A combination of quantitative marinating and Maillard reaction to enhance volatile flavor in Chinese marinated chicken

BACKGROUND A combination of quantitative marinating and Maillard reaction was investigated by adding d‐xylose, l‐cysteine and thiamine to the marinated brine of quantitative marinating, which was expected to enhance the volatile flavor of Chinese marinated chicken. Response surface methodology was u...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:Journal of the science of food and agriculture 2017-02, Vol.97 (3), p.823-831
Hauptverfasser: Wei, Xiuli, Wang, Chunqing, Zhang, Chunhui, Li, Xia, Wang, Jinzhi, Li, Hai, Tang, Chunhong
Format: Artikel
Sprache:eng
Schlagworte:
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
container_end_page 831
container_issue 3
container_start_page 823
container_title Journal of the science of food and agriculture
container_volume 97
creator Wei, Xiuli
Wang, Chunqing
Zhang, Chunhui
Li, Xia
Wang, Jinzhi
Li, Hai
Tang, Chunhong
description BACKGROUND A combination of quantitative marinating and Maillard reaction was investigated by adding d‐xylose, l‐cysteine and thiamine to the marinated brine of quantitative marinating, which was expected to enhance the volatile flavor of Chinese marinated chicken. Response surface methodology was used to optimize parameters, in which response was sensory evaluation scores of marinated chicken. A Box–Behnken center design was applied to the optimized added contents. The optimized contents were d‐xylose (1–5‰), l‐cysteine (1–5‰) and thiamine (1–3‰). RESULTS Analysis of variance indicated that a second‐order polynomial equation could predict the experimental data well (R2 = 0.94), and sensory evaluation scores were significantly affected by the added amount of d‐xylose, l‐cysteine and thiamine. The optimal conditions that maximized the sensory evaluation score of Chinese marinated chicken were found to be 4.96‰ d‐xylose, 2.28‰ l‐cysteine and 2.66‰ thiamine (w/w). Given these optimal conditions, a number of meat‐like flavor compounds such as 2‐pentyl‐furan, benzothiazole and 4‐methyl‐5‐thiazoleethanol were identified by gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric analysis. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that a combination of quantitative marinating and Maillard reaction might be a promising method to enhance the volatile flavor, especially meat‐like flavor, of Chinese marinated chicken. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
doi_str_mv 10.1002/jsfa.7803
format Article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1879997107</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>1879997107</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4193-9d1b00b6b37b07de7ba5c4e88a42a13e482be1acaf35ba4239a7ab7fd74fbb23</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNkcFu3CAQhlHVqtmkPfQFKqRemoMTwNiY42rVtI1S5ZDcrQGPu2y9kIC9Ud6-eDfNoVKknBDMxzea-Qn5xNkZZ0ycb1IPZ6ph5Ruy4EyrgjHO3pJFromi4lIckeOUNowxrev6PTkSijeV5M2C7JbUhq1xHkYXPA09vZ_Aj27M9x3SLcR9yf-m4Dv6C9wwQOxoRLD7D2Og6NfgLdJdGDI5IO0H2IVInaertfOYnjXYUbt29g_6D-RdD0PCj0_nCbm9-Ha7-lFcXX__uVpeFVZyXRa644YxU5tSGaY6VAYqK7FpQArgJcpGGORgoS8rk99KDQqM6jsle2NEeUK-HrR3MdxPmMZ265LFPIPHMKWWN0prrThTr0ArLTXjmr8CFXXd1LXUGf3yH7oJU_R55FkolRS8mnufHigbQ0oR-_Yuuryzx5azdk64nRNu54Qz-_nJOJktds_kv0gzcH4AHnIWjy-b2subi-Ve-Rca77EE</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1854742157</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>A combination of quantitative marinating and Maillard reaction to enhance volatile flavor in Chinese marinated chicken</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete</source><creator>Wei, Xiuli ; Wang, Chunqing ; Zhang, Chunhui ; Li, Xia ; Wang, Jinzhi ; Li, Hai ; Tang, Chunhong</creator><creatorcontrib>Wei, Xiuli ; Wang, Chunqing ; Zhang, Chunhui ; Li, Xia ; Wang, Jinzhi ; Li, Hai ; Tang, Chunhong</creatorcontrib><description>BACKGROUND A combination of quantitative marinating and Maillard reaction was investigated by adding d‐xylose, l‐cysteine and thiamine to the marinated brine of quantitative marinating, which was expected to enhance the volatile flavor of Chinese marinated chicken. Response surface methodology was used to optimize parameters, in which response was sensory evaluation scores of marinated chicken. A Box–Behnken center design was applied to the optimized added contents. The optimized contents were d‐xylose (1–5‰), l‐cysteine (1–5‰) and thiamine (1–3‰). RESULTS Analysis of variance indicated that a second‐order polynomial equation could predict the experimental data well (R2 = 0.94), and sensory evaluation scores were significantly affected by the added amount of d‐xylose, l‐cysteine and thiamine. The optimal conditions that maximized the sensory evaluation score of Chinese marinated chicken were found to be 4.96‰ d‐xylose, 2.28‰ l‐cysteine and 2.66‰ thiamine (w/w). Given these optimal conditions, a number of meat‐like flavor compounds such as 2‐pentyl‐furan, benzothiazole and 4‐methyl‐5‐thiazoleethanol were identified by gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric analysis. