Distribution of alpha-amylase isozymes among the varieties of winter wheat in Russia and Ukraine

A catalog of winter wheat varieties bred in Russia and Ukraine for alpha-amylase isozymes is presented. Among them, 11 phenotypic classes were found. It was established that the observed differences in the frequency of specific phenotypes for alpha-amylase in the culture of winter wheat depended on the geographical origin. The percentage of the most widespread cultural phenotype, designated as AbCde, decreased from the south (45°–46° N) to the north (49°–50° N) by 31.0%. At the same time, the frequency of the abCde variant increased by 25.0%. The distribution of the Abcde phenotype changed significantly from 20.7% in the west (30o36′ E) to 0% in the east (40o18′ E). The observed territorial dynamics for alpha-amylase isoenzymes may indicate the adaptive value of the identified phenotypes of common winter wheat for the weather and climatic conditions of the region of their origin.