Annexin A1 promotes timely resolution of inflammation in murine gout

Gout is a self‐limited inflammatory disease caused by deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in the joints. Resolution of inflammation is an active process leading to restoration of tissue homeostasis. Here, we studied the role of Annexin A1 (AnxA1), a glucocorticoid‐regulated protein that has anti‐inflammatory and proresolving actions, in resolution of acute gouty inflammation. Injection of MSU crystals in the knee joint of mice induced inflammation that was associated with expression of AnxA1 during the resolving phase of inflammation. Neutralization of AnxA1 with antiserum or blockade of its receptor with BOC‐1 (nonselective) or WRW4 (selective) prevented the spontaneous resolution of gout. There was greater neutrophil infiltration after challenge with MSU crystals in AnxA1 knockout mice (AnxA1−/−) and delayed resolution associated to decreased neutrophil apoptosis and efferocytosis. Pretreatment of mice with AnxA1‐active N‐terminal peptide (Ac2–26) decreased neutrophil influx, IL‐1β, and CXCL1 production in periarticular joint. Posttreatment with Ac2–26 decreased neutrophil accumulation, IL‐1β, and hypernociception, and improved the articular histopathological score. Importantly, the therapeutic effects of Ac2–26 were associated with increased neutrophils apoptosis and shortened resolution intervals. In conclusion, AnxA1 plays a crucial role in the context of acute gouty inflammation by promoting timely resolution of inflammation. Endogenous Annexin A1 regulates the intensity and duration of inflammation induced by MSU crystals. Exogenous Annexin A1 has anti‐inflammatory effects and drives resolution of inflammation.