Human lung fibroblast-derived matrix facilitates vascular morphogenesis in 3D environment and enhances skin wound healing
[Display omitted] Extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucial to many aspects of vascular morphogenesis and maintenance of vasculature function. Currently the recapitulation of angiogenic ECM microenvironment is still challenging, due mainly to its diverse components and complex organization. Here we inve...
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| creator | Du, Ping Suhaeri, Muhammad Ha, Sang Su Oh, Seung Ja Kim, Sang-Heon Park, Kwideok |
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Extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucial to many aspects of vascular morphogenesis and maintenance of vasculature function. Currently the recapitulation of angiogenic ECM microenvironment is still challenging, due mainly to its diverse components and complex organization. Here we investigate the angiogenic potential of human lung fibroblast-derived matrix (hFDM) in creating a three-dimensional (3D) vascular construct. hFDM was obtained via decellularization of in vitro cultured human lung fibroblasts and analyzed via immunofluorescence staining and ELISA, which detect multiple ECM macromolecules and angiogenic growth factors (GFs). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) morphology was more elongated and better proliferative on hFDM than on gelatin-coated substrate. To prepare 3D construct, hFDM is collected, quantitatively analyzed, and incorporated in collagen hydrogel (Col) with HUVECs. Capillary-like structure (CLS) formation at 7day was significantly better with the groups containing higher doses of hFDM compared to the Col group (control). Moreover, the group (Col/hFDM/GFs) with both hFDM and angiogenic GFs (VEGF, bFGF, SDF-1) showed the synergistic activity on CLS formation and found much larger capillary lumen diameters with time. Further analysis of hFDM via angiogenesis antibody array kit reveals abundant biochemical cues, such as angiogenesis-related cytokines, GFs, and proteolytic enzymes. Significantly up-regulated expression of VE-cadherin and ECM-specific integrin subunits was also noticed in Col/hFDM/GFs. In addition, transplantation of Col/hFMD/GFs with HUVECs in skin wound model presents more effective re-epithelialization, many regenerated hair follicles, better transplanted cells viability, and advanced neovascularization. We believe that current system is a very promising platform for 3D vasculature construction in vitro and for cell delivery toward therapeutic applications in vivo.
Functional 3D vasculature construction in vitro is still challenging due to the difficulty of recapitulating the complex angiogenic extracellular matrix (ECM) environment. Herein, we present a simple and practical method to create an angiogenic 3D environment via incorporation of human lung fibroblast-derived matrix (hFDM) into collagen hydrogel. We found that hFDM offers a significantly improved angiogenic microenvironment for HUVECs on 2D substrates and in 3D construct. A synergistic effect of hFDM and angiogenic growth factors has |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.03.035 |
| format | Article |
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Extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucial to many aspects of vascular morphogenesis and maintenance of vasculature function. Currently the recapitulation of angiogenic ECM microenvironment is still challenging, due mainly to its diverse components and complex organization. Here we investigate the angiogenic potential of human lung fibroblast-derived matrix (hFDM) in creating a three-dimensional (3D) vascular construct. hFDM was obtained via decellularization of in vitro cultured human lung fibroblasts and analyzed via immunofluorescence staining and ELISA, which detect multiple ECM macromolecules and angiogenic growth factors (GFs). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) morphology was more elongated and better proliferative on hFDM than on gelatin-coated substrate. To prepare 3D construct, hFDM is collected, quantitatively analyzed, and incorporated in collagen hydrogel (Col) with HUVECs. Capillary-like structure (CLS) formation at 7day was significantly better with the groups containing higher doses of hFDM compared to the Col group (control). Moreover, the group (Col/hFDM/GFs) with both hFDM and angiogenic GFs (VEGF, bFGF, SDF-1) showed the synergistic activity on CLS formation and found much larger capillary lumen diameters with time. Further analysis of hFDM via angiogenesis antibody array kit reveals abundant biochemical cues, such as angiogenesis-related cytokines, GFs, and proteolytic enzymes. Significantly up-regulated expression of VE-cadherin and ECM-specific integrin subunits was also noticed in Col/hFDM/GFs. In addition, transplantation of Col/hFMD/GFs with HUVECs in skin wound model presents more effective re-epithelialization, many regenerated hair follicles, better transplanted cells viability, and advanced neovascularization. We believe that current system is a very promising platform for 3D vasculature construction in vitro and for cell delivery toward therapeutic applications in vivo.
