvKF5Q2FOgzdvD3qBPatwzoO0eqj0Ae1TsaNeKEkC0j4sdUBBl3XB6VpzHeAAAzgR9WpyxrqobRptdcft5OuFINiqizIDRnZDcujSQFNw8IunRo3UpkskSrUbtliOZhynOg0pIAupBhR_4hsxhSuh8GXDGccyERHmTX3K90gmDywJ28Tq5ycdnxROrxojP7_-L4vuH99-uPpY3X64_XV3elJrzOpU9dhW3Na9Zr4VVYBpjdXZkOtpno1hzYKZrm66hQrdCY2s5cGFpZQS0SKuL4vXGm7f7tWBM8uiizvspj9MSJe06Vuc4-Qp99QB6mJbg83aSiopRwVjVZRTfUDpMMQa0cg7uqMKdpCDXYuRBbmnKtRgJlczF5LGX9-RLf0Tzd-hPExnwbgNgTuPkMMioHXqNxuWIkzST-5_CQwI9Ou9yYz_xDuM_LzIyCfLrehzrbWRtaDnj1W9Ivbab</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1932192238</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Novel dental adhesive with triple benefits of calcium phosphate recharge, protein-repellent and antibacterial functions</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals</source><creator>Xie, Xianju ; Wang, Lin ; Xing, Dan ; Zhang, Ke ; Weir, Michael D ; Liu, Huaibing ; Bai, Yuxing ; Xu, Hockin H.K</creator><creatorcontrib>Xie, Xianju ; Wang, Lin ; Xing, Dan ; Zhang, Ke ; Weir, Michael D ; Liu, Huaibing ; Bai, Yuxing ; Xu, Hockin H.K</creatorcontrib><description>Abstract Objective A new adhesive containing nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) with calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) ion rechargeability was recently developed; however, it was not antibacterial. The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop a novel adhesive with triple benefits of Ca and P ion recharge, protein-repellent and antibacterial functions via dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC); and (2) investigate dentin bond strength, protein adsorption, Ca and P ion concentration, microcosm biofilm response and pH properties. Methods MPC, DMAHDM and NACP were mixed into a resin consisting of ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate (EBPADMA), pyromellitic glycerol dimethacrylate (PMGDM), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and bisphenol A glycidyl dimethacrylate (BisGMA). Protein adsorption was measured using a micro bicinchoninic acid method. A human saliva microcosm biofilm model was tested on resins. Colony-forming units (CFU), live/dead assay, metabolic activity, Ca and P ion concentration and biofilm culture medium pH were determined. Results The adhesive with 5% MPC + 5% DMAHDM + 30% NACP inhibited biofilm growth, reducing biofilm CFU by 4 log, compared to control (p < 0.05). Dentin shear bond strengths were similar (p > 0.1). Biofilm medium became a Ca and P ion reservoir having ion concentration increasing with NACP filler level. The adhesive with 5% MPC + 5% DMAHDM + 30% NACP maintained a safe pH > 6, while commercial adhesive had a cariogenic pH of 4. Significance The new adhesive with triple benefits of Ca and P ion recharge, protein-repellent and antibacterial functions substantially reduced biofilm growth, reducing biofilm CFU by 4 orders of magnitude, and yielding a much higher pH than commercial adhesive. This novel adhesive is promising to protect tooth structures from biofilm acids. The method of using NACP, MPC and DMAHDM is promising for application to other dental materials to combat caries.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0109-5641</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-0097</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.03.002</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28356216</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Acids ; Adhesive bonding ; Adsorption ; Advanced Basic Science ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antibacterial ; Antiinfectives and antibacterials ; Biofilms ; Bisphenol A ; Bisphenol A glycidyl methacrylate ; Bond strength ; Bonding strength ; Calcium ; Calcium phosphate nanoparticles ; Calcium Phosphates ; Caries inhibition ; Colony-forming cells ; Dental adhesive ; Dental caries ; Dental Cements ; Dental equipment ; Dental materials ; Dental restorative materials ; Dentin ; Dentistry ; Glycerol ; Human saliva microcosm biofilm ; Humans ; Hydrogen ions ; Ion concentration ; Methacrylates ; Methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine ; Nanoparticles ; pH effects ; Phenols ; Phosphates ; Phosphorylcholine ; Phosphorylcholine - analogs & derivatives ; Polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate ; Protein adsorption ; Protein repellent ; Recharge ; Resins ; Saliva ; Teeth</subject><ispartof>Dental materials, 2017-05, Vol.33 (5), p.553-563</ispartof><rights>The Academy of Dental