Developing a female-only flock for artificial insemination purposes in ostriches: Progress and future directions
•Female ostriches appear to ovulate spontaneously.•Presence of males not needed to stimulate egg production.•Pairing with males results in more and heavier eggs.•Large variation observed between females.•Consideration to be given to studies investigating stimulation of egg production. The developmen...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Animal reproduction science 2017-05, Vol.180, p.85-91 |
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| creator | Bonato, Maud Malecki, Irek A. Brand, Zanell Cloete, Schalk W.P. |
| description | •Female ostriches appear to ovulate spontaneously.•Presence of males not needed to stimulate egg production.•Pairing with males results in more and heavier eggs.•Large variation observed between females.•Consideration to be given to studies investigating stimulation of egg production.
The development of a flock of females that can produce eggs and maintain egg production rate without the presence of males is a prerogative for a viable artificial insemination protocol in ostriches. Over six consecutive breeding seasons (May–December, 2009–2014), we recorded the egg production performance of 40 single-penned (ART) South African Black ostrich females (2–9 years of age), and compared these records with the egg production of 162 pair-mated females of comparable age from the breeding flock (BP). ART females laid significantly fewer eggs than BP females (mean±SEM: 3.49±0.13 eggs per month vs. 4.64±0.09 eggs per month respectively; P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.03.005 |
| format | Article |
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The development of a flock of females that can produce eggs and maintain egg production rate without the presence of males is a prerogative for a viable artificial insemination protocol in ostriches. Over six consecutive breeding seasons (May–December, 2009–2014), we recorded the egg production performance of 40 single-penned (ART) South African Black ostrich females (2–9 years of age), and compared these records with the egg production of 162 pair-mated females of comparable age from the breeding flock (BP). ART females laid significantly fewer eggs than BP females (mean±SEM: 3.49±0.13 eggs per month vs. 4.64±0.09 eggs per month respectively; P<0.001). Both groups showed a similar pattern of laying, with a peak production in July to September. The mean egg weight of ART females was significantly lower than those of BP females (1367±2.25g vs. 1423±1.1g, respectively; P<0.001). Furthermore, female age significantly affected egg production and egg weight whereby BP females reached a peak egg production at 3 years of age, while in ART females, egg production was the highest at 5 years of age. Interestingly, the number of eggs produced, clutches and eggs per clutch of ART females were independent of visual stimulation from the males. These results indicate that male presence is not needed to ensure egg production. Continuous recruitment of young females based on human-friendly behaviour to breeding by artificial insemination from high egg production performance parents could improve egg production of the ART flock. Studies are also needed to gain a better understanding of underlying physiological mechanisms promoting spontaneous ovulation in this species.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0378-4320</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-2232</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.03.005</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28330767</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Netherlands: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Animal Husbandry ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal - physiology ; Breeding season ; Egg production ; Egg weight ; Female ; Female age ; Insemination, Artificial - veterinary ; Oviposition ; Poultry ; Seasons ; Struthio camelus ; Struthioniformes - physiology ; Time Factors</subject><ispartof>Animal reproduction science, 2017-05, Vol.180, p.85-91</ispartof><rights>2017 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c428t-d5ec4b4f205173ec8a8b90e0eadd53a4a4d4ca565b55049d8d695ddf6fc50e823</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c428t-d5ec4b4f205173ec8a8b90e0eadd53a4a4d4ca565b55049d8d695ddf6fc50e823</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378432017300052$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28330767$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Bonato, Maud</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Malecki, Irek A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brand, Zanell</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cloete, Schalk W.P.</creatorcontrib><title>Developing a female-only flock for artificial insemination purposes in ostriches: Progress and future directions</title><title>Animal reproduction science</title><addtitle>Anim Reprod Sci</addtitle><description>•Female ostriches appear to ovulate spontaneously.•Presence of males not needed to stimulate egg production.•Pairing with males results in more and heavier eggs.•Large variation observed between females.•Consideration to be given to studies investigating stimulation of egg production.