Functional 3D vasculature construction in vitro is still challenging due to the difficulty of recapitulating the complex angiogenic extracellular matrix (ECM) environment. Herein, we present a simple and practical method to create an angiogenic 3D environment via incorporation of human lung fibroblast-derived matrix (hFDM) into collagen hydrogel. We found that hFDM offers a significantly improved angiogenic microenvironment for HUVECs on 2D substrates and in 3D construct. A synergistic effect of hFDM and angiogenic growth factors has been well confirmed in 3D condition. The prevascularized 3D collagen constructs also facilitate skin wound healing. We believe that current system should be a convenient and powerful platform in engineering 3D vasculature in vitro, and in delivering cells for therapeutic purposes in vivo.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1742-7061</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1878-7568</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.03.035</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28351680</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Angiogenesis ; Animals ; Cadherins ; Collagen ; Collagen hydrogel ; Construction ; Cues ; Cytokines ; Elongation ; Endothelial cells ; Engineering ; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ; Enzymes ; Extracellular matrix ; Extracellular Matrix - chemistry ; Fibroblast growth factor 2 ; Fibroblasts ; Fibroblasts - chemistry ; Follicles ; Gelatin ; Growth factors ; Hair ; Human lung fibroblast-derived matrix (hFDM) ; Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) Vascular morphogenesis ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells - metabolism ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells - pathology ; Humans ; Hydrogels ; Immunofluorescence ; In vitro methods and tests ; Lung - chemistry ; Lungs ; Macromolecules ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Morphogenesis ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Proteolysis ; Proteolytic enzymes ; SDF-1 protein ; Skin ; Skin - injuries ; Skin - metabolism ; Skin - pathology ; Skin wound healing ; Staining ; Substrates ; Synergistic effect ; Therapeutic applications ; Transplantation ; Vascular endothelial growth factor ; Viability ; Wound Healing</subject><ispartof>Acta biomaterialia, 2017-05, Vol.54, p.333-344</ispartof><rights>2017 Acta Materialia Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2017 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier BV May 2017</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c427t-bbed5b0cf32f2747e09e9ba710868e414e5a6d767eacea5c69c4bbe3a6d359ce3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c427t-bbed5b0cf32f2747e09e9ba710868e414e5a6d767eacea5c69c4bbe3a6d359ce3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-8519-8316</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2017.03.035$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28351680$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Du, Ping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Suhaeri, Muhammad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ha, Sang Su</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oh, Seung Ja</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Sang-Heon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Park, Kwideok</creatorcontrib><title>Human lung fibroblast-derived matrix facilitates vascular morphogenesis in 3D environment and enhances skin wound healing</title><title>Acta biomaterialia</title><addtitle>Acta Biomater</addtitle><description>[Display omitted]
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucial to many aspects of vascular morphogenesis and maintenance of vasculature function. Currently the recapitulation of angiogenic ECM microenvironment is still challenging, due mainly to its diverse components and complex organization. Here we investigate the angiogenic potential of human lung fibroblast-derived matrix (hFDM) in creating a three-dimensional (3D) vascular construct. hFDM was obtained via decellularization of in vitro cultured human lung fibroblasts and analyzed via immunofluorescence staining and ELISA, which detect multiple ECM macromolecules and angiogenic growth factors (GFs). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) morphology was more elongated and better proliferative on hFDM than on gelatin-coated substrate. To prepare 3D construct, hFDM is collected, quantitatively analyzed, and incorporated in collagen hydrogel (Col) with HUVECs. Capillary-like structure (CLS) formation at 7day was significantly better with the groups containing higher doses of hFDM compared to the Col group (control). Moreover, the group (Col/hFDM/GFs) with both hFDM and angiogenic GFs (VEGF, bFGF, SDF-1) showed the synergistic activity on CLS formation and found much larger capillary lumen diameters with time. Further analysis of hFDM via angiogenesis antibody array kit reveals abundant biochemical cues, such as angiogenesis-related cytokines, GFs, and proteolytic enzymes. Significantly up-regulated expression of VE-cadherin and ECM-specific integrin subunits was also noticed in Col/hFDM/GFs. In addition, transplantation of Col/hFMD/GFs with HUVECs in skin wound model presents more effective re-epithelialization, many regenerated hair follicles, better transplanted cells viability, and advanced neovascularization. We believe that current system is a very promising platform for 3D vasculature construction in vitro and for cell delivery toward therapeutic applications in vivo.