Materials</rights><rights>2017 The Academy of Dental Materials</rights><rights>Copyright © 2017 The Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier BV May 2017</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c445t-be834f5452bc9fa0d6dfc564d81b879e5402d8768619c79ce7f4049f13d907e13</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c445t-be834f5452bc9fa0d6dfc564d81b879e5402d8768619c79ce7f4049f13d907e13</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0109564116307424$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28356216$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Xie, Xianju</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Lin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xing, Dan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Ke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Weir, Michael D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Huaibing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bai, Yuxing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Hockin H.K</creatorcontrib><title>Novel dental adhesive with triple benefits of calcium phosphate recharge, protein-repellent and antibacterial functions</title><title>Dental materials</title><addtitle>Dent Mater</addtitle><description>Abstract Objective A new adhesive containing nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) with calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) ion rechargeability was recently developed; however, it was not antibacterial. The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop a novel adhesive with triple benefits of Ca and P ion recharge, protein-repellent and antibacterial functions via dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC); and (2) investigate dentin bond strength, protein adsorption, Ca and P ion concentration, microcosm biofilm response and pH properties. Methods MPC, DMAHDM and NACP were mixed into a resin consisting of ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate (EBPADMA), pyromellitic glycerol dimethacrylate (PMGDM), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and bisphenol A glycidyl dimethacrylate (BisGMA). Protein adsorption was measured using a micro bicinchoninic acid method. A human saliva microcosm biofilm model was tested on resins. Colony-forming units (CFU), live/dead assay, metabolic activity, Ca and P ion concentration and biofilm culture medium pH were determined. Results The adhesive with 5% MPC + 5% DMAHDM + 30% NACP inhibited biofilm growth, reducing biofilm CFU by 4 log, compared to control (p < 0.05). Dentin shear bond strengths were similar (p > 0.1). Biofilm medium became a Ca and P ion reservoir having ion concentration increasing with NACP filler level. The adhesive with 5% MPC + 5% DMAHDM + 30% NACP maintained a safe pH > 6, while commercial adhesive had a cariogenic pH of 4. Significance The new adhesive with triple benefits of Ca and P ion recharge, protein-repellent and antibacterial functions substantially reduced biofilm growth, reducing biofilm CFU by 4 orders of magnitude, and yielding a much higher pH than commercial adhesive. This novel adhesive is promising to protect tooth structures from biofilm acids. The method of using NACP, MPC and DMAHDM is promising for application to other dental materials to combat caries.</description><subject>Acids</subject><subject>Adhesive bonding</subject><subject>Adsorption</subject><subject>Advanced Basic Science</subject><subject>Anti-Bacterial Agents</subject><subject>Antibacterial</subject><subject>Antiinfectives and antibacterials</subject><subject>Biofilms</subject><subject>Bisphenol A</subject><subject>Bisphenol A glycidyl methacrylate</subject><subject>Bond strength</subject><subject>Bonding strength</subject><subject>Calcium</subject><subject>Calcium phosphate nanoparticles</subject><subject>Calcium Phosphates</subject><subject>Caries inhibition</subject><subject>Colony-forming cells</subject><subject>Dental adhesive</subject><subject>Dental caries</subject><subject>Dental Cements</subject><subject>Dental equipment</subject><subject>Dental materials</subject><subject>Dental restorative materials</subject><subject>Dentin</subject><subject>Dentistry</subject><subject>Glycerol</subject><subject>Human saliva microcosm biofilm</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hydrogen ions</subject><subject>Ion concentration</subject><subject>Methacrylates</subject><subject>Methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine</subject><subject>Nanoparticles</subject><subject>pH