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that a combination of quantitative marinating and Maillard reaction might be a promising method to enhance the volatile flavor, especially meat‐like flavor, of Chinese marinated chicken. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-5142</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1097-0010</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7803</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27185418</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JSFAAE</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Chichester, UK: John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd</publisher><subject>Animals ; Beijing ; Benzothiazoles - analysis ; Benzothiazoles - chemistry ; Chickens ; Chinese marinating ; Condiments - analysis ; Cooking ; Cysteine - chemistry ; Design analysis ; Flavoring Agents - chemistry ; Flavors ; Flavours ; Food Quality ; Furans - analysis ; Furans - chemistry ; Humans ; Maillard Reaction ; Marinated ; Mathematical analysis ; Meat - analysis ; Molecular Structure ; Optimization ; Poultry ; quantitative marinating ; response surface methodology ; Salts - chemistry ; Sensation ; Sensory perception ; Statistics as Topic ; Taste ; Thiamine ; Thiamine - chemistry ; Thiazoles - analysis ; Thiazoles - chemistry ; volatile flavor ; Volatile Organic Compounds - analysis ; Volatile Organic Compounds - chemistry ; Xylose - chemistry</subject><ispartof>Journal of the science of food and agriculture, 2017-02, Vol.97 (3), p.823-831</ispartof><rights>2016 Society of Chemical Industry</rights><rights>2016 Society of Chemical Industry.</rights><rights>2017 Society of Chemical Industry</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4193-9d1b00b6b37b07de7ba5c4e88a42a13e482be1acaf35ba4239a7ab7fd74fbb23</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4193-9d1b00b6b37b07de7ba5c4e88a42a13e482be1acaf35ba4239a7ab7fd74fbb23</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fjsfa.7803$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fjsfa.7803$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27901,27902,45550,45551</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27185418$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Wei, Xiuli</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Chunqing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Chunhui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Xia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Jinzhi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Hai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tang, Chunhong</creatorcontrib><title>A combination of quantitative marinating and Maillard reaction to enhance volatile flavor in Chinese marinated chicken</title><title>Journal of the science of food and agriculture</title><addtitle>J Sci Food Agric</addtitle><description>BACKGROUND A combination of quantitative marinating and Maillard reaction was investigated by adding d‐xylose, l‐cysteine and thiamine to the marinated brine of quantitative marinating, which was expected to enhance the volatile flavor of Chinese marinated chicken. Response surface methodology was used to optimize parameters, in which response was sensory evaluation scores of marinated chicken. A Box–Behnken center design was applied to the optimized added contents. The optimized contents were d‐xylose (1–5‰), l‐cysteine (1–5‰) and thiamine (1–3‰). RESULTS Analysis of variance indicated that a second‐order polynomial equation could predict the experimental data well (R2 = 0.94), and sensory evaluation scores were significantly affected by the added amount of d‐xylose, l‐cysteine and thiamine. The optimal conditions that maximized the sensory evaluation score of Chinese marinated chicken were found to be 4.96‰ d‐xylose, 2.28‰ l‐cysteine and 2.66‰ thiamine (w/w). Given these optimal conditions, a number of meat‐like flavor compounds such as 2‐pentyl‐furan, benzothiazole and 4‐methyl‐5‐thiazoleethanol were identified by gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric analysis. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that a combination of quantitative marinating and Maillard reaction might be a promising method to enhance the volatile flavor, especially meat‐like flavor, of Chinese marinated chicken. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Beijing</subject><subject>Benzothiazoles - analysis</subject><subject>Benzothiazoles - chemistry</subject><subject>Chickens</subject><subject>Chinese marinating</subject><subject>Condiments - analysis</subject><subject>Cooking</subject><subject>Cysteine - chemistry</subject><subject>Design analysis</subject><subject>Flavoring Agents - chemistry</subject><subject>Flavors</subject><subject>Flavours</subject><subject>Food Quality</subject><subject>Furans - analysis</subject><subject>Furans - chemistry</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Maillard Reaction</subject><subject>Marinated</subject><subject>Mathematical analysis</subject><subject>Meat - analysis</subject><subject>Molecular Structure</subject><subject>Optimization</subject><subject>Poultry</subject><subject>quantitative marinating</subject><subject>response surface methodology</subject><subject>Salts - chemistry</subject><subject>Sensation</subject><subject>Sensory perception</subject><subject>Statistics as Topic</subject><subject>Taste</subject><subject>Thiamine</subject><subject>Thiamine - chemistry</subject><subject>Thiazoles - analysis</subject><subject>Thiazoles - chemistry</subject><subject>volatile flavor</subject><subject>Volatile Organic Compounds - analysis</subject><subject>Volatile Organic Compounds - chemistry</subject><subject>Xylose - chemistry</subject><issn>0022-5142</issn><issn>1097-0010</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkcFu3CAQhlHVqtmkPfQFKqRemoMTwNiY42rVtI1S5ZDcrQGPu2y9kIC9Ud6-eDfNoVKknBDMxzea-Qn5xNkZZ0ycb1IPZ6ph5Ruy4EyrgjHO3pJFromi4lIckeOUNowxrev6PTkSijeV5M2C7JbUhq1xHkYXPA09vZ_Aj27M9x3SLcR9yf-m4Dv6C9wwQOxoRLD7D2Og6NfgLdJdGDI5IO0H2IVInaertfOYnjXYUbt29g_6D-RdD0PCj0_nCbm9-Ha7-lFcXX__uVpeFVZyXRa644YxU5tSGaY6VAYqK7FpQArgJcpGGORgoS8rk99KDQqM6jsle2NEeUK-HrR3MdxPmMZ265LFPIPHMKWWN0prrThTr0ArLTXjmr8CFXXd1LXUGf3yH7oJU_R55FkolRS8mnufHigbQ0oR-_Yuuryzx5azdk64nRNu54Qz-_nJOJktds_kv0gzcH4AHnIWjy-b2subi-Ve-Rca77EE</recordid><startdate>201702</startdate><enddate>201702</enddate><creator>Wei, Xiuli</creator><creator>Wang, Chunqing</creator><creator>Zhang, Chunhui</creator><creator>Li, Xia</creator><creator>Wang, Jinzhi</creator><creator>Li, Hai</creator><creator>Tang, Chunhong</creator><general>John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd</general><general>John Wiley and Sons, Limited</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QF</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QQ</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7SC</scope><scope>7SE</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TA</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H8G</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>JQ2</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>L~C</scope><scope>L~D</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201702</creationdate><title>A combination of quantitative marinating and Maillard reaction to enhance volatile flavor in Chinese marinated chicken</title><author>Wei, Xiuli ; Wang, Chunqing ; Zhang, Chunhui ; Li, Xia ; Wang, Jinzhi ; Li, Hai ; Tang, Chunhong</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4193-9d1b00b6b37b07de7ba5c4e88a42a13e482be1acaf35ba4239a7ab7fd74fbb23</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Beijing</topic><topic>Benzothiazoles - analysis</topic><topic>Benzothiazoles - chemistry</topic><topic>Chickens</topic><topic>Chinese marinating</topic><topic>Condiments - analysis</topic><topic>Cooking</topic><topic>Cysteine - chemistry</topic><topic>Design analysis</topic><topic>Flavoring Agents - chemistry</topic><topic>Flavors</topic><topic>Flavours</topic><topic>Food Quality</topic><topic>Furans - analysis</topic><topic>Furans - chemistry</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Maillard Reaction</topic><topic>Marinated</topic><topic>Mathematical analysis</topic><topic>Meat - analysis</topic><topic>Molecular Structure</topic><topic>Optimization</topic><topic>Poultry</topic><topic>quantitative marinating</topic><topic>response surface methodology</topic><topic>Salts - chemistry</topic><topic>Sensation</topic><topic>Sensory perception</topic><topic>Statistics as Topic</topic><topic>Taste</topic><topic>Thiamine</topic><topic>Thiamine - chemistry</topic><topic>Thiazoles - analysis</topic><topic>Thiazoles - chemistry</topic><topic>volatile flavor</topic><topic>Volatile Organic Compounds - analysis</topic><topic>Volatile Organic Compounds - chemistry</topic><topic>Xylose - chemistry</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Wei, Xiuli</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Chunqing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Chunhui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Xia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Jinzhi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Hai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tang, Chunhong</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aluminium Industry Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Ceramic Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts</collection><collection>Corrosion Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Electronics &amp; Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Materials Business File</collection><collection>Mechanical &amp; Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology &amp; Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Copper Technical Reference Library</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Computer Science Collection</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts – Academic</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of the science of food and agriculture</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Wei, Xiuli</au><au>Wang, Chunqing</au><au>Zhang, Chunhui</au><au>Li, Xia</au><au>Wang, Jinzhi</au><au>Li, Hai</au><au>Tang, Chunhong</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A combination of quantitative marinating and Maillard reaction to enhance volatile flavor in Chinese marinated chicken</atitle><jtitle>Journal of the science of food and agriculture</jtitle><addtitle>J Sci Food Agric</addtitle><date>2017-02</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>97</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>823</spage><epage>831</epage><pages>823-831</pages><issn>0022-5142</issn><eissn>1097-0010</eissn><coden>JSFAAE</coden><abstract>BACKGROUND A combination of quantitative marinating and Maillard reaction was investigated by adding d‐xylose, l‐cysteine and thiamine to the marinated brine of quantitative marinating, which was expected to enhance the volatile flavor of Chinese marinated chicken. Response surface methodology was used to optimize parameters, in which response was sensory evaluation scores of marinated chicken. A Box–Behnken center design was applied to the optimized added contents. The optimized contents were d‐xylose (1–5‰), l‐cysteine (1–5‰) and thiamine (1–3‰). RESULTS Analysis of variance indicated that a second‐order polynomial equation could predict the experimental data well (R2 = 0.94), and sensory evaluation scores were significantly affected by the added amount of d‐xylose, l‐cysteine and thiamine. The optimal conditions that maximized the sensory evaluation score of Chinese marinated chicken were found to be 4.96‰ d‐xylose, 2.28‰ l‐cysteine and 2.66‰ thiamine (w/w). Given these optimal conditions, a number of meat‐like flavor compounds such as 2‐pentyl‐furan, benzothiazole and 4‐methyl‐5‐thiazoleethanol were identified by gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric analysis. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that a combination of quantitative marinating and Maillard reaction might be a promising method to enhance the volatile flavor, especially meat‐like flavor, of Chinese marinated chicken. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry</abstract><cop>Chichester, UK</cop><pub>John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd</pub><pmid>27185418</pmid><doi>10.1002/jsfa.7803</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 0022-5142
ispartof Journal of the science of food and agriculture, 2017-02, Vol.97 (3), p.823-831
issn 0022-5142
1097-0010
language eng
recordid cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1879997107
source MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete
subjects Animals
Beijing
Benzothiazoles - analysis
Benzothiazoles - chemistry
Chickens
Chinese marinating
Condiments - analysis
Cooking
Cysteine - chemistry
Design analysis
Flavoring Agents - chemistry
Flavors
Flavours
Food Quality
Furans - analysis
Furans - chemistry
Humans
Maillard Reaction
Marinated
Mathematical analysis
Meat - analysis
Molecular Structure
Optimization
Poultry
quantitative marinating
response surface methodology
Salts - chemistry
Sensation
Sensory perception
Statistics as Topic
Taste
Thiamine
Thiamine - chemistry
Thiazoles - analysis
Thiazoles - chemistry
volatile flavor
Volatile Organic Compounds - analysis
Volatile Organic Compounds - chemistry
Xylose - chemistry
title A combination of quantitative marinating and Maillard reaction to enhance volatile flavor in Chinese marinated chicken
url https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-14T09%3A26%3A48IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A%20combination%20of%20quantitative%20marinating%20and%20Maillard%20reaction%20to%20enhance%20volatile%20flavor%20in%20Chinese%20marinated%20chicken&rft.jtitle=Journal%20of%20the%20science%20of%20food%20and%20agriculture&rft.au=Wei,%20Xiuli&rft.date=2017-02&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=823&rft.epage=831&rft.pages=823-831&rft.issn=0022-5142&rft.eissn=1097-0010&rft.coden=JSFAAE&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002/jsfa.7803&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E1879997107%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1854742157&rft_id=info:pmid/27185418&rfr_iscdi=true