Functional 3D vasculature construction in vitro is still challenging due to the difficulty of recapitulating the complex angiogenic extracellular matrix (ECM) environment. Herein, we present a simple and practical method to create an angiogenic 3D environment via incorporation of human lung fibroblast-derived matrix (hFDM) into collagen hydrogel. We found that hFDM offers a significantly improved angiogenic microenvironment for HUVECs on 2D substrates and in 3D construct. A synergistic effect of hFDM and angiogenic growth factors has been well confirmed in 3D condition. The prevascularized 3D collagen constructs also facilitate skin wound healing. We believe that current system should be a convenient and powerful platform in engineering 3D vasculature in vitro, and in delivering cells for therapeutic purposes in vivo.</description><subject>Angiogenesis</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Cadherins</subject><subject>Collagen</subject><subject>Collagen hydrogel</subject><subject>Construction</subject><subject>Cues</subject><subject>Cytokines</subject><subject>Elongation</subject><subject>Endothelial cells</subject><subject>Engineering</subject><subject>Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay</subject><subject>Enzymes</subject><subject>Extracellular matrix</subject><subject>Extracellular Matrix - chemistry</subject><subject>Fibroblast growth factor 2</subject><subject>Fibroblasts</subject><subject>Fibroblasts - chemistry</subject><subject>Follicles</subject><subject>Gelatin</subject><subject>Growth factors</subject><subject>Hair</subject><subject>Human lung fibroblast-derived matrix (hFDM)</subject><subject>Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) Vascular morphogenesis</subject><subject>Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells - metabolism</subject><subject>Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells - pathology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hydrogels</subject><subject>Immunofluorescence</subject><subject>In vitro methods and tests</subject><subject>Lung - chemistry</subject><subject>Lungs</subject><subject>Macromolecules</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Mice, Inbred BALB C</subject><subject>Mice, Nude</subject><subject>Morphogenesis</subject><subject>Neovascularization, Physiologic</subject><subject>Proteolysis</subject><subject>Proteolytic enzymes</subject><subject>SDF-1 protein</subject><subject>Skin</subject><subject>Skin - injuries</subject><subject>Skin - metabolism</subject><subject>Skin - pathology</subject><subject>Skin wound healing</subject><subject>Staining</subject><subject>Substrates</subject><subject>Synergistic effect</subject><subject>Therapeutic applications</subject><subject>Transplantation</subject><subject>Vascular endothelial growth factor</subject><subject>Viability</subject><subject>Wound Healing</subject><issn>1742-7061</issn><issn>1878-7568</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kU2LFDEQhoMo7rr6D0QCXrz0mO-kL4LsqisseNFzSKerZzJ2J2OSHt1_b4ZZPXgQCqpSPG9VqBehl5RsKKHq7X7jfB1C2jBC9YbwFvIRuqRGm05LZR63WgvWaaLoBXpWyp4QbigzT9EFM1xSZcglur9dFxfxvMYtnsKQ0zC7UrsRcjjCiBdXc_iFJ-fDHKqrUPDRFb_OLuMl5cMubSFCCQWHiPkNhngMOcUFYsUuju29c9E3VfnegJ9pbb0duDnE7XP0ZHJzgRcP-Qp9-_jh6_Vtd_fl0-fr93edF0zXbhhglAPxE2cT00ID6aEfnKbEKAOCCpBOjVppcB6c9Kr3oml4a3LZe-BX6M157iGnHyuUapdQPMyzi5DWYqkxjBgiGG_o63_QfVpzbL-ztKeKCm6kbJQ4Uz6nUjJM9pDD4vK9pcSerLF7e7bGnqyxhLc4yV49DF-HBca_oj9eNODdGYB2jWOAbIsP0K43hgy-2jGF_2_4DTZcpAI</recordid><startdate>20170501</startdate><enddate>20170501</enddate><creator>Du, Ping</creator><creator>Suhaeri, Muhammad</creator><creator>Ha, Sang Su</creator><creator>Oh, Seung Ja</creator><creator>Kim, Sang-Heon</creator><creator>Park, Kwideok</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier BV</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QF</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7QQ</scope><scope>7SC</scope><scope>7SE</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TA</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H8G</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>JQ2</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>L~C</scope><scope>L~D</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8519-8316</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20170501</creationdate><title>Human