effects</subject><subject>Phenols</subject><subject>Phosphates</subject><subject>Phosphorylcholine</subject><subject>Phosphorylcholine - analogs & derivatives</subject><subject>Polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate</subject><subject>Protein adsorption</subject><subject>Protein repellent</subject><subject>Recharge</subject><subject>Resins</subject><subject>Saliva</subject><subject>Teeth</subject><issn>0109-5641</issn><issn>1879-0097</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFUk1v1DAUjBCIbgv_ACFLXDiQ5dlxPnxBqiooSBUcgLPl2M_ES9YJtrNV_z2OUkDqhYPly7yZNzOvKF5Q2FOgzdvD3qBPatwzoO0eqj0Ae1TsaNeKEkC0j4sdUBBl3XB6VpzHeAAAzgR9WpyxrqobRptdcft5OuFINiqizIDRnZDcujSQFNw8IunRo3UpkskSrUbtliOZhynOg0pIAupBhR_4hsxhSuh8GXDGccyERHmTX3K90gmDywJ28Tq5ycdnxROrxojP7_-L4vuH99-uPpY3X64_XV3elJrzOpU9dhW3Na9Zr4VVYBpjdXZkOtpno1hzYKZrm66hQrdCY2s5cGFpZQS0SKuL4vXGm7f7tWBM8uiizvspj9MSJe06Vuc4-Qp99QB6mJbg83aSiopRwVjVZRTfUDpMMQa0cg7uqMKdpCDXYuRBbmnKtRgJlczF5LGX9-RLf0Tzd-hPExnwbgNgTuPkMMioHXqNxuWIkzST-5_CQwI9Ou9yYz_xDuM_LzIyCfLrehzrbWRtaDnj1W9Ivbab</recordid><startdate>20170501</startdate><enddate>20170501</enddate><creator>Xie, Xianju</creator><creator>Wang, Lin</creator><creator>Xing, Dan</creator><creator>Zhang, Ke</creator><creator>Weir, Michael D</creator><creator>Liu, Huaibing</creator><creator>Bai, Yuxing</creator><creator>Xu, Hockin H.K</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier BV</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QF</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QQ</scope><scope>7SC</scope><scope>7SE</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7TA</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H8G</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>JQ2</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>L~C</scope><scope>L~D</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20170501</creationdate><title>Novel dental adhesive with triple benefits of calcium phosphate recharge, protein-repellent and antibacterial functions</title><author>Xie, Xianju ; Wang, Lin ; Xing, Dan ; Zhang, Ke ; Weir, Michael D ; Liu, Huaibing ; Bai, Yuxing ; Xu, Hockin H.K</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c445t-be834f5452bc9fa0d6dfc564d81b879e5402d8768619c79ce7f4049f13d907e13</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Acids</topic><topic>Adhesive bonding</topic><topic>Adsorption</topic><topic>Advanced Basic Science</topic><topic>Anti-Bacterial Agents</topic><topic>Antibacterial</topic><topic>Antiinfectives and antibacterials</topic><topic>Biofilms</topic><topic>Bisphenol A</topic><topic>Bisphenol A glycidyl methacrylate</topic><topic>Bond strength</topic><topic>Bonding strength</topic><topic>Calcium</topic><topic>Calcium phosphate nanoparticles</topic><topic>Calcium Phosphates</topic><topic>Caries inhibition</topic><topic>Colony-forming cells</topic><topic>Dental adhesive</topic><topic>Dental caries</topic><topic>Dental Cements</topic><topic>Dental equipment</topic><topic>Dental materials</topic><topic>Dental restorative materials</topic><topic>Dentin</topic><topic>Dentistry</topic><topic>Glycerol</topic><topic>Human saliva microcosm biofilm</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hydrogen ions</topic><topic>Ion concentration</topic><topic>Methacrylates</topic><topic>Methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine</topic><topic>Nanoparticles</topic><topic>pH effects</topic><topic>Phenols</topic><topic>Phosphates</topic><topic>Phosphorylcholine</topic><topic>Phosphorylcholine - analogs & derivatives</topic><topic>Polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate</topic><topic>Protein adsorption</topic><topic>Protein repellent</topic><topic>Recharge</topic><topic>Resins</topic><topic>Saliva</topic><topic>Teeth</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Xie, Xianju</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Lin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xing, Dan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Ke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Weir, Michael D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Huaibing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bai, Yuxing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Hockin H.K</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aluminium Industry