The development of a flock of females that can produce eggs and maintain egg production rate without the presence of males is a prerogative for a viable artificial insemination protocol in ostriches. Over six consecutive breeding seasons (May–December, 2009–2014), we recorded the egg production performance of 40 single-penned (ART) South African Black ostrich females (2–9 years of age), and compared these records with the egg production of 162 pair-mated females of comparable age from the breeding flock (BP). ART females laid significantly fewer eggs than BP females (mean±SEM: 3.49±0.13 eggs per month vs. 4.64±0.09 eggs per month respectively; P<0.001). Both groups showed a similar pattern of laying, with a peak production in July to September. The mean egg weight of ART females was significantly lower than those of BP females (1367±2.25g vs. 1423±1.1g, respectively; P<0.001). Furthermore, female age significantly affected egg production and egg weight whereby BP females reached a peak egg production at 3 years of age, while in ART females, egg production was the highest at 5 years of age. Interestingly, the number of eggs produced, clutches and eggs per clutch of ART females were independent of visual stimulation from the males. These results indicate that male presence is not needed to ensure egg production. Continuous recruitment of young females based on human-friendly behaviour to breeding by artificial insemination from high egg production performance parents could improve egg production of the ART flock. Studies are also needed to gain a better understanding of underlying physiological mechanisms promoting spontaneous ovulation in this species.</description><subject>Animal Husbandry</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Behavior, Animal - physiology</subject><subject>Breeding season</subject><subject>Egg production</subject><subject>Egg weight</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Female age</subject><subject>Insemination, Artificial - veterinary</subject><subject>Oviposition</subject><subject>Poultry</subject><subject>Seasons</subject><subject>Struthio camelus</subject><subject>Struthioniformes - physiology</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><issn>0378-4320</issn><issn>1873-2232</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkEFv1DAQhS0EotvCX0DmxiVhbMeJww1tgSJVggOcLa89Ll4SO9hJpf57vNqCOHKa0ei9NzMfIa8ZtAxY__bYmhgyLjkVG1oObGhBtADyCdkxNYiGc8Gfkh2IQTWd4HBBLks5AsDQ9-NzcsGVELUfdmS5xnuc0hLiHTXU42wmbFKcHqifkv1JfcrU5DX4YIOZaIgF5xDNGlKky5aXVLDUKU1lzcH-wPKOfs3pLmMp1ERH_bZuGamr59qTqbwgz7yZCr58rFfk-8cP3_Y3ze2XT5_3728b23G1Nk6i7Q6d5yDZINAqow4jIKBxTgrTmc511sheHqSEbnTK9aN0zvfeSkDFxRV5c86tlH5tWFY9h2JxmkzEtBXNlIKuHznrq3Q8S20FWjJ6veQwm_ygGegTcH3U_wDXJ-AahK7Aq_fV45rtMKP76_xDuAr2ZwHWZ-8DZl0jMFo8I9Euhf9Y8xvl15su</recordid><startdate>201705</startdate><enddate>201705</enddate><creator>Bonato, Maud</creator><creator>Malecki, Irek A.</creator><creator>Brand, Zanell</creator><creator>Cloete, Schalk W.P.</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201705</creationdate><title>Developing a female-only flock for artificial insemination purposes in ostriches: Progress and future directions</title><author>Bonato, Maud ; Malecki, Irek A. ; Brand, Zanell ; Cloete, Schalk W.P.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c428t-d5ec4b4f205173ec8a8b90e0eadd53a4a4d4ca565b55049d8d695ddf6fc50e823</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Animal Husbandry</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Behavior, Animal - physiology</topic><topic>Breeding season</topic><topic>Egg production</topic><topic>Egg weight</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Female age</topic><topic>Insemination, Artificial - veterinary</topic><topic>Oviposition</topic><topic>Poultry</topic><topic>Seasons</topic><topic>Struthio camelus</topic><topic>Struthioniformes - physiology</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Bonato, Maud</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Malecki, Irek A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brand, Zanell</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cloete, Schalk W.P.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Animal reproduction science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Bonato, Maud</au><au>Malecki, Irek A.</au><au>Brand, Zanell</au><au>Cloete, Schalk W.P.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Developing a female-only flock for artificial insemination purposes in ostriches: Progress and future directions</atitle><jtitle>Animal reproduction science</jtitle><addtitle>Anim Reprod Sci</addtitle><date>2017-05</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>180</volume><spage>85</spage><epage>91</epage><pages>85-91</pages><issn>0378-4320</issn><eissn>1873-2232</eissn><abstract>•Female ostriches appear to ovulate spontaneously.•Presence of males not needed to stimulate egg production.•Pairing with males results in more and heavier eggs.•Large variation observed between females.•Consideration to be given to studies investigating stimulation of egg production.
The development of a flock of females that can produce eggs and maintain egg production rate without the presence of males is a prerogative for a viable artificial insemination protocol in ostriches. Over six consecutive breeding seasons (May–December, 2009–2014), we recorded the egg production performance of 40 single-penned (ART) South African Black ostrich females (2–9 years of age), and compared these records with the egg production of 162 pair-mated females of comparable age from the breeding flock (BP). ART females laid significantly fewer eggs than BP females (mean±SEM: 3.49±0.13 eggs per month vs. 4.64±0.09 eggs per month respectively; P<0.001). Both groups showed a similar pattern of laying, with a peak production in July to September. The mean egg weight of ART females was significantly lower than those of BP females (1367±2.25g vs. 1423±1.1g, respectively; P<0.001). Furthermore, female age significantly affected egg production and egg weight whereby BP females reached a peak egg production at 3 years of age, while in ART females, egg production was the highest at 5 years of age. Interestingly, the number of eggs produced, clutches and eggs per clutch of ART females were independent of visual stimulation from the males. These results indicate that male presence is not needed to ensure egg production. Continuous recruitment of young females based on human-friendly behaviour to breeding by artificial insemination from high egg production performance parents could improve egg production of the ART flock. Studies are also needed to gain a better understanding of underlying physiological mechanisms promoting spontaneous ovulation in this species.</abstract><cop>Netherlands</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>28330767</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.03.005</doi><tpages>7</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Animal Husbandry Animals Behavior, Animal - physiology Breeding season Egg production Egg weight Female Female age Insemination, Artificial - veterinary Oviposition Poultry Seasons Struthio camelus Struthioniformes - physiology Time Factors |
| title | Developing a female-only flock for artificial insemination purposes in ostriches: Progress and future directions |
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