lung fibroblast-derived matrix facilitates vascular morphogenesis in 3D environment and enhances skin wound healing</title><author>Du, Ping ; Suhaeri, Muhammad ; Ha, Sang Su ; Oh, Seung Ja ; Kim, Sang-Heon ; Park, Kwideok</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c427t-bbed5b0cf32f2747e09e9ba710868e414e5a6d767eacea5c69c4bbe3a6d359ce3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Angiogenesis</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Cadherins</topic><topic>Collagen</topic><topic>Collagen hydrogel</topic><topic>Construction</topic><topic>Cues</topic><topic>Cytokines</topic><topic>Elongation</topic><topic>Endothelial cells</topic><topic>Engineering</topic><topic>Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay</topic><topic>Enzymes</topic><topic>Extracellular matrix</topic><topic>Extracellular Matrix - chemistry</topic><topic>Fibroblast growth factor 2</topic><topic>Fibroblasts</topic><topic>Fibroblasts - chemistry</topic><topic>Follicles</topic><topic>Gelatin</topic><topic>Growth factors</topic><topic>Hair</topic><topic>Human lung fibroblast-derived matrix (hFDM)</topic><topic>Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) Vascular morphogenesis</topic><topic>Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells - metabolism</topic><topic>Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells - pathology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hydrogels</topic><topic>Immunofluorescence</topic><topic>In vitro methods and tests</topic><topic>Lung - chemistry</topic><topic>Lungs</topic><topic>Macromolecules</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>Mice, Inbred BALB C</topic><topic>Mice, Nude</topic><topic>Morphogenesis</topic><topic>Neovascularization, Physiologic</topic><topic>Proteolysis</topic><topic>Proteolytic enzymes</topic><topic>SDF-1 protein</topic><topic>Skin</topic><topic>Skin - injuries</topic><topic>Skin - metabolism</topic><topic>Skin - pathology</topic><topic>Skin wound healing</topic><topic>Staining</topic><topic>Substrates</topic><topic>Synergistic effect</topic><topic>Therapeutic applications</topic><topic>Transplantation</topic><topic>Vascular endothelial growth factor</topic><topic>Viability</topic><topic>Wound Healing</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Du, Ping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Suhaeri, Muhammad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ha, Sang Su</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oh, Seung Ja</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Sang-Heon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Park, Kwideok</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aluminium Industry Abstracts</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Ceramic Abstracts</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts</collection><collection>Corrosion Abstracts</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Materials Business File</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Copper Technical Reference Library</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Computer Science Collection</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Academic</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Acta biomaterialia</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Du, Ping</au><au>Suhaeri, Muhammad</au><au>Ha, Sang Su</au><au>Oh, Seung Ja</au><au>Kim, Sang-Heon</au><au>Park, Kwideok</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Human lung fibroblast-derived matrix facilitates vascular morphogenesis in 3D environment and enhances skin wound healing</atitle><jtitle>Acta biomaterialia</jtitle><addtitle>Acta Biomater</addtitle><date>2017-05-01</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>54</volume><spage>333</spage><epage>344</epage><pages>333-344</pages><issn>1742-7061</issn><eissn>1878-7568</eissn><abstract>[Display omitted]