Abstracts</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Ceramic Abstracts</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts</collection><collection>Corrosion Abstracts</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Materials Business File</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Copper Technical Reference Library</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Computer Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Academic</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Dental materials</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Xie, Xianju</au><au>Wang, Lin</au><au>Xing, Dan</au><au>Zhang, Ke</au><au>Weir, Michael D</au><au>Liu, Huaibing</au><au>Bai, Yuxing</au><au>Xu, Hockin H.K</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Novel dental adhesive with triple benefits of calcium phosphate recharge, protein-repellent and antibacterial functions</atitle><jtitle>Dental materials</jtitle><addtitle>Dent Mater</addtitle><date>2017-05-01</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>33</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>553</spage><epage>563</epage><pages>553-563</pages><issn>0109-5641</issn><eissn>1879-0097</eissn><abstract>Abstract Objective A new adhesive containing nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) with calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) ion rechargeability was recently developed; however, it was not antibacterial. The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop a novel adhesive with triple benefits of Ca and P ion recharge, protein-repellent and antibacterial functions via dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC); and (2) investigate dentin bond strength, protein adsorption, Ca and P ion concentration, microcosm biofilm response and pH properties. Methods MPC, DMAHDM and NACP were mixed into a resin consisting of ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate (EBPADMA), pyromellitic glycerol dimethacrylate (PMGDM), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and bisphenol A glycidyl dimethacrylate (BisGMA). Protein adsorption was measured using a micro bicinchoninic acid method. A human saliva microcosm biofilm model was tested on resins. Colony-forming units (CFU), live/dead assay, metabolic activity, Ca and P ion concentration and biofilm culture medium pH were determined. Results The adhesive with 5% MPC + 5% DMAHDM + 30% NACP inhibited biofilm growth, reducing biofilm CFU by 4 log, compared to control (p < 0.05). Dentin shear bond strengths were similar (p > 0.1). Biofilm medium became a Ca and P ion reservoir having ion concentration increasing with NACP filler level. The adhesive with 5% MPC + 5% DMAHDM + 30% NACP maintained a safe pH > 6, while commercial adhesive had a cariogenic pH of 4. Significance The new adhesive with triple benefits of Ca and P ion recharge, protein-repellent and antibacterial functions substantially reduced biofilm growth, reducing biofilm CFU by 4 orders of magnitude, and yielding a much higher pH than commercial adhesive. This novel adhesive is promising to protect tooth structures from biofilm acids. The method of using NACP, MPC and DMAHDM is promising for application to other dental materials to combat caries.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>28356216</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.dental.2017.03.002</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Acids Adhesive bonding Adsorption Advanced Basic Science Anti-Bacterial Agents Antibacterial Antiinfectives and antibacterials Biofilms Bisphenol A Bisphenol A glycidyl methacrylate Bond strength Bonding strength Calcium Calcium phosphate nanoparticles Calcium Phosphates Caries inhibition Colony-forming cells Dental adhesive Dental caries Dental Cements Dental equipment Dental materials Dental restorative materials Dentin Dentistry Glycerol Human saliva microcosm biofilm Humans Hydrogen ions Ion concentration Methacrylates Methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine Nanoparticles pH effects Phenols Phosphates Phosphorylcholine Phosphorylcholine - analogs & derivatives Polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate Protein adsorption Protein repellent Recharge Resins Saliva Teeth |
| title | Novel dental adhesive with triple benefits of calcium phosphate recharge, protein-repellent and antibacterial functions |
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