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucial to many aspects of vascular morphogenesis and maintenance of vasculature function. Currently the recapitulation of angiogenic ECM microenvironment is still challenging, due mainly to its diverse components and complex organization. Here we investigate the angiogenic potential of human lung fibroblast-derived matrix (hFDM) in creating a three-dimensional (3D) vascular construct. hFDM was obtained via decellularization of in vitro cultured human lung fibroblasts and analyzed via immunofluorescence staining and ELISA, which detect multiple ECM macromolecules and angiogenic growth factors (GFs). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) morphology was more elongated and better proliferative on hFDM than on gelatin-coated substrate. To prepare 3D construct, hFDM is collected, quantitatively analyzed, and incorporated in collagen hydrogel (Col) with HUVECs. Capillary-like structure (CLS) formation at 7day was significantly better with the groups containing higher doses of hFDM compared to the Col group (control). Moreover, the group (Col/hFDM/GFs) with both hFDM and angiogenic GFs (VEGF, bFGF, SDF-1) showed the synergistic activity on CLS formation and found much larger capillary lumen diameters with time. Further analysis of hFDM via angiogenesis antibody array kit reveals abundant biochemical cues, such as angiogenesis-related cytokines, GFs, and proteolytic enzymes. Significantly up-regulated expression of VE-cadherin and ECM-specific integrin subunits was also noticed in Col/hFDM/GFs. In addition, transplantation of Col/hFMD/GFs with HUVECs in skin wound model presents more effective re-epithelialization, many regenerated hair follicles, better transplanted cells viability, and advanced neovascularization. We believe that current system is a very promising platform for 3D vasculature construction in vitro and for cell delivery toward therapeutic applications in vivo.
Functional 3D vasculature construction in vitro is still challenging due to the difficulty of recapitulating the complex angiogenic extracellular matrix (ECM) environment. Herein, we present a simple and practical method to create an angiogenic 3D environment via incorporation of human lung fibroblast-derived matrix (hFDM) into collagen hydrogel. We found that hFDM offers a significantly improved angiogenic microenvironment for HUVECs on 2D substrates and in 3D construct. A synergistic effect of hFDM and angiogenic growth factors has been well confirmed in 3D condition. The prevascularized 3D collagen constructs also facilitate skin wound healing. We believe that current system should be a convenient and powerful platform in engineering 3D vasculature in vitro, and in delivering cells for therapeutic purposes in vivo.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>28351680</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.actbio.2017.03.035</doi><tpages>12</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8519-8316</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Acta biomaterialia, 2017-05, Vol.54, p.333-344 |
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| subjects | Angiogenesis Animals Cadherins Collagen Collagen hydrogel Construction Cues Cytokines Elongation Endothelial cells Engineering Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Enzymes Extracellular matrix Extracellular Matrix - chemistry Fibroblast growth factor 2 Fibroblasts Fibroblasts - chemistry Follicles Gelatin Growth factors Hair Human lung fibroblast-derived matrix (hFDM) Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) Vascular morphogenesis Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells - metabolism Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells - pathology Humans Hydrogels Immunofluorescence In vitro methods and tests Lung - chemistry Lungs Macromolecules Male Mice Mice, Inbred BALB C Mice, Nude Morphogenesis Neovascularization, Physiologic Proteolysis Proteolytic enzymes SDF-1 protein Skin Skin - injuries Skin - metabolism Skin - pathology Skin wound healing Staining Substrates Synergistic effect Therapeutic applications Transplantation Vascular endothelial growth factor Viability Wound Healing |
| title | Human lung fibroblast-derived matrix facilitates vascular morphogenesis in 3D environment and enhances skin wound healing |
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